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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<html>
<head>
<title>O Zakladi za slobodan softver, Europa</title>
<title>O Free Software Foundationu Europe</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>O Zakladi</h1>
<p class="tagline">
Radimo za slobodu u digitalnom društvu.
</p>
<h1>O nama</h1>
<p>
Zaklada za slobodan softver, Europa (FSFE) je neprofitna i (u nekim
državama) dobrotvorna, nevladina organizacija posvećena
<a href="/about/basics/freesoftware.html">slobodnom softveru</a>.
</p>
<div id="introduction">
<div class="image">
<img src="/graphics/stars-smaller.png" alt="Stars" />
</div>
<h2 class="n">Vizija</h2>
<p>
Free Software Foundation Europe je organizacija posvećena promicanju
slobodnog softvera i radu za <strong>slobodu</strong> u nastajućem
digitalnom društvu.
</p>
<p>
Pristup softveru određuje tko može sudjelovati u digitalnom
društvu. Slobode <a
href="/about/basics/freesoftware.html">korištenja, proučavanja,
dijeljenja i unapređenja</a> softvera omogućuju <strong>ravnopravno</strong>
sudjelovanje i iznimno su bitne.
</p>
</div>
<h3>Vizija slobodnog softvera</h3>
<p>
Imati pristup softveru znači moći sudjelovati u digitalnom društvu.
Slobode korištenja, umnažanja, mijenjanja i distribuiranja softvera
-- opisane u
<a href="/about/basics/freesoftware.html">definiciji slobodnog softvera</a>
-- dozvoljavaju jednakopravno prisustvovanje u dobu informacija.
</p>
<p>
Vizija slobodnog softvera je jedna od osnova slobode u digitalnom
svijetu -- kako u <a href="/documents/eur5greve.html">ekonomskom</a>, tako
i u sociološko-etičkom kontekstu. Slobodan softver je je važan korak prema
<a href="/projects/wsis/fs.html">slobodi, demokraciji, ljudskim pravima i napretku</a>
u digitalnom društvu.
</p>
<p>
Zaklada je posvećena promicanju svih aspekata Slobodnog softvera u Europi.
Osvještavanje ljudi o ovim pitanjima, politička i legalna zaštita
slobodnog softvera i poticanje razvoja slobodnog softvera u svrhu pružanja
sloboda korisnicima su glavni ciljevi Zaklade.
</p>
<p>
U tu je svrhu 2001. osnovana FSFE kao europska sestrinska organizacija
<a href="http://www.fsf.org">Zakladi za slobodan softver</a> iz Bostona,
Massachusetts, SAD. Obje su financijski, pravno i osobno neovisne jedna
od druge, kao dijelovi mreže slobodnog softvera.
</p>
<h3>Vizija suradnje</h3>
<p>
Druga vizija utjelovljena u Zakladi je ujedinjenje Europe u duhu suradnje
koja prelazi kulturološke granice.
</p>
<p>
Ne samo da se trebamo suočiti s političkom stvarnošću Europske Unije,
koja već upravlja velikim dijelom zakonodavstva koje se tiče
informacijskog društva, već također radimo na području na koji veliki
utjecaj imaju multinacionalne kompanije. One najčešće rade u uskoj
povezanosti, usklađenosti i suživotu sa europskim, i zemljama na
globalnoj razini, što im omogućuje da ostvaruju svoje interese koristeći
"podijeli pa vladaj" strategiju.
</p>
<p>
U Zakladi i sa Zakladom smo ujedinjeni i zajedno djelujemo na
lokalnim razinama, kao i globalnoj razini, govoreći glasom koji se ne
može zanemariti.
</p>
<h2>Principi</h2>
<p>
Kao organizacija zasnovana na europskoj kulturološkoj pozadini, vjerujemo
u, i slijedimo, osnovne principe poput demokratičnosti, međunarodnih odnosa,
suradnje, dijaloga i transparentnosti.
</p>
<p>
Ukratko, djelujemo u povezanoj strukturi zasnovanoj na timovima, koja je
otvorena svakome tko dijeli
<a href="/about/self-conception.html">zajedničko shvaćanje</a> Zaklade
i voljan je <a href="/contribute/contribute.html">pridonijeti</a>.
</p>
<p>
Trudimo se držati se ovih principa koliko je god to moguće, iako u
praksi ponekad zbog ograničenih resursa ili drugih problema ne možemo
ostvariti svoje ideale. Ukoliko mislite da ste primijetili neki takav
slučaj, a mogli biste nam pomoći da se poboljšamo, molimo da se uključite
<a href="/contribute/contribute.html">izravno</a> ili preko
<a href="/associates/">suradničkih organizacija</a>.
</p>
<h2>Više informacija</h2>
<h2 id="subpages">Poveznice</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>
<b>Kako zamišljamo sebe i dr.:</b><br />
<a href="self-conception.html">Viđenje Zaklade</a>
</p></li>
<li>
<h3><a href="/about/principles.html">Načela</a></h3>
<p>
Vjerujemo u suradnju i transparentnost.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3><a href="/about/team.html">Ljudi</a></h3>
<!-- should be /about/people/... later -->
<p>
Tko smo.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3><a href="/press/press.html">Mediji</a></h3>
<p>
Izjave za medije, vijesti, fotografije i informacije za kontakt.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3><a href="/about/legal/legal.html">Pravni okviri</a></h3>
<p>
Uređenje, struktura i pravno odgovorni članovi.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3><a href="/contact/contact.html">Kontakt</a></h3>
<p>
Informacije za kontakt za opće upite.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3><a href="/about/fsfnetwork.html">Mreža FSF*</a></h3>
<p>
Imamo sestrinske organizacije u <a
href="http://fsf.org/">Sjevernoj Americi</a>, <a
href="http://fsf.org.in/">Indiji</a> i <a
href="http://fsfla.org/">Latinskoj Americi</a>.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3><a href="/associates/associates.html">Suradnici</a></h3>
<p>
Dijelimo zajedničke ciljeve s ovim organizacijama.
</p>
</li>
<li><p>
<b>Tko smo mi:</b><br />
<a href="team.html">FSFE tim</a>.
</p></li>
<li><p>
<b>Tko je pravno odgovoran:</b><br />
<a href="members.html">Članovi</a> udruženja
</p></li>
<li><p>
<b>Koga možete kontaktirati za konferenciju ili diskusiju:</b><br />
<a href="speakerlist.html">Lista govornika</a> Zaklade
</p></li>
<li><p>
<b>Kako se ovo provodi:</b><br />
<a href="/about/legal/">Pravna struktura</a> Zaklade
</p></li>
<li><p>
<b>Što smo <a href="/donate/donate.html">primili</a> i kako smo
to utrošili</b><br />
<a href="/about/funds/funds.html">Tok novca</a> Zaklade
</p></li>
<li><p>
<b>Tko su donatori:</b><br />
<a href="/donate/thankgnus.html">GNU Zahvalnice</a> Zaklade
</p></li>
<li><p>
<b>Ako želite napraviti poveznicu na naše stranice:</b><br />
Zakladine <a href="/about/graphics/graphics.html">slike</a>
</p></li>
<li>
<h3><a href="/donate/donate.html">Donirajte</a></h3>
<p>
Kako bismo bili samostalan glas za slobodan softver, ovisimo o
vašim donacijama. Pogledajte <a href="/about/funds/funds.html">kako
koristimo naša sredstva</a>.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Sestrinske organizacije</h2>
<p>
Slijedeće organizacije sestrinske su organizacije Zaklade u globalnoj
mreži Zaklade za slobodan softver. Radimo pravno, financijski i osobno
neovisno jedni od drugih u duhu zajedničke suradnje.
</p>
<ul>
<li><p>
<b><a href="http://www.fsf.org/">Zaklada za slobodan softver
Sjeverne Amerike</a></b><br />
Izvorna Zaklada za slobodan softver, smještena u Bostonu, Massachusetts, SAD.
</p></li>
<li><p>
<b><a href="http://fsf.org.in/">Zaklada za slobodan softver,
Indija</a></b>
</p></li>
<li><p>
<b><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/">Zaklada za slobodan softver,
Latinska Amerika</a></b>
</p></li>
</ul>
<h2>Podrška</h2>
<p>
Kao neprofitna organizacija, većinom smo ovisni o ljudima koji će učiniti
naše aktivnosti svojima -- bilo tako da se
<a href="/contribute/contribute.html">uključe u rad</a> ili putem
<a href="/donate/donate.html">donacija</a>. Da, molimo vas!
</p>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date$ $Author$</timestamp>
<translator>paxcoder</translator>
</html>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<html>
<head>
<title>FSFE - Το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό στην Ευρώπη - Οι ευρωπαϊκές προοπτικές και η
δραστηριότητα του FSFE</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1>Το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό στην Ευρώπη</h1>
<h2>Οι ευρωπαϊκές προοπτικές και η δραστηριότητα του FSFE</h2>
[<a href="eur5greve.pdf">PDF (στα Αγγλικά, a4); 81k</a>]
</center>
<div align="right">
Αμβούργο, 11 Φεβρουαρίου 2003<br />
<a href="/about/greve/">Georg C. F. Greve</a> &lt;greve@fsfeurope.org&gt;<br /><br />
"Public Service Review - European Union," 5th edition<br />
<code><a href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/spring2003/eu_spring2003_contents.asp">http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/spring2003/eu_spring2003_contents.asp</a></code>
</div>
<h3>Εισαγωγή</h3>
<p>Το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό &#8212; ιδιαίτερα το λειτουργικό σύστημα GNU/Linux &#8212;
και το FSFE έχουν πρόσφατα γίνει περισσότερο διακριτά στην πολιτική ημερήσια διάταξη.
Αυτό το άρθρο θα επιδιώξει να αναλύσει μερικά από τα σημαντικότερα οικονομικά,
κοινωνικά και πολιτικά οφέλη, τα οποία το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό προσφέρει στις
Ευρωπαϊκές χώρες και στην Ευρώπη συνολικά. Θα παρουσιάσει επίσης την εσωτερική διάσταση
της δραστηριότητας του FSFE.</p>
<p>Ως έννοια και υπόδειγμα, το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό ασχολείται με ορισμένες από τις
πιο θεμελιώδεις ανάγκες των κοινωνιών κατά τη μετάβασή τους στην μεταβιομηχανική
εποχή της πληροφορίας. Ο πιο διακριτός οργανισμός σε αυτό το πεδίο, το Ίδρυμα
Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού (Free Software Foundation, FSF), ιδρύθηκε το 1985, σε μια χρονική
περίοδο που ο κόσμος είχε μόλις αρχίσει να εξοικειώνεται με τις βασικότερες αρχές της
τεχνολογίας πληροφοριών.</p>
<p>Με τον πρώτο τυπικό ορισμό του Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού και τη δημιουργία της GNU
Γενικής Άδειας Δημόσιας Χρήσης (General Public License, GNU GPL) και της GNU Κατώτερης
Γενικής Άδειας Δημόσιας Χρήσης (Lesser General Public License, GNU LGPL), το FSF
όχι μόνο δημιούργησε (και ακόμη συντηρεί) τις δύο πιο δημοφιλείς άδειες χρήσης για
το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό που είναι σε χρήση σήμερα, αλλά εφηύρε και την ιδέα του "Copyleft",
που αναφέρεται στην προστασία του Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού από τη δυνατότητα στέρησης
της ελευθερίας του.</p>
<p>Το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό ορίζεται από τέσσερις βασικές ελευθερίες για τον χρήστη.
Η πρώτη ελευθερία &#8212; μερικές φορές αναφέρεται και ως ελευθερία 0 &#8212; είναι
η απεριόριστη χρήση ενός προγράμματος για οποιονδήποτε λόγο. Αυτό σημαίνει ότι μία
άδεια χρήσης Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού πρέπει να επιτρέπει τη χρήση του σε όλες τις
εμπορικές και μη-εμπορικές εφαρμογές για να πληρεί αυτό το κριτήριο.</p>
<p>Η δεύτερη ελευθερία &#8212; η ελευθερία 1 κατά τον ορισμό του Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού
[<a href="#1" name="ref1">1</a>] &#8212; είναι η ελευθερία του χρήστη να μελετά ένα
πρόγραμμα, να μαθαίνει πώς αυτό λειτουργεί και να το προσαρμόζει στις δικές του ανάγκες.
Οι άλλες δύο ελευθερίες είναι οι ελευθερίες για αναδιανομή μη-τροποποιημένων αντιγράφων
και η ελευθερία έκδοσης τροποποιημένων αντιγράφων που βελτιώνουν το παρόν επίπεδο ανάπτυξης.
</p>
<p>Με αυτές τις ελευθερίες, καθένας είναι ελεύθερος να επιλέξει να ασκήσει μία ή
περισσότερες από αυτές, αλλά μπορεί επίσης να επιλέξει να μην ασκήσει καμία.</p>
<p>Οι άδειες χρήσης που προσφέρουν αυτές τις ελευθερίες αναφέρονται ως άδειες χρήσης
Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού [<a href="#2" name="ref2">2</a>]. Μια ειδική περίπτωση άδειας
χρήσης Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού, η αποκαλούμενη "Copyleft" άδεια χρήσης, έχει ήδη
μνημονευθεί παραπάνω. Αυτές οι άδειες χρήσης δίνουν σε κάθε χρήστη τις ελευθερίες
που περιγράφηκαν παραπάνω, αλλά ρητά απαγορεύουν σε ένα διανομέα να τις απαλείψει,
μια πράξη που θα καθιστούσε τους παραλήπτες λογισμικού στερημένου από τις ελευθερίες
αυτές, εξαρτώμενους από αυτόν το συγκεκριμένο διανομέα.</p>
<p>Επειδή η πρόσβαση στον πηγαίο κώδικα είναι μια αναγκαιότητα για την άσκηση
αυτών των ελευθεριών για γλώσσες προγραμματισμού με διακριτό πηγαίο κώδικα,
ορισμένοι πρότειναν να χρησιμοποιηθεί ο "Ανοιxτός Κώδικας" ως όρος του μάρκετινγκ
για το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό το 1998· σήμερα για το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό μερικές φορές
χρησιμοποιείται αυτός ο όρος του μάρκετινγκ.</p>
<p>Η καλή πρόθεση της ευρύτερης διάδοσης του Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού είχε δυστυχώς
την απρόσμενη επίπτωση της αποδυνάμωσης της διάκρισης μεταξύ Ελεύθερου και
ιδιοκτησιακού/μη-ελεύθερου λογισμικού [<a href="#3" name="ref3">3</a>].
Συνεπώς το Ίδρυμα Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού συνιστά ιδιαίτερα να γίνεται λόγος
για Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό ή για έναν επαρκή αντίστοιχο όρο στην τοπική γλώσσα·
όπως θα γίνει και για το υπόλοιπο αυτού του άρθρου.</p>
<h3>Οι οικονομικές προοπτικές για το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό</h3>
<p>Παρά τις προσπάθειες των προμηθευτών του ιδιοκτησιακού λογισμικού &#8212; ιδιαίτερα
αυτών που έχουν έδρα τις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες και έχουν το μονοπώλιο στις περιοχές
δραστηριότητάς τους &#8212; να το παρουσιάσουν έτσι, το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό δεν
είναι μια επίθεση που έχει στόχο συγκεκριμένες εταιρίες.</p>
<p>Το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό πρέπει να γίνει κατανοητό ως ένα νέο παράδειγμα,
ένα νέο υπόδειγμα διαχείρισης του λογισμικού με βάση δοκιμασμένες έννοιες.
Είναι ένα υπόδειγμα που διατηρεί τις αγορές ανοιχτές και ελεύθερα προσβάσιμες·
ως τέτοιο δεν μπορεί να έχει στόχο συγκεκριμένες εταιρίες, αφού κάθε
εταιρία μπορεί να συμμετάσχει σε αυτήν τη νέα αγορά.</p>
<p>Σε μια οικονομία Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού, θα υπάρχουν ηγέτες της αγοράς, αλλά
η πιθανότητα εμφάνισης ανεξέλεγκτων μονοπωλίων είναι πολύ μικρότερη.</p>
<p>Για τα σημερινά μονοπώλια αυτό μπορεί να φαίνεται απειλητικό. Αλλά καθώς
ένα από τα σημαντικότερα προβλήματα &#8212; ίσως το σημαντικότερο &#8212;
της Ευρωπαϊκής βιομηχανίας πληροφορικής είναι η εξάρτησή της από ξένα
μονοπώλια πληροφορικής, η αποδυνάμωση αυτών των μονοπωλίων έχει γίνει
απαραίτητη για την ευημερία της Ευρώπης.</p>
<p>Αυτή η σημερινή μονοπωλιακή κατάσταση είναι λογική συνέπεια του ιδιοκτησιακού
υποδείγματος λογισμικού, το οποίο δείχνει μια ισχυρή συστημική προτίμηση προς
το ιδιοκτησιακό λογισμικό. Ο λόγος είναι ότι το ιδιοκτησιακό λογισμικό έχει την
τάση να λειτουργεί σωστά μόνο με τον εαυτό του.</p>
<p>Με ένα τέτοιο ιδιοκτησιακό λογισμικό, η επικοινωνία μεταξύ δύο χρηστών
απαιτεί ότι και οι δύο χρησιμοποιούν το ίδιο λογισμικό. Δεδομένου ότι κάθε
άτομο στις δυτικές χώρες υποτίθεται ότι γνωρίζει τουλάχιστο άλλα πέντε,
αυτό οδηγεί σε ένα είδος "εξάπλωσης ιού", όπου ένας χρήστης υποχρεώνει
τον επόμενο να χρησιμοποιήσει το ίδιο λογισμικό, δημιουργώντας μονοπώλιο.</p>
<p>Στη θεωρία, τα ανοιχτά πρότυπα μπορούν να προσφέρουν έναν τρόπο εξόδου από
αυτό το κλείδωμα στον προμηθευτή, αλλά το παρελθόν έχει δείξει ότι κανένα ανοιχτό
πρότυπο δεν ήταν ποτέ επιτυχημένο εκτός αν είχε υλοποιηθεί με Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό.</p>
<p>Η δυνατότητα διεύρυνσης και κλειδώματος μιας βάσης χρηστών με τροποποίηση
ενός ανοιχτού προτύπου &#8212; μια διαδικασία που περιγράφεται κατ' ευφημισμό
ως "βελτίωση" προτύπου &#8212; η οποία έχει ως επακόλουθο να επιτρέπει μόνο τη
μετάβαση σε ένα ορισμένο λογισμικό, αλλά όχι την απομάκρυνση από αυτό, έχει
αποδειχθεί ότι είναι μεγάλος πειρασμός για τους μεγάλους παίκτες σε αυτό το πεδίο.</p>
<p>Όπως το παρελθόν έχει αποδείξει, είναι αναποτελεσματική η επιβολή ανοιχτών
προτύπων σε προμηθευτές ιδιοκτησιακού λογισμικού εξαιτίας της ταχείας ανάπτυξης
σε αυτόν τον τομέα σε συνδυασμό με την αδιαφάνεια του ιδιοκτησιακού λογισμικού
και τη σχετικά αργή πρόοδο στη διαδικασία των πολιτικών αποφάσεων.</p>
<p>Και βέβαια, με την προϋπόθεση ότι οι προμηθευτές θα αποδεχθούν τέτοια μέτρα
και δεν θα χρησιμοποιήσουν επιρροή που βασίζεται στο μονοπώλιό τους για να
σταματήσουν οριστικά τέτοιες πρακτικές, όπως έχουν δείξει πρόσφατες περιπτώσεις
παραβιάσων της αντιμονοπωλιακής νομοθεσίας στις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες.</p>
<p><b>Η δομή της οικονομίας του Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού</b></p>
<p>Οι διαφορές είναι πολύ μικρότερες από όσο πολλοί θα ήθελαν να σας πείσουν.
Ο χρηματιστηριακά πιο σημαντικός τομέας σήμερα είναι το λογισμικό για
επιχειρησιακές δραστηριότητες και το μεγαλύτερο εισόδημα παράγεται μέσα από
τις υπηρεσίες αυτού του τομέα. Αυτό είναι απίθανο να αλλάξει.</p>
<p>Είναι αλήθεια ότι τα έσοδα από άδειες χρήσης είναι πιθανότερο να υποχωρήσουν,
και μάλλον να υποχωρήσουν σημαντικά. Ωστόσο αυτό επηρεάζει ένα πολύ μικρό μέρος
των εσόδων από το λογισμικό· ένα μέρος το οποίο ευθύνεται για το αρνητικό εμπορικό
ισοζύγιο μεταξύ της Ευρώπης και των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών σήμερα.</p>
<p>Τηρουμένων όλων των αναλογιών, η μεγαλύτερη πηγή εσόδων σήμερα είναι οι υπηρεσίες.
Αυτός ο τομέας θα μπορεί να αναπτυχθεί σημαντικά σε μια οικονομία Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού.</p>
<p>Στο σημερινό σύστημα, όπου κυριαρχεί το ιδιοκτησιακό λογισμικό, μόνο οι εταιρίες
που υποστηρίζονται από μονοπώλια μπορούν να προσφέρουν υπηρεσίες· συνήθως μόνο ένα
μικρό μέρος από ό,τι θα ήταν δυνατό. Το υπόλοιπο γίνεται είτε από τα ίδια τα
μονοπώλια &#8212; προκαλώντας την έξοδο από την Ευρώπη άλλης μιας ροής εσόδων &#8212;
ή καθόλου.</p>
<p>Το ελεύθερο λογισμικό προσφέρει μεγαλύτερη ανεξαρτησία για τις Ευρωπαϊκές
επιχειρήσεις, επιτρέποντάς τους να προσφέρουν το πλήρες πακέτο υπηρεσιών αν
επιθυμούν ή να συνεργαστούν με άλλους αν αυτό φαίνεται οικονομικά αποδοτικότερο.</p>
<p>Επίσης θα μπορούν να προσφέρουν λύσεις για όσες υπηρεσίες είναι ήδη σε ζήτηση,
ή για όσες μπορούν να δημιουργήσουν ζήτηση, κάτι το οποίο είναι σήμερα αδύνατο
επειδή οι επιχειρήσεις αντιμετωπίζουν έλλειψη επαρκούς πρόσβασης και ελέγχου
στο λογισμικό από το οποίο αυτές οι υπηρεσίες εξαρτώνται.</p>
<p>Σε μια οικονομία Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού, το σημερινό εισόδημα στον τομέα των
υπηρεσιών θα αναδιανεμηθεί πιο πολύ σε όφελος των Ευρωπαίων προμηθευτών και ο
τομέας συνολικά θα μπορεί να παρουσιάσει την αναμενόμενη μεγέθυνση.</p>
<p><b>Μειώνοντας τις εξαρτήσεις</b></p>
<p>Πρέπει επίσης να ληφθεί υπόψη ότι σήμερα οι κάτοχοι των μονοπωλίων
ελέγχουν την Ευρωπαϊκή βιομηχανία πληροφορικής καθώς θα μπορούσαν να οδηγήσουν
τις περισσότερες εταιρίες εκτός αγοράς απαγορεύοντάς τους την πρόσβαση στο
μονοπώλιό τους ή καθιστώντας την πρόσβαση τόσο δύσκολη ώστε η οικονομική
κατάσταση πιθανώς θα οδηγήσει τις εταιρίες εκτός αγοράς.</p>
<p>Ακόμα χειρότερα, τα μονοπώλια του λογισμικού μπορούν να συνδεθούν με τα
μονοπώλια του υλικού. Έτσι ένα τμήμα του μονοπωλιακού λογισμικού θα τρέχει
μόνο σε εξειδικευμένο υλικό και σε αντάλλαγμα οι προμηθευτές αυτού του υλικού
θα δίνουν τον εξοπλισμό τους με αυτό το συγκεκριμένο λογισμικό.</p>
<p>Σύμφωνα με το παράδειγμα του Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού δεν μπορεί να οικοδομηθεί
αυτό το είδος του συντιθέμενου μονοπωλίου. Στην πραγματικότητα το Ελεύθερο
Λογισμικό ενθαρρύνει την ανεξαρτησία από πλατφόρμες και τα συστήματα Ελεύθερου
Λογισμικού (π.χ. τα συστήματα GNU/Linux και BSD) τρέχουν σε περισσότερες
πλατφόρμες υλικού από οποιοδήποτε άλλο ιδιοκτησιακό λειτουργικό σύστημα.</p>
<p>Επειδή η ελευθερία τροποποίησης επιτρέπει την επέκταση της υποστήριξης και
για άλλες πλατφόρμες υλικού, το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό προσφέρει ένα σταθερό
θεμέλιο για καινοτόμες πρωτοβουλίες στο υλικό που θα μπορούσαν να ξεκινήσουν
ακόμα και από ένα τοπικό ή περιφερειακό επίπεδο.</p>
<p>Με αυτόν τον τρόπο το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό δεν επαναφέρει μόνο τον ανταγωνισμό
στο λογισμικό, αλλά επίσης τον επεκτείνει και στο πεδίο του υλικού.</p>
<p><b>Εθνική οικονομία</b></p>
<p>Επειδή το μεγαλύτερο μέρος της ανάπτυξης λογισμικού φέρνει κοντά παλιές και
γνωστές αρχές, αυτές υλοποιούνται ξανά τουλάχιστο μια φορά από κάθε εταιρία,
μερικές φορές μια φορά για κάθε έργο.</p>
<p>Σε όρους εθνικής οικονομίας, το ιδιοκτησιακό λογισμικό είναι σπατάλη εργατικού
δυναμικού υψηλής εξειδίκευσης. Το παράδειγμα του ιδιοκτησιακού λογισμικού απασχολεί
τους προγραμματιστές στην επανεφεύρεση του τροχού, καθυστερώντας την καινοτομία.</p>
<p>Το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό επιτρέπει την οικοδόμηση πάνω σε αυτά τα παλιά και γνωστά
δομικά στοιχεία, με αποτέλεσμα το χαμήλωμα του φράγματος εισόδου στην αγορά για
νέες και καινοτόμες εταιρίες.</p>
<p>Επίσης, η βιομηχανία λογισμικού είναι μόνο ένα τμήμα της συνολικής οικονομίας.
Καθώς το λογισμικό είναι η κόλλα που κρατάει μαζί μια ψηφιακά δικτυωμένη οικονομία,
όλοι οι τομείς πληρώνουν το κόστος για την ανεπάρκεια του υποδείγματος του
ιδιοκτησιακού λογισμικού.</p>
<p>Σήμερα, οι περισσότερες, εκτός της πληροφορικής, εταιρίες χρησιμοποιούν
ιδιοκτησιακές λύσεις. Αυτό τις καθιστά δέσμιες των προμηθευτών τους για
κρίσιμες πτυχές της οικονομικής τους δραστηριότητας όπως η τήρηση των μετοχών,
η εγγραφή και πληρωμή λογαριασμών ή η επικοινωνία με πελάτες, προμηθευτές
ή και ανταγωνιστές.</p>
<p>Οι υποχρεωτικές ενημερώσεις είναι μία συνέπεια, η ανάγκη, μερικές φορές,
αντικατάστασης μιας πλήρους λύσης πληροφορικής, οι χρόνοι διακοπής,
συμπεριλαμβανομένης της νέας κατάρτισης για τους υπαλλήλους, είναι μια άλλη.
Λύσεις με βάση το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό απομακρύνουν σχεδόν εντελώς αυτήν την εξάρτηση.</p>
<p>Καθώς η εταιρία επωφελείται από τις ελευθερίες που περιγράφονται πιο πάνω,
οι ενημερώσεις μπορεί να γίνονται σύμφωνα με την οικονομική κατάσταση της
εταιρίας. Σε περίπτωση προβλημάτων με τον προμηθευτή, η λύση παραμένει
χρησιμοποιήσιμη και έτσι ένας άλλος προμηθευτής μπορεί να βρεθεί.</p>
<p>Στην τελευταία περίπτωση, απαιτείται επένδυση από τον νέο προμηθευτή για
τη διαχείριση της λύσης, αλλά αυτό το κόστος είναι σημαντικά χαμηλότερο
από το κόστος μιας εντελώς νέας λύσης. Επίσης τα έμμεσα κόστη σε όρους
δυσαρέσκειας του πελάτη, κατάρτισης των υπαλλήλων και χρόνων διακοπής
συνήθως δεν εμφανίζονται.</p>
<p>Μπορεί να θεωρηθεί αναμενόμενο ότι αυτά τα αποτελέσματα θα βοηθήσουν στην
αναζωογόνηση της οικονομίας συνολικά. Ουσιαστικά, η Ευρώπη μπορεί να κερδίσει
οικονομικά αναπτύσσοντας μόνο το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό σε μαζική κλίμακα.</p>
<h3>Κοινωνικά ζητήματα</h3>
<p>Η πρόσβαση στο λογισμικό γίνεται αυξανόμενα σημαντική για τη συμμετοχή στις
πολιτιστικές, κοινωνικές και οικονομικές ανταλλαγές της ανθρωπότητας. Για το
ξεχωριστό άτομο αυτό σημαίνει ότι η πρόσβαση στο λογισμικό καθορίζει την
ικανότητα για επικοινωνία, μελέτη και εργασία. Μελέτες από τις Ηνωμένες
Πολιτείες δείχνουν ότι ο μέσος άνθρωπος αλληλεπιδρά περίπου 150 φορές την
ημέρα με το λογισμικό.</p>
<p>Κατά συνέπεια, το λογισμικό πρέπει να γίνει κατανοητό ως μια μορφή πολιτιστικής
περιουσίας, μιας πολιτισμικής τεχνικής. Όσο υπάρχει ανθρωπότητα, οι νέες πολιτισμικές
τεχνικές έφερναν στο προσκήνιο την ερώτηση του ποιος έχει πρόσβαση σε αυτές.
Το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό διασφαλίζει ότι όλοι διατηρούν ισότιμη πρόσβαση στην
πολιτιστική περιουσία στην οποία το λογισμικό έχει μετατραπεί.</p>
<p>Σε όρους ασφάλειας των δεδομένων και προστασίας, ένα άλλο ζήτημα προκύπτει.
Καθώς οι ηλεκτρονικοί υπολογιστές είναι πάντα αδιαφανείς &#8212; δεν είναι δυνατό
να ξεχωρίσεις με μηχανική παρατήρηση τι κάνει ένας υπολογιστής &#8212; γίνεται
ακόμα σημαντικότερη η πλήρης διαφάνεια στο λογισμικό. Διαφορετικά χάνεται η
ικανότητα των χρηστών να καθορίσουν τι κάνουν οι υπολογιστές τους και συνεπώς
δεν θα έχουν έλεγχο στα προσωπικά τους ή άλλα δεδομένα.</p>
<p>Το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό είναι πλήρως διαφανές, διατηρώντας στο μέγιστο τον
πληροφοριακό αυτοκαθορισμό.</p>
<h3>2001: Το Ευρωπαϊκό Ίδρυμα Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού</h3>
<p>Τα δίκτυα τείνουν να είναι σταθερότερα από τους μεμονωμένους κόμβους και η
Ευρώπη είναι μία από τις ηγετικές περιοχές &#8212; αν όχι η ηγετική &#8212;
για το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό. Έτσι το 2001, το Ευρωπαϊκό Ίδρυμα Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού
(Free Software Foundation Europe, FSFE) ιδρύθηκε ως ομοθυγατρικός οργανισμός του
Ιδρύματος Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού της Βόρειας Αμερικής. Νομικά, χρηματοδοτικά και
προσωπικά ανεξάρτητοι μεταξύ τους, δραστηριοποιούνται από κοινού σε όλες τις
πτυχές του Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού σε ένα πνεύμα ισότιμης συνεργασίας.</p>
<p>Το ίδιο το FSFE περιλαμβάνει το όραμα μιας ισχυρής Ευρώπης ενωμένης με
συνεργασία και αμοιβαία κατανόηση με προς το παρόν τέσσερις χώρες (Γαλλία,
Γερμανία, Ιταλία, Σουηδία) να αντιπροσωπεύονται πλήρως, τρεις ακόμη με
σχέση συνεργασίας (Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, Πορτογαλία, Αυστρία) και πολλές άλλες
να συμμετέχουν μέσα από τακτικές συνεργασίες.</p>
<p>Μια κύρια λειτουργία του FSFE είναι να παρέχει ένα Ευρωπαϊκό κέντρο αρμόδιο
για το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό, να προσφέρει συμβουλές σε κυβερνήσεις, επιτροπές,
εταιρίες, δημοσιογράφους και άλλους.</p>
<p>Στο πλαίσιο αυτών των δραστηριοτήτων, το FSFE προσεκλήθη να παρέχει έναν
ειδικό στην Επιτροπή Δικαιωμάτων Πνευματικής Ιδιοκτησίας στο Λονδίνο
[<a href="#4" name="ref4">4</a>] και παρουσίασε το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό σε ένα
τεχνικό συνέδριο του ΟΟΣΑ στο Τόκιο με πρόσκληση του Γερμανικού Υπουργείου
Οικονομίας και Τεχνολογίας.</p>
<p>Άλλες δραστηριότητες περιλαμβάνουν τακτική εργασία για προγράμματα, για παράδειγμα
το AGNULA [<a href="#5" name="ref5">5</a>], ένα πρόγραμμα που χρηματοδοτήθηκε από
την Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή (IST-2001-34879).</p>
<p>Για το 6ο πρόγραμμα πλαίσιο, το FSFE έχει εκδώσει μια σύσταση που υποστηρίχθηκε
από περισσότερους από 50 εταίρους, με την οποία τα πλεονεκτήματα του Ελεύθερου
Λογισμικού για την Ευρώπη συσχετίζονται με αποδεκτούς Ευρωπαϊκούς στόχους· δόθηκαν
συγκεκριμένες συστάσεις για το πώς η Ευρώπη μπορεί να κεφαλαιοποιήσει στηριζόμενη σε αυτά
[<a href="#6" name="ref6">6</a>].</p>
<p>Επίσης το FSFE ασχολείται με την υποστήριξη της νομικής θεμελίωσης του
Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού, για παράδειγμα βοήθησε ένα τοπικό ινστιτούτο για
νομικά ζητήματα του Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού, το ifross, στην τροποποίηση
ενός Γερμανικού νόμου για τα πνευματικά δικαιώματα και πρόσφατα εξέδωσε
το Συμφωνητικό Εμπιστευτικότητας Άδειας Χρήσης (Fiduciary Licence Agreement, FLA)
[<a href="#7" name="ref7">7</a>], το οποίο θα βοηθήσει στη νομική διατηρησιμότητα
του Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού.</p>
<h3>Κεφαλαιοποιώντας πάνω στο Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό</h3>
<p>Το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό προσφέρει μοναδικές ευκαιρίες για την Ευρώπη γεωγραφικά
και για τα Ευρωπαϊκά κράτη. Στην πραγματικότητα η Ευρώπη σήμερα βρίσκεται στην
καλύτερη θέση για να επωφεληθεί όλων των πλεονεκτημάτων του Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού
και να περάσει στην εποχή της πληροφορίας με πλεονέκτημα από την εκκίνηση.</p>
<p>Πιθανά πλεονεκτήματα περιλαμβάνουν ευρύτερη ανεξαρτησία, αυξημένη βιωσιμότητα,
ελευθερία από ξένα μονοπώλια, εναλλακτικές δυνατότητες για το υλικό και το λογισμικό,
μια ισχυρότερη εσωτερική αγορά και καλύτερη προστασία των δικαιωμάτων των πολιτών.</p>
<p>Για να γίνουν αυτά πράξη, γίνεται ολοένα σημαντικότερη η διάθεση ξεκάθαρων
δηλώσεων και πολιτικών υπέρ του Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού, όπως το bonus αξιολόγησης
για προγράμματα Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού που ορίζεται στο πρόγραμμα IST ή τη
δήλωση πολιτικής από τον Liikanen στο Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο [<a href="#8" name="ref8">8</a>] σχετικά με το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό στη δημόσια διοίκηση.</p>
<p>Στην πραγματικότητα η δημόσια διοίκηση τυγχάνει να παρέχει ένα εξαιρετικό
σημείο αφετηρίας για τη μετάβαση στο Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό για τρεις λόγους.</p>
<p>Πρώτον, μια κυβέρνηση που χρησιμοποιεί ιδιοκτησιακό λογισμικό γεννάει την τάση
να εξαναγκάζει τους πολίτες της να χρησιμοποιούν το ίδιο λογισμικό εξαιτίας του
προαναφερθέντος συμπτώματος "εξάπλωσης ιού" του ιδιοκτησιακού λογισμικού. Καθώς
οι κυβερνήσεις έχουν την ηθική υποχρέωση να είναι διαθέσιμες σε όλους τους πολίτες
τους, μπορούν να προσφέρουν ένα δίκαιο επιχείρημα για το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό με βάση
το σκεπτικό ότι δεν επιθυμούν να εξαναγκάσουν τους πολίτες τους σε ένα επιζήμιο
μονοπώλιο.</p>
<p>Δεύτερον, η δημόσια διοίκηση έχει πάντα έλλειψη πόρων, αλλά η πλειονότητα
των πόρων που ξοδεύονται για την πληροφορική σπαταλώνται με την υιοθέτηση
μιας ξεχωριστής λύσης για κάθε υπουργείο ή περιφέρεια, όταν τα πραγματικά
προβλήματα είναι παρόμοια και η μαζική συνεργασία θα ήταν δυνατή.</p>
<p>Και τέλος, η χρήση του Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού στη δημόσια διοίκηση θα προβάλλει
ένα πρότυπο, ενθαρρύνοντας πολίτες και επιχειρήσεις να βρουν διέξοδο από
νοσηρές εξαρτήσεις, να συνηθίσουν στο νέο υπόδειγμα και να δραστηριοποιηθούν
οικονομικά και κοινωνικά σε αυτό.</p>
<p>Πολλές Ευρωπαϊκές περιφέρειες ήδη έχουν πάρει πρωτοβουλίες για την υποχρεωτική
χρήση του Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού στη δημόσια διοίκηση. Για παράδειγμα, η επιτροπή που
είναι επιφορτισμένη με αυτό το ζήτημα για τη γαλλόφωνη περιοχή των Βρυξελλών
γνωμοδότησε υπέρ ενός τέτοιου κανονισμού στις 11 Φεβρουαρίου 2003.</p>
<p>Η δημόσια διοίκηση στην Ευρώπη πρέπει τουλάχιστο να διασφαλίσει την προτίμηση
στο Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό έναντι του ιδιοκτησιακού και να απαιτήσει ανοιχτά πρότυπα
για τα οποία υπάρχει υλοποίηση αναφοράς Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού.</p>
<p>Επίσης όποτε ξοδεύεται δημόσιο χρήμα, ξοδεύοντάς το σε Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό
εξασφαλίζεται το όφελος για το κοινό και την οικονομία. Στο παρελθόν, αυτό το
χρήμα συνήθως είτε ξοδευόταν για ιδιοκτησιακό λογισμικό, συχνά σε όφελος μόνο
της προμηθεύτριας εταιρίας ιδιοκτησιακού λογισμικού με άμεση επιβάρυνση της
κοινωνίας και της οικονομίας ως σύνολο, ή χανόταν εξ ολοκλήρου.</p>
<p>Για την περίοδο μετάβασης προς μια βιωσιμότερη προσέγγιση, ιδιαίτερα οι
αποκαλούμενες "Copyleft" άδειες χρήσης &#8212; η Γενική Άδεια Δημόσιας Χρήσης GNU
(General Public License, GNU GPL) είναι η πιο διαδεδομένη &#8212; παρέχουν μια
ακέραια βάση για παρόμοια προγράμματα.</p>
<p>Αυτές οι άδειες χρήσης θα διασφαλίσουν ότι τα αποτελέσματα των πόρων που
δαπανήθηκαν θα είναι διαθέσιμα για όλη την οικονομία και την κοινωνία ισότιμα,
καλλιεργώντας μια γενική άνθηση της οικονομικής δραστηριότητας. Θα ανθίστανται
σε προσπάθειες κτήσης των αποτελεσμάτων από οποιαδήποτε εταιρία ή άτομο που
θα προσπαθήσει να επαναφέρει τις παλιές μονοπωλιακές καταστάσεις.</p>
<p><b>Διακυβέρνηση με επίγνωση της εποχής της πληροφορίας</b></p>
<p>Όπως η πληροφορική διαπερνά όλη την οικονομία και κοινωνία, οι κυβερνητικές
αποφάσεις σε μια περιοχή μπορούν να επηρεάσουν σημαντικά τις ευκαιρίες στην
εποχή της πληροφορίας. Δεδομένου του Ευρωπαϊκού στόχου προς την οικονομία της
πληροφορίας, γίνεται απαραίτητη η ευαισθητοποίηση για αυτά τα ζητήματα σε όλα
τα επίπεδα της διακυβέρνησης.</p>
<p>Υπάρχουν πολλές πολιτικές σε εκκρεμότητα ή σε εφαρμογή οι οποίες πρόκειται
να καταφέρουν σοβαρό πλήγμα στην Ευρωπαϊκή ανταγωνιστικότητα. Πρέπει να
εμποδιστούν ή να καταργηθούν αν αναζητείται τρόπος η Ευρώπη να παραμείνει στην
κορυφή.</p>
<p>Μια πολιτική που απειλεί εξίσου το ιδιοκτησιακό και το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό
είναι οι πατέντες λογισμικού. Το δίπλωμα ευρεσιτεχνίας είναι μία εντελώς
ακατάλληλη έννοια για το λογισμικό καθώς έχει πολλές διαφορετικές ιδιότητες.
Η εμπειρία δείχνει ότι οι Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες ήδη πληρώνουν ακριβά το σύστημα
πατεντών λογισμικού που διατηρούν με τη μείωση της καινοτομίας.</p>
<p>Για να αναφερθώ στον Bill Gates από ένα εσωτερικό υπόμνημα: "Αν οι άνθρωποι
είχαν καταλάβει πώς οι πατέντες παραχωρούνταν όταν οι περισσότερες από τις
σημερινές ιδέες ανακαλύπτονταν και άφηναν τις πατέντες εκτός, η βιομηχανία
σήμερα θα ήταν σε πλήρη ακινησία ... Η λύση είναι να πατεντάρουμε όσο
μπορούμε περισσότερο. Μία μελλοντική νέα εταιρία με προοπτικές χωρίς δικές
της πατέντες θα αναγκαστεί να πληρώσει οποιαδήποτε τιμή οι γίγαντες θα διαλέξουν
να επιβάλλουν. Αυτή η τιμή θα μπορούσε να είναι υψηλή: Οι εδραιωμένες εταιρίες
έχουν ένα ενδιαφέρον να αποκλείουν μελλοντικούς ανταγωνιστές".
[<a href="#9" name="ref9">9</a>]</p>
<p>Ένας άλλος εξαιρετικά επιζήμιος νόμος είναι η Ευρωπαϊκή Οδηγία για τα
Πνευματικά Δικαιώματα (European Copyright Directive, EUCD). Η αντίστοιχη για
τις ΗΠΑ, η Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) ήδη χρησιμοποιείται με
επιτυχία από ομάδες όπως η Σαϊεντολογία για να λογοκρίνει ανεπιθύμητους
ιστότοπους [<a href="#10" name="ref10">10</a>]. Παρόμοιες περιπτώσεις
αναμένονται και στην Ευρώπη.</p>
<p>Από οικονομική άποψη, η EUCD είναι ακραία αντι-ανταγωνιστική. Καθώς καθιστά
παράνομη την καταστρατήγηση για ο,τιδήποτε θεωρείται μέτρο προστασίας, δίνεται
στην εταιρία που δημιούργησε τα τεχνικά μέτρα απόλυτος έλεγχος πάνω στο
ποιος μπορεί και ποιος όχι να συμμετέχει στην αγορά με βάση αυτά τα μέτρα ή
πώς οι εταιρίες πρέπει να συμπεριφέρονται.</p>
<p>Ένα παράδειγμα είναι η πρόσφατη υπόθεση εναντίον του νεαρού Jon Johansen,
στην οποία το ερώτημα για το αν η αγορά ενός DVD σε ένα κατάστημα δίνει το
δικαίωμα στον πελάτη να δει το DVD στον υπολογιστή του έχει γίνει κεντρικό
ζήτημα. Η EUCD επίσης προβάλλει ένα σοβαρό εμπόδιο στις ελευθερίες του λόγου,
της επικοινωνίας και της επιλογής επαγγέλματος, δίνοντάς της έναν κάπως
αντιδημοκρατικό τόνο.</p>
<p>Αυτές οι δύο πολιτικές ή βρίσκονται σε διαδικασία υιοθέτησης ή έχουν ήδη
υιοθετηθεί και πρέπει να καταργηθούν πριν κάνουν μεγαλύτερη ζημιά στην
ανταγωνιστική αιχμή της Ευρώπης.</p>
<p>Η τωρινή νέα πρωτοβουλία για περαιτέρω μείωση του ανταγωνισμού στην αγορά
είναι το Palladium και ο αντίστοιχος εξοπλισμός, που προτάθηκαν από την TCPA.
Αυτή η πρωτοβουλία, η οποία εύχεται να γίνει γνωστή ως ενισχυτική της
αξιοπιστίας των ηλεκτρονικών υπολογιστών, περιγράφεται καλύτερα με τον όρο
"Treacherous Computing" [<a href="#11" name="ref11">11</a>].</p>
<p>Υπό το πρόσχημα της προσπάθειας βελτίωσης της ασφάλειας των υπολογιστών, η
TCPA προφανώς επιδιώκει να ξεφορτωθεί έννοιες και παραδείγματα ανταγωνιστικά
με τους κατόχους μονοπωλίων του ιδιοκτησιακού υποδείγματος λογισμικού. Για
άλλη μια φορά η Ευρώπη θα βρεθεί μαζί με τους ηττημένους.</p>
<h3>Συμπέρασμα</h3>
<p>Το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό ως ένα νέο παράδειγμα προσφέρει μία σταθερή,
μακροχρόνια και διατηρήσιμη προσέγγιση με υψηλότερο δυναμισμό και
αυξανόμενη αποδοτικότητα. Η πρώτη περιοχή που θα το κατανοήσει και
το υιοθετήσει σε μια μεγαλύτερη κλίμακα είναι πιθανότερο να γίνει η
ηγέτιδα δύναμη στην εποχή της πληροφορίας.</p>
<p>Σήμερα φαίνεται απίθανο ότι το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό θα μπορέσει ποτέ να
αντικαταστήσει εντελώς το ιδιοκτησιακό, αλλά θέτοντας το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό
ως το κυρίαρχο υπόδειγμα, η Ευρώπη θα ήταν δυνατό να απαλλαγεί από τις
εξαρτήσεις των ξένων μονοπωλίων, τα οποία τώρα σχηματίζουν μια ιδιαίτερα
ασταθή και δυσμενή κατάσταση για την Ευρωπαϊκή βιομηχανία πληροφορικής.</p>
<p>Η Ευρώπη βρίσκεται τώρα στη μοναδική κατάσταση να έχει μια μεγάλη προσφορά
δεξιοτήτων στο Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό και ένα επεκτεινόμενο δίκτυο μικρότερων
εταιριών που βασίζονται πάνω ή γύρω από το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό. Επίσης οι
περισσότερες από τις παραδοσιακές Ευρωπαϊκές εταιρίες πληροφορικής έχουν αρχίσει
να κλίνουν τουλάχιστο μερικώς προς το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό.</p>
<p>Αν τώρα αυτή η τάση παγιωθεί, η Ευρώπη έχει τη δυνατότητα να γίνει η παγκόσμια
ηγέτις στην εποχή της πληροφορίας.</p>
<p>Σε περίπτωση περισσότερων ερωτήσεων, το FSFE [<a href="#12" name="ref12">12</a>]
θα χαρεί να βοηθήσει.</p>
<pre>
[<a href="#ref1" name="1">1</a>] <a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>
[<a href="#ref2" name="2">2</a>] <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html</a>
[<a href="#ref3" name="3">3</a>] <a href="/documents/whyfs.html">http://fsfeurope.org/documents/whyfs.html</a>
[<a href="#ref4" name="4">4</a>] <a href="http://www.iprcommission.org">http://www.iprcommission.org</a>
[<a href="#ref5" name="5">5</a>] <a href="/projects/agnula/">http://fsfeurope.org/projects/agnula/</a>
[<a href="#ref6" name="6">6</a>] <a href="/documents/fp6/recommendation.html">http://fsfeurope.org/documents/fp6/recommendation.html</a>
[<a href="#ref7" name="7">7</a>] <a href="/projects/fla/">http://fsfeurope.org/projects/fla/</a>
[<a href="#ref8" name="8">8</a>] <a href="http://www3.europarl.eu.int/omk/omnsapir.so/cre?FILE=20021023r&amp;LANGUE=EN&amp;LEVEL=DOC&amp;NUMINT=3-188&amp;LEG=L5">http://www3.europarl.eu.int/omk/omnsapir.so/cre?FILE=20021023r&amp;LANGUE=EN&amp;LEVEL=DOC&amp;NUMINT=3-188&amp;LEG=L5</a>
[<a href="#ref9" name="9">9</a>] <a href="http://swpat.ffii.org/archive/quotes/index.en.html">http://swpat.ffii.org/archive/quotes/index.en.html</a>
[<a href="#ref10" name="10">10</a>] <a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/24533.html">http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/24533.html</a>
[<a href="#ref11" name="11">11</a>] <a href="http://www.counterpane.com/crypto-gram-0208.html#1">http://www.counterpane.com/crypto-gram-0208.html#1</a>
[<a href="#ref12" name="12">12</a>] <a href="/">http://fsfeurope.org</a>
</pre>
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<center>
<h1>Free Software in Europe</h1>
<h2>European perspectives and work of the FSF Europe</h2>
[<a href="eur5greve.pdf">PDF (English, a4); 81k</a>]
</center>
<div align="right">
Hamburg, February 11th, 2003<br />
<a href="/about/greve/">Georg C. F. Greve</a> &lt;greve@fsfeurope.org&gt;<br /><br />
"Public Service Review - European Union," 5th edition<br />
<code><a href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/spring2003/eu_spring2003_contents.asp">http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/spring2003/eu_spring2003_contents.asp</a></code>
</div>
<h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>Free Software &#8212; especially the GNU/Linux operating system &#8212; and the
FSF Europe have recently become more visible on the political
agenda. This article will seek to explain some of the larger economic,
social and political benefits that Free Software offers the European
countries and Europe as a whole. It will also give an insight into the
work of the FSF Europe.</p>
<p>As a concept and paradigm, Free Software addresses some of the most
fundamental needs of any society in its development towards the
post-industrial information era. The most visible organisation in this
field, the Free Software Foundation (FSF), was founded in 1985, a time
when people had barely begun grasping the most basic principles of
information technology.</p>
<p>With the first formal definition of Free Software and the creation of
the GNU General Public License (GPL) and GNU Lesser General Public
License (LGPL), the FSF not only created (and still maintains) the two
most popular licenses for Free Software in use today, but also
invented the notion of "Copyleft," referring to Free Software protected
against being stripped of its freedom.</p>
<p>Free Software itself is defined by four basic freedoms. The first
freedom &#8212; sometimes referred to as freedom 0 &#8212; is the unlimited use
of a program for any purpose. This means that a Free Software license
must allow use for all commercial or non-commercial applications in
order to fulfill this criterion.</p>
<p>The second freedom &#8212; freedom 1 in the Free Software definition [<a href="#1" name="ref1">1</a>] &#8212;
is the freedom to study a program to learn how it works and to adapt
it to your own needs. The remaining two freedoms are the freedoms to
redistribute unmodified copies and the freedom to release modified
copies that improve the state of the art.</p>
<p>As these are freedoms, people are free to choose to exercise one or
several of them, but they may also choose to exercise none.</p>
<p>Licenses providing these freedoms are referred to as Free Software
licenses. [<a href="#2" name="ref2">2</a>] A special case of Free Software license, the so-called
"Copyleft" license, has already been mentioned above. These licenses
give any user the freedoms described above, but they explicitly forbid
a distributor to remove that freedom, which would make recipients of
such freedom-deprived software dependent on that specific distributor.</p>
<p>Since access to the source code is a necessity to exercise these
freedoms for programming languages with distinct source code, some
people suggested using "Open Source" as a marketing term for Free
Software in 1998; nowadays Free Software is sometimes referred to
under this marketing term.</p>
<p>The good intention of making Free Software more widely known has
unfortunately had the unexpected side effect of weakening the
distinction between Free and proprietary/non-free software. [<a href="#3" name="ref3">3</a>]
Therefore the Free Software Foundation strongly recommends speaking
about Free Software or the adequate term in the local language; as
will be done in the remainder of this article.</p>
<h3>Economic perspectives of Free Software</h3>
<p>Despite the attempts of proprietary software vendors &#8212; especially
those located in the United States holding a monopoly in their
respective areas &#8212; to make it seem so, Free Software is not an attack
directed at specific companies.</p>
<p>Free Software should be understood as a new paradigm, a new model of
dealing with software based upon mature concepts. It is a model based
upon keeping the markets open and freely accessible; as such it cannot
be an attack on specific companies, since any company can participate
in this new market.</p>
<p>In a Free Software economy, there will be market leaders, but the
possibility of uncontrollable monopolies is much lower.</p>
<p>To current monopolies this may seem threatening. But as one of the
most important &#8212; maybe even the most important &#8212; problems of the
European IT industry is its dependence on foreign IT monopolies,
weakening these monopolies has become necessary for Europe to prosper.</p>
<p>That current monopolistic situation is a logical consequence of the
proprietary software model, which has a strong system-inherent
tendency towards proprietary software. The reason being that proprietary
software tends to only work properly with itself.</p>
<p>With such proprietary software, communication between two users
requires that both use the same software. Given that all people in
western countries supposedly know each other over no more than five
others, this leads to a kind of "viral" effect, where one user forces
the next to use the same software, creating a monopoly.</p>
<p>In theory, open standards would provide a way out of this vendor
lock-in, but history has shown that no open standard was ever truly
successful unless it was implemented in Free Software.</p>
<p>The possibility to enlarge and lock-in a user base by modification of
an open standard &#8212; a process euphemistically described as "improving"
a standard &#8212; that in consequence allows only migrating to a certain
piece of software, but not away from it, has proven to be too much of
a temptation for the major players in the field.</p>
<p>As the past has proven, it is ineffective to impose open standards on
vendors of proprietary software because of the fast-paced development
in this sector in combination with the intransparency of proprietary
software and the comparably slow workings of the political decision
process.</p>
<p>That is if the vendors accept such measures and do not excert their
monopoly-based clout to stop such actions altogether, as recent
anti-trust cases in the United States have shown.</p>
<p><b>Structure of a Free Software economy</b></p>
<p>The differences are much smaller than many people would make you
believe. The financially most important sector today is software for
business activities and most of the revenue is generated through
service. This is unlikely to change.</p>
<p>It is true that license revenue will most likely go down, probably
significantly. However this only affects a very small part of the
software generated revenue; a part which generates a negative trade
balance between Europe and the United States today.</p>
<p>The by orders of magnitude largest source of revenue today is service.
This sector will be able to grow significantly in a Free Software
economy.</p>
<p>In the current system, dominated by proprietary software, only those
companies supported by the monopolies can offer services; usually only
a small part of what would be possible. The remainder is either done
by the monopolies themselves &#8212; generating another stream of revenue
flowing out of Europe &#8212; or not at all.</p>
<p>Free Software offers greater independence of European businesses,
allowing them to offer the full array of services if they wish or
cooperate with others if this seems economically more useful. </p>
<p>Also they will be able to provide solutions for those services that
are already in demand, or that they can create a demand for, which are
currently impossible because businesses lack adequate access and
control over the software these services depend on.</p>
<p>In a Free Software economy, the current revenue in the service sector
will be redistributed more in favor of the European vendors and the
sector as a whole can be expected to grow.</p>
<p><b>Reducing dependencies</b></p>
<p>It also must be considered that currently the holders of monopolies
have control over the European IT industry as they could drive most
companies out of business by denying them access to their monopoly or
by making access so difficult that the economics of the situation will
possibly drive the company out of business.</p>
<p>To further worsen the situation, software monopolies can effectively
be coupled with hardware monopolies. So a piece of monopolistic
software will run only on a special kind of hardware and in return the
vendor(s) of that hardware will only deliver their machines with this
particular software.</p>
<p>The Free Software paradigm does not allow building this kind of
coupled monopoly. In fact Free Software encourages platform
independence and the Free Software systems (e.g. GNU/Linux and the BSD
systems) run on more hardware platforms than any proprietary operating
system.</p>
<p>Because the freedom to modify allows adding support for other hardware
platforms, Free Software provides a stable fundament for innovative
hardware initiatives that might even start on a local or regional
level.</p>
<p>That way Free Software not only brings back competition into the
software, but also furthers it in the hardware field.</p>
<p><b>National Economy</b></p>
<p>Because the largest part of software development is putting together
old and well-known principles, these get reimplemented at least once
by every company, sometimes even once for every project.</p>
<p>In terms of national economy, proprietary software is waste of highly
skilled labor. The proprietary software paradigm keeps software
developers busy reinventing the wheel, slowing down innovation.</p>
<p>Free Software allows building upon these old and well-known building
blocks, consequently reducing the market-entry barrier for new and
innovative companies.</p>
<p>Also, the software industry is only one part of economy as a whole. As
software is the glue that ties together a digitally networked economy,
all sectors pay the price for the inefficiency of the proprietary
software model.</p>
<p>Today, most non-IT companies use proprietary solutions. This makes
them relying entirely on their vendors for crucial aspects of their
own economic activity such as keeping stocks, writing and paying bills
or communication with their customers, suppliers and/or competitors.</p>
<p>Forced updates are one result, the need to sometimes replace a whole
IT solution, downtimes and new training of employees included, is
another. Solutions based upon Free Software remove this dependency
almost entirely.</p>
<p>As the company gains the freedoms described above, updates can be made
according to the economic situation of the company. In case of
problems with the vendor, the solution will still remain usable and
another vendor can be found.</p>
<p>In the latter case, an investment for the new vendor to work itself
into the solution is required, but that cost is significantly lower
than the cost of an entirely new solution. Also the indirect costs in
terms of customer dissatisfaction, training of employees and downtimes
usually do not arise.</p>
<p>It can be expected that these effects will help revitalising economy
as a whole. In essence, Europe can only win economically by furthering
massive deployment of Free Software.</p>
<h3>Social issues</h3>
<p>Access to software becomes increasingly important to participate in
the cultural, social and economic exchange of mankind. For the
individual this means that access to software determines ones ability
to communicate, to study and to work. Studies from the United States
indicate that the average person interacts about 150 times each day
with software.</p>
<p>In consequence, software has to be understood as a form of cultural
property, a cultural technique. As long as mankind exists, new
cultural techniques have risen the question of who is given access to
them. Free Software ensures all people retain equal access to the
cultural property that software has become.</p>
<p>In terms of data security and protection, another issue arises. As
computers are always opaque &#8212; it is not possible to tell by
mechanical observation what a computer does &#8212; it becomes even more
important that the software is entirely transparent. Otherwise people
lose the ability to determine what their computers do and consequently
have no control over their personal or other data.</p>
<p>Free Software is by nature entirely transparent, preserving the
maximum of informational self-determination.</p>
<h3>2001: The Free Software Foundation Europe</h3>
<p>Networks tend to be more stable than single nodes and Europe is one of
the leading &#8212; if not the leading &#8212; regions for Free Software. So in
2001, the Free Software Foundation Europe (FSF Europe) was founded as
a sister organisation of the Free Software Foundation in North
America. Legally, financially and personally independent of each
other, they are working together on all aspects of Free Software in a
spirit of equal cooperation.</p>
<p>The FSF Europe itself encompasses the vision of a strong Europe united
in cooperation and mutual understanding with currently four countries
(France, Germany, Italy, Sweden) fully represented, three others
associated (UK, Portugal, Austria) and several others involved through
regular cooperation.</p>
<p>A main function of the FSF Europe is providing a European competence
center for Free Software, offering advice to governments, commissions,
companies, journalists and others.</p>
<p>In the scope of these activities, the FSF Europe was invited to
provide an expert for the Commission on Intellectual Property Rights
in London [<a href="#4" name="ref4">4</a>] and presented Free Software at an OECD workshop in Tokyo
on invitation of the German Ministry of Economics and Technology.</p>
<p>Other activities involve regular project work, for instance in AGNULA
[<a href="#5" name="ref5">5</a>], a project funded in the scope of the 5th framework programme of
the European Commission (IST-2001-34879).</p>
<p>For the 6th framework programme, the FSF Europe issued a
recommendation supported by over 50 parties, in which the advantages
of Free Software for Europe are addressed in how they refer to
accepted European goals; concrete recommendations on how Europe can
capitalise on them are given. [<a href="#6" name="ref6">6</a>]</p>
<p>Also the FSF Europe is doing work to support the legal fundament of
Free Software, for instance it helped a local institute for legal
issues of Free Software, the ifross, with the amendment of a German
copyright law revision and recently issued the Fiduciary Licence
Agreement (FLA) [<a href="#7" name="ref7">7</a>], which will help upholding the legal
maintainability of Free Software.</p>
<h3> Capitalising on Free Software</h3>
<p>Free Software offers unique opportunities for Europe as a region and
the European states. In fact Europe is currently the region with the
best position to gain the full advantages of Free Software and go into
the information age with a head-start.</p>
<p>Possible advantages include greater independence, increased
sustainability, freedom from foreign mono- and oligopolies,
alternative hard- and software possibilities, a strengthened domestic
market and better protection of civil rights.</p>
<p>For these to become reality, it becomes increasingly important to make
clear statements and policies in favor of Free Software, such as the
evaluation bonus for Free Software projects defined in the IST work
programme or the policy statement by Liikanen in the European
Parliament [<a href="#8" name="ref8">8</a>] regarding Free Software in public administration.</p>
<p>In fact public administration happens to provide an excellent starting
point for the transition towards Free Software for three reasons.</p>
<p>Firstly, a government using proprietary software creates a tendency to
force its citizens to use the same software because of the
aforementioned "viral" effect of proprietary software. As governments
have the ethical obligation to be available to all its citizens, they
can make a just case for Free Software based upon the consideration of
not wanting to force their citizens into a harmful monopoly.</p>
<p>Secondly, public administration is always short of resources, but the
majority of resources spent on IT get squandered by creating a
separate solution for each ministry or region, while the problems
addressed tend to be similar and massive cooperation would be
possible.</p>
<p>And finally, use of Free Software in public administration will
provide a role model, encouraging citizens and businesses to get out
of unhealthy dependencies, getting accustomed to the new model and
becoming economically and socially active in it.</p>
<p>Several European regions already have initiatives to make use of
Free Software mandatory for public administration. The commission
entrusted with this question for the French speaking part of the
region of Brussels came out in favor of such a regulation on February
11th, 2003, for instance.</p>
<p>Public administrations in Europe should at least make sure to prefer
Free Software over proprietary and require open standards for which a
Free Software reference implementation exists.</p>
<p>Also wherever public money is spent, spending it on Free Software is
making sure that it will benefit the public and economy. In the past,
such money was usually spent on proprietary sofware, often benefitting
only that proprietary vendor company directly at the cost of society
and economy as a whole, or getting lost entirely.</p>
<p>For that migration period towards a more sustainable approach,
especially the so-called "Copyleft" licenses &#8212; the GNU General Public
License (GPL) being the most widely known &#8212; provide a sound basis for
such projects. </p>
<p>These licenses will make sure that the results of resources spent will
be available for all of economy and society equally, fostering a
general increase of economic activity. They will resist having the
results procured by any single company or person trying to restore old
monopolistic situations.</p>
<p><b>Information Age aware governance</b></p>
<p>Like information technology permeates all of economy and society,
governance decisions in one area can influence chances in the
information age significantly. Given the European goal of becoming an
information economy, it becomes necessary to be aware of these issues
in all areas of governance.</p>
<p>There are several policies pending or in implementation that are about
to inflict serious harm on the European competitiveness. These should
be prevented or abolished if seeking to increase the European edge.</p>
<p>One policy endangering proprietary and Free Software alike are
software patents. Patents are an entirely unsuitable concept for
software as it has very different properties. Experience indicates the
United States are already paying dearly for their software patent
system with reduced innovation.</p>
<p>To quote Bill Gates from an internal memo: "If people had understood
how patents would be granted when most of today's ideas were invented
and had taken out patents, the industry would be at a complete
standstill today. ... The solution is patenting as much as we can. A
future startup with no patents of its own will be forced to pay
whatever price the giants choose to impose. That price might be
high. Established companies have an interest in excluding future
competitors." [<a href="#9" name="ref9">9</a>]</p>
<p>Another extraordinarily harmful law is the European Copyright
Directive (EUCD). Its US counterpart, the Digital Millennium Copyright
Act (DMCA) is already being used successfully by groups such as
Scientology to censor unwelcome web sites. [<a href="#10" name="ref10">10</a>] Similar cases can be
expected in Europe.</p>
<p>Economically, the EUCD is highly anti-competitive. As it makes it
illegal to circumvent whatever is considered a protection measure, the
company that created this technical measure is given ultimate control
over who may or may not participate in the market based upon it or how
these companies should behave.</p>
<p>Example is given by the recent case against the teenager Jon Johansen,
in which the question whether buying a DVD in a store will entitle the
customer to view that DVD on their computer has become the central
issue. The EUCD also provides a serious impediment of the freedoms of
speech, communication and choice of profession, giving it a somewhat
anti-democratic air.</p>
<p>These two policies are either in the process of adoption or adopted
already and should be abolished before they can do further harm to
Europes competitive edge.</p>
<p>The current new initiative to reduce competition in the market further
are Palladium and its hardware counterpart proposed by the TCPA. This
initiative, which wishes to be known as increasing the trustworthyness
of computers, is best described as "Treacherous Computing." [<a href="#11" name="ref11">11</a>]</p>
<p>Under the pretense of trying to improve computer security, the TCPA
apparently seeks to eliminate concepts and paradigms competing with
the monopoly holders of the proprietary software model. Again, Europe
would be on the losing side.</p>
<h3>Resumé</h3>
<p>Free Software as a new paradigm offers a stable, lasting and
sustainable approach with higher dynamics and increased
efficiency. The first region to understand and adopt it on a larger
scale is likely to become a leading force in the information age.</p>
<p>Currently it seems unlikely that Free Software will ever replace
proprietary software completely, but by making Free Software the
predominant model, Europe could relieve dependences on foreign
monopolies, which currently create a highly unstable and unfavorable
situation for the European information technologies industry.</p>
<p>Europe is right now in the unique situation of having a large supply
of Free Software competence and growing network of smaller companies
that are based upon or centered in Free Software. Also more of the old
and traditional European IT companies have begun shifting at least
partially towards Free Software.</p>
<p>If this is furthered now, Europe has the potential to become global
leader in the information age.</p>
<p>In case of further questions, the FSF Europe [<a href="#12" name="ref12">12</a>] will gladly be of
assistance.</p>
<pre>
[<a href="#ref1" name="1">1</a>] <a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>
[<a href="#ref2" name="2">2</a>] <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html</a>
[<a href="#ref3" name="3">3</a>] <a href="/documents/whyfs.html">http://fsfeurope.org/documents/whyfs.html</a>
[<a href="#ref4" name="4">4</a>] <a href="http://www.iprcommission.org">http://www.iprcommission.org</a>
[<a href="#ref5" name="5">5</a>] <a href="/projects/agnula/">http://fsfeurope.org/projects/agnula/</a>
[<a href="#ref6" name="6">6</a>] <a href="/documents/fp6/recommendation.html">http://fsfeurope.org/documents/fp6/recommendation.html</a>
[<a href="#ref7" name="7">7</a>] <a href="/projects/fla/">http://fsfeurope.org/projects/fla/</a>
[<a href="#ref8" name="8">8</a>] <a href="http://www3.europarl.eu.int/omk/omnsapir.so/cre?FILE=20021023r&amp;LANGUE=EN&amp;LEVEL=DOC&amp;NUMINT=3-188&amp;LEG=L5">http://www3.europarl.eu.int/omk/omnsapir.so/cre?FILE=20021023r&amp;LANGUE=EN&amp;LEVEL=DOC&amp;NUMINT=3-188&amp;LEG=L5</a>
[<a href="#ref9" name="9">9</a>] <a href="http://swpat.ffii.org/archive/quotes/index.en.html">http://swpat.ffii.org/archive/quotes/index.en.html</a>
[<a href="#ref10" name="10">10</a>] <a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/24533.html">http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/24533.html</a>
[<a href="#ref11" name="11">11</a>] <a href="http://www.counterpane.com/crypto-gram-0208.html#1">http://www.counterpane.com/crypto-gram-0208.html#1</a>
[<a href="#ref12" name="12">12</a>] <a href="/">http://fsfeurope.org</a>
</pre>
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<title>FSFE - Il Software Libero in Europa - Le prospettive europee e il lavoro della FSFE</title>
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<h1>Il Software Libero in Europa</h1>
<h2>Le prospettive europee e il lavoro della FSFE</h2>
[<a href="eur5greve.pdf">PDF (English, a4); 81k</a>]
</center>
<div align="right">
Amburgo, 11 Febbraio 2003<br/>
<a href="/about/greve/">Georg C. F. Greve</a> &lt;greve@fsfeurope.org&gt;<br/><br/>
"Public Service Review - European Union," 5th edition<br/>
<code><a href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/spring2003/eu_spring2003_contents.asp">http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/spring2003/eu_spring2003_contents.asp</a></code>
</div>
<h3>Introduzione</h3>
<p>Il Software Libero — specialmente il sistema operativo GNU/Linux — e la
FSFE sono recentemente diventati più visibili nell'agenda politica.
Questo articolo cercherà di spiegare alcuni dei principali benefici
economici, sociali e politici che il Software Libero offre ai paesi europei
e all'Europa nel suo insieme. Darà anche un'idea del lavoro
della FSFE.</p>
<p>Come idea e paradigma, il Software Libero risponde ad alcuni dei
bisogni fondamentali della società nel passaggio verso l'era
post-industriale dell'informazione. L'organizzazione più visibile in questo
campo, la Free Software Foundation (FSF), è stata fondata nel 1985, un'epoca
in cui la gente aveva appena iniziato ad afferrare i più elementari
principi dell'information technology.</p>
<p>Con la prima definizione formale di Software Libero e con la stesura
della GNU General Public License (GPL) e della GNU Lesser General Public
License (LGPL), la FSF non solo ha creato (e ancora mantiene) le due
più note licenze per il Software Libero in uso oggi, ma ha anche
inventato il concetto di "Copyleft," ovvero quel meccanismo che garantisce
al Software Libero di non essere spogliato della sua libertà.</p>
<p>Il Software Libero è definito da quattro libertà basilari. La prima
libertà — talvolta chiamata libertà 0 — consiste nell'uso illimitato
di un programma per qualsiasi scopo. Questo significa che una licenza per
Software Libero, per soddisfare questo criterio, deve consentire l'uso per tutte le applicazioni commerciali e non commerciali.</p>
<p>La seconda libertà — la libertà 1 nella definizione del Software Libero [<a href="#1" name="ref1">1</a>] —
è la libertà di studiare un programma per imparare come funziona e adattarlo
ai propri bisogni. Le restanti due libertà sono la libertà di
ridistribuire copie non modificate e la libertà di rilasciare copie
modificate che migliorano lo stato dell'arte.</p>
<p>Poichè queste sono libertà, si è liberi di scegliere di esercitare una o
alcune di queste, ma si è anche liberi di scegliere di non esercitarne alcune.</p>
<p>Le licenze che forniscono queste libertà vengono chiamate licenze del Software
Libero. [<a href="#2" name="ref2">2</a>] Un caso speciale di licenza del Software Libero, la cosiddetta licenza
"Copyleft", è già stato menzionato prima. Queste licenze
danno ad ogni utente le libertà descritte sopra, ma vietano esplicitamente
al distributore di rimuovere quella libertà, cosa che renderebbe dipendenti da quello specifico distributore i destinatari di
tale software privato di libertà.</p>
<p>Dal momento che l'accesso al codice sorgente è necessario per esercitare queste
libertà nel caso dei linguaggi di programmazione, che hanno un proprio codice, nel 1998 alcuni
suggerirono di usare l'espressione "Open Source" come termine di marketing
al posto di Software Libero; oggi il Software Libero viene talvolta chiamato con questa
espressione di marketing.</p>
<p>La buona intenzione di far conoscere di più il Software Libero ha
avuto purtroppo l'effetto collaterale di indebolire la
distinzione tra Software Libero e software proprietario/non libero. [<a href="#3" name="ref3">3</a>]
Dunque la Free Software Foundation raccomanda fortemente di usare il termine
Software Libero o quello corrispettivo nella propria lingua; come
verrà fatto nel resto di questo articolo.</p>
<h3>Prospettive economiche del Software Libero</h3>
<p>Nonostante i tentativi dei distributori di software proprietario — specialmente
di quelli che risiedono negli Stati Uniti e che detengono un monopolio nei
rispettivi campi — di far sembrare che sia così, il Software Libero non è un attacco
diretto a specifiche aziende.</p>
<p>Il Software Libero dovrebbe essere compreso come un nuovo paradigma, un nuovo modello
con cui trattare il software basato su concetti consolidati. È un modello che si
basa sul mantenere i mercati aperti e liberamente accessibili; come tale non può
essere un attacco a specifiche aziende, dal momento che qualsiasi azienda
può partecipare a questo nuovo mercato.</p>
<p>In un'economia del Software Libero, ci saranno leader di mercato, ma la
possibilità di monopoli incontrollabili è molto minore.</p>
<p>Agli attuali monopoli questo sembrerà minaccioso. Ma poiché uno dei più
importanti problemi — forse addirittura il più importante — dell'industria IT
europea è la sua dipendenza dai monopoli esteri dell'IT,
indebolire questi monopoli è diventato essenziale per l'Europa per prosperare.</p>
<p>L'attuale situazione monopolistica è una logica conseguenza del modello
del software proprietario, che ha una forte tendenza intrinseca
verso il software proprietario. La ragione è che il software proprietario
tende a funzionare correttamente solo con se stesso.</p>
<p>Col software proprietario, la comunicazione tra due utenti
richiede che entrambi usino lo stesso software. Considerato che ogni abitante
dei paesi occidentali presumibilmente conosce almeno altre cinque persone,
questo porta a una specie di effetto "virale", in cui un utente costringe
l'utente successivo ad usare lo stesso software, creando un monopolio.</p>
<p>In teoria, gli standard aperti fornirebbero una via d'uscita a questa dipendenza
da un distributore, ma la storia ha dimostrato che nessun standard aperto ha
avuto veramente successo a meno che non fosse implementato in Software Libero.</p>
<p>La possibilità di allargare e rendere dipendente la base di utenti attraverso la
modifica di uno standard aperto — un processo definito eufemisticamente "miglioramento"
di uno standard — che di conseguenza permette soltanto di migrare a un certo
software, ma non di abbandonarlo, si è dimostrata una tentazione troppo
forte per i grandi attori in gioco.</p>
<p>Come è stato dimostrato in passato, è inutile imporre standard aperti
ai distributori di software proprietario, a causa del rapido sviluppo
in questo settore combinato al procedere invece lento del processo decisionale
politico e alla non trasparenza del software proprietario.</p>
<p>Questo se i distributori accettano tali misure e non fanno uso del loro
potere monopolistico per fermare del tutto tali azioni, come recenti
casi anti-trust negli Stati Uniti hanno dimostrato.</p>
<p><b>Struttura di un'economia del Software Libero</b></p>
<p>Le differenze sono molto più piccole di quanto si voglia far
credere. Il settore economicamente più importante oggi è
il software per le imprese e gran parte dei guadagni è
generata dai servizi. È improbabile che questo cambi.</p>
<p>È vero che le entrate provenienti dalle licenze molto probabilmente caleranno,
e in modo significativo. Comunque questo influisce soltanto su una piccolissima parte
del reddito generato dal software; la parte che produce una bilancia commerciale
negativa tra l'Europa e gli Stati Uniti oggi.</p>
<p>La più grande fonte di guadagno oggi sono i servizi.
Questo settore potrà crescere in maniera significativa in un'economia del Software
Libero.</p>
<p>Nel sistema attuale, dominato dal software proprietario, solo quelle
aziende appoggiate dai monopoli possono offrire servizi; di solito solo
una piccola parte di quello che sarebbe possibile. Il resto o viene fatto
dai monopoli stessi — generando un altro flusso di redditi
che si allontana dall'Europa — o non viene fatto per niente.</p>
<p>Il Software Libero offre alle imprese europee una maggiore indipendenza,
perché permette loro di offrire la gamma completa dei servizi se lo desiderano o
di cooperare con altri se ciò sembra economicamente più vantaggioso. </p>
<p>Potranno anche fornire soluzioni per quei servizi che sono
già richiesti, o per quelli di cui sappiano creare una domanda, soluzioni che sono
attualmente impossibili perché le imprese non hanno un sufficiente accesso e
controllo sul software da cui questi servizi dipendono.</p>
<p>In un'economia del Software Libero, l'attuale reddito nel settore dei servizi
sarà ridistribuito a favore dei distributori europei e il
settore nel suo insieme prevedibilmente crescerà.</p>
<p><b>Ridurre le dipendenze</b></p>
<p>Bisogna anche considerare che attualmente i detentori dei monopoli
hanno il controllo dell'industria IT europea, poiché potrebbero escludere dal
mercato gran parte delle aziende impedendo loro di accedere al loro monopolio o
rendendo l'accesso così difficile che i costi economici della situazione potrebbero
escludere l'azienda dal mercato.</p>
<p>A peggiorare ulteriormente la situazione, i monopoli del software possono
essere efficacemente collegati con monopoli dell'hardware. Quindi un software monopolistico
funzionerà soltanto su un particolare tipo di hardware e in cambio il
distributore di quell'hardware consegnerà le macchine con quel
particolare software.</p>
<p>Il paradigma del Software Libero non permette di costruire questo genere
di doppio monopolio. Infatti il Software Libero incoraggia l'indipendenza dalle
piattaforme e i sistemi del Software Libero (come GNU/Linux e i sistemi BSD)
girano su più piattaforme hardware di quanto non faccia qualsiasi sistema
operativo proprietario.</p>
<p>Poiché la libertà di modifica permette di aggiungere il supporto ad altre
piattaforme hardware, il Software Libero offre un solido fondamento per innovativi
progetti relativi all'hardware che potrebbero anche partire a livello locale
o regionale.</p>
<p>In questo modo il Software Libero non solo riporta la competizione nel
software, ma la promuove anche nel campo dell'hardware.</p>
<p><b>Economia nazionale</b></p>
<p>Poiché una grandissima parte dello sviluppo del software consiste nel mettere insieme
principi vecchi e ben noti, questi vengono reimplementati almeno una volta
da ogni azienda, talvolta anche una volta per ogni progetto.</p>
<p>In termini di economia nazionale, il software proprietario è una perdita di lavoro
altamente qualificato. Il paradigma del software proprietario tiene gli sviluppatori di
software occupati a reinventare la ruota, rallentando l'innovazione.</p>
<p>Il Software Libero permette di costruire sopra questi vecchi e noti
mattoni, riducendo di conseguenza la barriera di ingresso nel mercato per le aziende
nuove e innovative.</p>
<p>Inoltre l'industria del software è solo una parte dell'economia. Dal momento che
il software è il collante che lega insieme un'economia digitalmente connessa,
tutti i settori pagano il prezzo per l'inefficienza del modello del software
proprietario.</p>
<p>Oggi la maggior parte delle aziende non-IT utilizzano soluzioni proprietarie. Questo li
costringe ad affidarsi interamente ai loro distributori per aspetti cruciali della
propria attività economica come la gestione delle scorte, scrivere e pagare fatture
o la comunicazione con i loro clienti, fornitori e/o concorrenti.</p>
<p>Le conseguenze sono aggiornamenti forzati e il bisogno di rimpiazzare talvolta
un'intera soluzione IT, con tempi di attesa e l'esigenza di una nuova formazione
per il personale. Le soluzioni basate sul Software Libero rimuovono questa dipendenza
quasi completamente.</p>
<p>Quando l'azienda ottiene le libertà descritte sopra, gli aggiornamenti possono essere
fatti in base alla situazione economica dell'azienda. In caso di problemi
col distributore, la soluzione sarà ancora utilizzabile e potrà essere
trovato un altro distributore.</p>
<p>Nel secondo caso, è richiesto un investimento perché il nuovo distributore lavori lui
stesso nella soluzione, ma questo costo è nettamente più basso
del costo di una soluzione completamente nuova. Anche il problema dei costi indiretti come
l'insoddisfazione del cliente, la formazione del personale e i tempi di attesa
di solito non si pone.</p>
<p>Si può prevedere che questi effetti aiuteranno a rivitalizzare l'economia
nel suo insieme. In sostanza, nel promuovere un dispiegamento massiccio del Software
Libero l'Europa può solo ottenere una vittoria economica.</p>
<h3>Questioni sociali</h3>
<p>L'accesso al software diventa sempre più importante per partecipare
allo scambio culturale, sociale ed economico dell'umanità. Per il singolo
individuo ciò significa che l'accesso al software determina l'abilità
di comunicare, studiare e lavorare. Studi provenienti dagli Stati Uniti
indicano che la persona media interagisce circa 150 volte al giorno
col software.</p>
<p>Di conseguenza, il software deve essere inteso come una forma di proprietà
culturale, una tecnica culturale. Fin da quando esiste l'uomo, nuove tecniche
culturali hanno sollevato la questione di chi ha il diritto di accesso
ad esse. Il Software Libero assicura che tutti abbiano uguale accesso alla
proprietà culturale che il software è diventato.</p>
<p>Un'altra questione riguarda la sicurezza e la protezione dei dati. Poiché
i computer sono sempre opachi — non è possibile stabilire con una
semplice osservazione cosa fa un computer — diventa ancora più
importante che il software sia completamente trasparente. Altrimenti si perde
l'abilità di determinare che cosa fanno i propri computer e di conseguenza
non si ha più il controllo sui propri dati personali o di altri.</p>
<p>Il Software Libero è per natura completamente trasparente, preservando la
massima autodeterminazione nel campo dell'informazione.</p>
<h3>2001: La Free Software Foundation Europe</h3>
<p>Le reti tendono a essere più solide dei singoli nodi e l'Europa è una
delle principali regioni — se non la principale — per il Software Libero. Così
nel 2001, la Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE) è stata fondata come
organizzazione sorella della Free Software Foundation in Nord
America. Indipendenti l'una dall'altra a livello legale, finanziario e di
personale, lavorano insieme su tutti gli aspetti del Software Libero con uno
spirito di paritaria cooperazione.</p>
<p>La FSFE stessa racchiude la visione di un'Europa forte unita nella
cooperazione e nella reciproca comprensione con attualmente quattro paesi
(Francia, Germania, Italia, Svezia) pienamente rappresentati, altri tre
associati (Inghilterra, Portogallo, Austria) e molti altri coinvolti attraverso
una costante cooperazione.</p>
<p>Una delle funzioni principali di FSFE è fornire un centro di competenza europeo
per il Software Libero, che offra consulenza a governi, commissioni,
aziende, giornalisti e altri soggetti.</p>
<p>Nell'ambito di queste attività, la FSFE è stata invitata a
fornire un esperto per la Commissione sui Diritti di Proprietà Intellettuale
a Londra [<a href="#4" name="ref4">4</a>] e ha presentato il Software Libero a un seminario
dell'OCSE a Tokyo su invito del Ministro tedesco dell'Economia e della Tecnologia.</p>
<p>Altre attività richiedono un regolare progetto di lavoro, ad esempio AGNULA
[<a href="#5" name="ref5">5</a>], un progetto finanziato nell'ambito del 5° programma
quadro della Commissione Europea (IST-2001-34879).</p>
<p>Per il 6° programma quadro, la FSFE ha inviato una
raccomandazione sostenuta da oltre 50 parti, nella quale si analizzano i vantaggi
del Software Libero per l'Europa e si spiega come essi si riferiscano agli
obiettivi europei comuni; vengono date raccomandazioni concrete su come l'Europa
può capitalizzare questi vantaggi. [<a href="#6" name="ref6">6</a>]</p>
<p>Anche la FSFE si sta impegnando a sostenere il fondamento legale del
Software Libero, per esempio ha aiutato un istituto locale per le questioni
legali legate al Software Libero, l'ifrOSS, con l'emendamento a una revisione della legge tedesca
sul copyright e recentemente ha rilasciato il Fiduciary Licence
Agreement (FLA) [<a href="#7" name="ref7">7</a>], che aiuterà a difendere la
mantenibilità legale del Software Libero.</p>
<h3> Trarre vantaggio dal Software Libero</h3>
<p>Il Software Libero offre opportunità uniche all'Europa come regione e
agli stati europei. Di fatto l'Europa è al momento la regione nella migliore
posizione per cogliere tutti i vantaggi del Software Libero e per avviarsi
verso l'età dell'informazione con un vantaggio alla partenza.</p>
<p>I vantaggi possibili comprendono una maggiore indipendenza, un'aumentata
sostenibilità, la libertà da monopoli e oligopoli esteri,
possibilità alternative di hardware e software, un mercato interno rafforzato
e una migliore protezione dei diritti civili.</p>
<p>Perché questo diventi realtà, diventa sempre più importante fare
chiare dichiarazioni e promuovere politiche a favore del Software Libero, come il
premio di valutazione per i progetti del Software Libero definito nel programma di lavoro
dell'IST o la dichiarazione politica di Liikanen al Parlamento Europeo
[<a href="#8" name="ref8">8</a>] a proposito del Software Libero nella pubblica amministrazione.</p>
<p>In effetti la pubblica amministrazione può costituire un eccellente punto di
partenza per la transizione al Software Libero per tre ragioni.</p>
<p>Primo, un governo che usa software proprietario crea le condizioni che
obbligano i suoi cittadini ad usare lo stesso software a causa del
succitato effetto "virale" del software proprietario. Dal momento che i governi
hanno l'obbligo etico di essere accessibili a tutti i propri cittadini, possono
addurre un legittimo argomento a favore del Software Libero basato sulla considerazione di
non voler costringere i propri cittadini in un dannoso monopolio.</p>
<p>Secondo, la pubblica amministrazione è sempre a corto di risorse, ma la maggior
parte delle risorse spese nell'IT vengono sprecate nel creare una soluzione
separata per ogni ministero o regione, mentre i problemi affrontati
tendono ad essere simili e un'intensa cooperazione sarebbe
possibile.</p>
<p>E infine, l'uso del Software Libero nella pubblica amministrazione
fornirà un modello di comportamento, incoraggiando cittadini e imprese a uscire
dalle dannose dipendenze, ad abituarsi al nuovo modello e a
diventare economicamente e socialmente attivi al suo interno.</p>
<p>Molte regioni europee hanno già lanciato iniziative per rendere l'uso del
Software Libero obbligatorio per la pubblica amministrazione. Ad esempio, l'11 Febbraio
2003 la commissione incaricata di questa questione per la parte francofona
della regione di Bruxelles si è espressa a favore di tale
regolamentazione.</p>
<p>Le pubbliche amministrazioni in Europa dovrebbero almeno fare in modo di
preferire il Software Libero a quello proprietario e di esigere standard aperti per i
quali esista un'implementazione di riferimento per il Software Libero.</p>
<p>Inoltre ogni volta che si spende denaro pubblico, investirlo sul Software Libero
significa assicurarsi che esso avvantaggerà il pubblico e l'economia. In passato,
questo denaro veniva solitamente speso nel software proprietario, spesso favorendo
solo quell'azienda proprietaria proprio alle spese della società
e dell'economia nel suo insieme, o venendo del tutto sprecato.</p>
<p>Per questo periodo di migrazione verso un approccio più sostenibile,
specialmente le licenze cosiddette "Copyleft" — tra le quali la GNU General Public
License (GPL) è la più conosciuta — procurano una solida base per
tali progetti. </p>
<p>Queste licenze assicureranno che i risultati delle risorse investite
saranno disponibili a tutta l'economia e a tutta la società in ugual modo, favorendo
un generale aumento dell'attività economica. Esse impediranno che i
risultati siano controllati da qualche singola azienda o persona che cerchi di restaurare
le vecchie situazioni monopolistiche.</p>
<p><b>Una governance consapevole nell'Età dell'Informazione</b></p>
<p>Come l'information technology permea tutta l'economia e la società,
le decisioni di governance in un settore possono influenzare in modo significativo
le opportunità nell'età dell'informazione. Considerato l'obiettivo europeo di diventare
un'economia dell'informazione, diventa essenziale essere a conoscenza di queste questioni
in tutti i settori della governance.</p>
<p>Ci sono alcune politiche in fase di sviluppo o di attuazione che sono sul punto di
infliggere un duro colpo alla competitività europea. Queste dovrebbero essere
ostacolate o abolite se si vuole aumentare il vantaggio europeo.</p>
<p>Una politica che mette in pericolo il software proprietario e il Software Libero allo
stesso modo è quella dei brevetti software. I brevetti sono un concetto completamente
inadatto al software poiché esso ha molte diverse proprietà. L'esperienza indica che
gli Stati Uniti stanno già pagando caro per il loro sistema di brevetti software
con un calo dell'innovazione.</p>
<p>Per citare Bill Gates da una nota interna: "Se la gente fosse stata informata
sulla procedura di rilascio dei brevetti quando la maggior parte delle idee oggi in uso
furono concepite e ne avesse richiesto il brevetto, il settore oggi sarebbe totalmente
bloccato. ... La soluzione è brevettare quanto più possiamo. Una nuova azienda
che non detenga alcun brevetto sarà obbligata a pagare qualunque prezzo
imposto dai giganti del settore. Quel prezzo può essere elevato.
Le imprese affermate hanno interesse ad escludere i futuri
concorrenti." [<a href="#9" name="ref9">9</a>]</p>
<p>Un'altra legge enormemente dannosa è la European Copyright
Directive (EUCD). La sua omologa statunitense, il Digital Millennium Copyright
Act (DMCA) è già stata usata con successo da gruppi come
Scientology per censurare siti web non graditi. [<a href="#10" name="ref10">10</a>]
Si possono prevedere casi simili in Europa.</p>
<p>Dal punto di vista economico, la EUCD è altamente anti-competitiva. Poiché rende
illegale aggirare qualsiasi cosa sia considerata una misura di protezione, all'azienda
che ha creato questa misura tecnica è dato un controllo totale su
chi può o non può partecipare al mercato che si basa su di essa o su come
le aziende in gioco debbano comportarsi.</p>
<p>Un esempio viene dal recente processo contro l'adolescente Jon Johansen,
nel quale la questione se comprare un DVD in un negozio dia il diritto al
cliente di vedere quel DVD sul proprio computer è diventata il problema
principale. L'EUCD costituisce anche un serio ostacolo alle libertà di
parola, comunicazione e scelta della professione, aspetto che le dà anche
un alone anti-democratico.</p>
<p>Queste due politiche sono in fase di adozione o sono già state adottate
e dovrebbero essere abolite prima che possano danneggiare ulteriormente
il vantaggio competitivo dell'Europa.</p>
<p>L'attuale nuova iniziativa per ridurre la competizione nel mercato ulteriormente
sono Palladium e la sua controparte hardware proposta dal TCPA. Questa
iniziativa, che vuole farsi conoscere per il merito di aumentare l'affidabilità
dei computer, è meglio definita dall'espressione "Treacherous Computing" ("Informatica Infida"). [<a href="#11" name="ref11">11</a>]</p>
<p>Con il pretesto di cercare di migliorare la sicurezza dei computer, il TCPA
in realtà cerca di eliminare concetti e paradigmi che competono con
i monopolisti del modello del software proprietario. Ancora
una volta, l'Europa sarebbe dalla parte dei perdenti.</p>
<h3>Riepilogo</h3>
<p>Il Software Libero come nuovo paradigma offre un approccio solido, duraturo
e sostenibile con maggiori dinamiche e un'accresciuta
efficienza. La prima regione a comprenderlo e ad adottarlo su larga
scala ha buone probabilità di diventare una forza di primo piano nell'età dell'informazione.</p>
<p>Al momento sembra improbabile che il Software Libero possa mai sostituire
completamente il software proprietario, ma rendendo il Software Libero il
modello predominante, l'Europa potrebbe alleviare le dipendenze dai monopoli
esteri, che attualmente creano una situazione fortemente instabile e
sfavorevole per l'industria europea dell'information technology.</p>
<p>L'Europa si trova proprio adesso nella speciale situazione di avere un'ampia disponibilità
di competenza sul Software Libero e una crescente rete di piccole aziende
che sono basate o incentrate sul Software Libero. Inoltre un numero crescente delle
vecchie e tradizionali aziende europee dell'IT ha iniziato a muoversi almeno in parte
verso il Software Libero.</p>
<p>Se ciò viene promosso ora, l'Europa ha il potenziale per diventare un
leader globale nell'età dell'informazione.</p>
<p>In caso di ulteriori domande, la FSFE [<a href="#12" name="ref12">12</a>] sarà lieta
di essere d'aiuto.</p>
<pre>
[<a href="#ref1" name="1">1</a>] <a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>
[<a href="#ref2" name="2">2</a>] <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html</a>
[<a href="#ref3" name="3">3</a>] <a href="/documents/whyfs.html">http://fsfeurope.org/documents/whyfs.html</a>
[<a href="#ref4" name="4">4</a>] <a href="http://www.iprcommission.org">http://www.iprcommission.org</a>
[<a href="#ref5" name="5">5</a>] <a href="/projects/agnula/">http://fsfeurope.org/projects/agnula/</a>
[<a href="#ref6" name="6">6</a>] <a href="/documents/fp6/recommendation.html">http://fsfeurope.org/documents/fp6/recommendation.html</a>
[<a href="#ref7" name="7">7</a>] <a href="/projects/fla/">http://fsfeurope.org/projects/fla/</a>
[<a href="#ref8" name="8">8</a>] <a href="http://www3.europarl.eu.int/omk/omnsapir.so/cre?FILE=20021023r&amp;LANGUE=EN&amp;LEVEL=DOC&amp;NUMINT=3-188&amp;LEG=L5">http://www3.europarl.eu.int/omk/omnsapir.so/cre?FILE=20021023r&amp;LANGUE=EN&amp;LEVEL=DOC&amp;NUMINT=3-188&amp;LEG=L5</a>
[<a href="#ref9" name="9">9</a>] <a href="http://swpat.ffii.org/archive/quotes/index.en.html">http://swpat.ffii.org/archive/quotes/index.en.html</a>
[<a href="#ref10" name="10">10</a>] <a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/24533.html">http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/24533.html</a>
[<a href="#ref11" name="11">11</a>] <a href="http://www.counterpane.com/crypto-gram-0208.html#1">http://www.counterpane.com/crypto-gram-0208.html#1</a>
[<a href="#ref12" name="12">12</a>] <a href="/">http://fsfeurope.org</a>
</pre>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date: 2010-10-09 12:15:47 +0200 (sam. 09 oct. 2010) $ $Author: mk $</timestamp>
<translator>Federico Bruni</translator>
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<title>FSF Europa - Vrije Software in Europa - De Europese perspectieven en
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<h1>Vrije Software in Europa</h1>
<h2>De Europese perspectieven en het werk van de FSF Europa</h2>
[<a href="eur5greve.pdf">PDF (Originele Engelse versie, a4); 81k</a>]
</center>
<div align="right">
Hamburg, 11 februari 2003<br />
<a href="/about/greve/">Georg C. F. Greve</a> &lt;greve@fsfeurope.org&gt;<br /><br />
"Public Service Review - European Union," 5de editie<br />
<code><a href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/spring2003/eu_spring2003_contents.asp">http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/spring2003/eu_spring2003_contents.asp</a></code>
</div>
<h3>Inleiding</h3>
<p>Vrije Software &#8212; het GNU/Linux besturingssysteem in het bijzonder
&#8212; en de FSF Europa raken de laatste tijd steeds vaker op de politieke
agenda. Dit artikel probeert de brede economische, sociale en politieke
voordelen te beschrijven die Vrij Software voor Europa en de Europese landen te
bieden heeft. Het zal tevens een beter inzicht geven in de werking van de FSF
Europa.</p>
<p>Vrije Software, als concept, is voor elke gemeenschap
één van de fundamentele behoeften in de ontwikkeling naar een post-industriële
informatiemaatschappij. De bekendste organisatie op dit gebied, de Free
Software Foundation (FSF), werd reeds opgericht in 1985 toen de meeste mensen
zich amper bewust waren van de basisprincipes van de informatietechnologie.</p>
<p>Samen met de eerste formele definitie van Vrije Software ontwierp de FSF de
"GNU General Public License (GPL) en de "GNU Lesser General Public License
(LGPL)", dit zijn vandaag de 2 meest gebruikte licenties voor Vrije Software.
Om aan te duiden dat Vrije Software niet van zijn vrijheden beroofd mag worden,
omschreven ze ook de term 'copyleft'.</p>
<p>Vrije Software wordt gedefinieerd door vier basisvrijheden. De eerste
vrijheid &#8212; ook vrijheid 0 genoemd &#8212; is het recht om onbeperkt
gebruik te maken een programma, voor om het even welk doel. Dus elke Vrije
Softwarelicentie moet het onbeperkte commerciële en niet-commerciële gebruik
van de software toelaten om aan deze vrijheid te voldoen.</p>
<p>De tweede vrijheid &#8212; vrijheid 1 in de Vrije Software definitie [<a
href="#1" name="ref1">1</a>] &#8212; geeft je het recht een programma te
bestuderen, te onderzoeken hoe het werkt en het ook aan te passen aan je eigen
behoeften. De laatste twee vrijheden garanderen dat je kopies van het programma,
eventueel met de aangebrachte verbeteringen, mag verdelen zodat iedereen er
voordeel uit kan halen.</p>
<p>Aangezien dit vrijheden zijn, kan men er vrij voor kiezen om maar van één of
enkele ervan gebruik te maken, je kan er zelfs voor kiezen geen van deze
rechten uit te oefenen.</p>
<p>Licenties die je deze vrijheden garanderen worden Vrije Softwarelicenties
genoemd.[<a href="#2" name="ref2">2</a>] Een speciaal geval binnen de Vrije
Softwarelicenties zijn de 'copyleft'licenties. Deze garanderen je natuurlijk
ook de vier hierboven beschreven vrijheden, maar verbieden expliciet dat je de
software opnieuw verdeelt zonder deze vrijheden, aangezien de gebruikers
van deze, van zijn vrijheid beroofde software, afhankelijk zouden worden van die
specifieke verdeler.</p>
<p>Het is noodzakelijk om toegang te hebben tot de brondcode (sourcecode) van
een programma om de rechten die Vrije Software je geeft uit te kunnen oefenen.
Daarom bedachten enkele mensen in 1998 de term "Open Source" software voor
marketing doeleinden. Hierdoor wordt deze term tegenwoordig vaak gebruikt om
naar Vrije Software te refereren.</p>
<p>Ondanks de goede bedoelingen van deze mensen om Vrije Software meer
bekendheid te geven, was er het zeer nadelige gevolg dat het moeilijker werd
een duidelijk onderscheid te houden tussen Vrije en niet-vrije (proprietary)
software[<a href="#3" name="ref3">3</a>]. Daarom vraagt de FSF om steeds de term
"Free Software", of een ondubbelzinnige lokale vertaling hiervan, te gebruiken
zoals ook ik doe in het vervolg van dit artikel.</p>
<h3>De economische perspectieven van Vrije Software</h3>
<p>Vrije Software is geen aanval tegen bepaalde bedrijven, wat de verkopers van
niet-vrije software &#8212; waaronder vooral Amerikaanse bedrijven met een
monopolie in hun specifiek marktsegment &#8212; ook mogen laten uitschijnen.</p>
<p>Vrije Software moet gezien worden als een nieuwe benadering van software,
een nieuw model om met software om te gaan, gebaseerd op sterke bestaande
concepten. Het model staat garant voor een open markt die vrij toegankelijk is.
Een markt die niet beheerst kan worden door één bedrijf aangezien om het even
welk bedrijf kan participeren.</p>
<p>Ook in een Vrij Softwaremarkt zullen er marktleiders zijn, maar de kans dat
zij een niet beheersbaar monopolie verwerven is veel kleiner.</p>
<p>Voor de bedrijven die vandaag de markten monopoliseren lijkt dit natuurlijk
een bedreiging. Maar voor de groei van de Europese IT-industrie, die zeer
afhankelijk is geworden van overzeese IT-monopolies en voor wie deze een zeer
groot probleem vormen, is het doorbreken van deze monopolies pure noodzaak
geworden.</p>
<p>De huidige situatie met monopolies is een logisch gevolg van het niet-vrije
softwaremodel, aangezien deze software meestal alleen met zichzelf goed werkt,
zullen twee gebruikers die willen communiceren verplicht dezelfde software
moeten gebruiken. Als u weet dat er maximaal vijf contacten nodig zijn om twee
mensen in de westerse wereld met elkaar te verbinden, krijg je al snel een
viraal effect, waar de ene gebruiker de andere verplicht bepaalde software te
gebruiken, wat onvermijdelijk naar een monopolie leidt.</p>
<p>In theorie zouden open standaarden de afhankelijkheid van één bepaalde
producent moeten verhinderen. Maar het verleden heeft ons geleerd dat geen
enkele open standaard succes kende, tenzij er een Vrije Software-implementatie
van bestond.</p>
<p>De mogelijkheid om zijn klantenbestand te binden en te vergroten door kleine
veranderingen aan te brengen aan een open standaard &#8212; een techniek die
eufemistisch "verbeteren van de standaard" wordt genoemd &#8212; waardoor
klanten makkelijk naar de nieuwe standaard kunnen migreren maar bijna niet meer
terug weggeraken, is een zeer verleidelijke techniek gebleken voor de grootste
spelers in deze industrie.</p>
<p>Het verleden heeft ons ook geleerd dat het weinig zin heeft om open
standaarden op te leggen, aangezien de politieke besluitvorming relatief traag
werkt ten opzichte van de ontwikkelingen in de IT-industrie, zeker in
combinatie met de weinig transparante wereld van de niet-vrije software.</p>
<p>De producenten moeten deze regelgeving dan ook nog willen accepteren en geen
op hun monopolies gebaseerde gordijnen optrekken om deze wetgeving te
ondermijnen. Iets wat ze zonder schroom durven, zoals blijkt uit recente
anti-trust processen in de V.S.</p>
<p><b>De structuur van een Vrije Software-industrie</b></p>
<p>De verschillen zijn veel kleiner dan velen ons willen laten geloven. In de
financieel belangrijkste sector, de software voor bedrijven, zorgt het leveren
van diensten voor de grootste omzet. Er is weinig kans dat dit zal
veranderen.</p>
<p>Het is natuurlijk zo dat de inkomsten uit de licenties drastisch zullen
dalen, maar dit is slechts een zeer klein deel van de inkomsten die Vrije
Software genereert. Een deel dat trouwens mee verantwoordelijk is voor het
uitbouwen van de negatieve handelsbalans met de V.S.</p>
<p>De IT-dienstensector, vandaag al verantwoordelijk voor het grootste deel van
de inkomsten uit software, zal nog aanzienlijk kunnen groeien in een Vrije
Software-economie.</p>
<p>In het huidige systeem, volledig gecontroleerd door de producenten van
niet-vrije software, kunnen alleen de bedrijven die de grootsten naast zich
dulden, diensten aanbieden. Meestal is dit maar een klein deel van wat mogelijk
is. De overige diensten bieden ze zelf aan &#8212; wat opnieuw zorgt voor een
extra stroom van inkomsten uit Europa &#8212; of wordt helemaal niet
aangeboden.</p>
<p>Vrije Software geeft de Europese bedrijven een veel grotere
onafhankelijkheid, het geeft hen de kans om als bedrijf een volledig
dienstenpakket aan te bieden of om samen te werken met anderen als dat hen
economisch zinvoller lijkt.</p>
<p>Ze zullen in staat zijn veel gevraagde diensten te leveren of volledig nieuwe
diensten aan te bieden, die vandaag onmogelijk zijn door het gebrek aan
toegankelijkheid en controle over de software die deze diensten moet
ondersteunen.</p>
<p>In een Vrije Software-economie zullen de huidige inkomsten uit diensten meer
in het voordeel van de Europese producenten verdeeld worden, waardoor een groei
voor de hele Europese IT-sector verwacht kan worden.</p>
<p><b>Onze afhankelijkheid verminderen</b></p>
<p>We moeten steeds in gedachten houden dat deze monopoliehouders de volledige
controle hebben over de Europese IT-industrie. Ze kunnen elk bedrijf ten gronde
richten door hen het werken binnen hun monopolie te verbieden, of door de
toegankelijkheid van hun software te bemoeilijken.</p>
<p>Wat de situatie nog dramatischer maakt is het koppelen van
softwaremonopolies aan hardwaremonopolies. Hierdoor zal bepaalde software
alleen draaien op bepaalde hardware, in ruil zal de hardwareproducent geen
andere software toestaan op zijn platform.</p>
<p>Het Vrije Softwareparadigma verbiedt deze koppeling van monopolies. Vrije
software stimuleert de vrije keuze van hardware. De vrije software
besturingssystemen (zoals GNU/Linux en BSD) draaien op meer soorten hardware
dan om het even welk niet-vrij besturingssysteem.</p>
<p>Omdat men de vrijheid heeft zijn software aan te passen, kan men altijd de
ondersteuning voor nieuwe hardware implementeren. Vrije software biedt een
solide basis voor innovatieve ontwikkeling van nieuwe hardware, ook op kleinere
schaal.</p>
<p>Vrije Software zal zo niet alleen het evenwicht herstellen op de
softwaremarkt, maar ook een soortgelijk effect hebben op de hardwaremarkt.</p>
<p><b>De nationale economie</b></p>
<p>Vandaag wordt een groot deel van de tijd voor softwareontwikkeling besteed
aan oude, goed bekende principes. Elk bedrijf moet deze systemen minstens één
keer, en soms zelfs voor elk project, opnieuw implementeren.</p>
<p>Door het niet-vrije softwareparadigma worden softwareontwikkelaars verplicht
om steeds opnieuw het wiel uit te vinden. Dit is voor de nationale economieën
een echte verspilling van werk van goed opgeleide werknemers, en zet een zware
rem op het innovatieve werk dat kan geleverd worden.</p>
<p>Vrije software staat toe dat je die oude, goed bekende bouwstenen opnieuw
gebruikt om mee verder te bouwen, wat voor nieuwe innovatieve bedrijven de
drempel om zich op de markt te begeven sterk verlaagt.</p>
<p>De IT-economie is slechts een deel van het economische gebeuren. Maar aangezien
ze de lijm is voor onze op digitale netwerken gebaseerde economie, moet
iedereen mee de prijs betalen voor de weinig efficiënte aanpak waartoe het
niet-vrije softwaremodel ons verplicht.</p>
<p>De meeste bedrijven, buiten de IT-sector, gebruiken tegenwoordig niet-vrije
oplossingen. Dit maakt hen volledig afhankelijk van één softwareleverancier
voor belangrijke delen van hun economische activiteit, zoals het stockbeheer,
het maken en betalen van facturen en hun communicatie met klanten,
leveranciers en concurrenten.</p>
<p>Een ander groot nadeel van dit systeem zijn de verplichte updates, waarbij
men soms zelfs de volledige softwareoplossing moet vernieuwen. Dit resulteert
vaak in verloren werkuren en kosten voor het opleiden van het personeel.
Oplossingen gebaseerd op Vrije Software laten de keuze voor vernieuwing over
aan het bedrijf.</p>
<p>Als een bedrijf kiest voor de hierboven beschreven vrijheden kan het
zelfstandig, naargelang zijn eigen economische toestand, beslissen wanneer,
welke updates dienen uitgevoerd te worden. En als de klant niet langer tevreden
is over zijn softwareleverancier, kan hij zijn softwareoplossing behouden maar
met een andere leverancier in zee gaan.</p>
<p>In dat laatste geval zullen hem natuurlijk kosten worden aangerekend voor
het inwerken in de software. Maar deze kost is beduidend lager dan de kosten
voor een volledig nieuwe softwareoplossing. Uit ervaring weten we dat deze
indirecte kosten ten gevolge van klantenontevredenheid, opleiding van personeel
en verloren werktijd zich bij Vrije Software slechts zelden voordoen.</p>
<p>Het ligt in de lijn van de verwachtingen dat de positieve effecten van
Vrije software de Europese economie kunnen helpen heropleven. Uiteindelijk kan
Europa alleen maar winnen bij een massaal gebruik van Vrije Software.</p>
<h3>De sociale kwesties</h3>
<p>Toegang tot software wordt steeds belangrijker voor wie actief wil deelnemen
aan de culturele, sociale en economische gebeurtenissen. Je toegang tot
software bepaalt zelfs je kansen om te communiceren, te studeren en te werken.
Studies in de V.S. tonen aan dat de gemiddelde persoon 150 keer per dag in
contact komt met software.</p>
<p>Als gevolg hiervan moeten we software gaan bekijken als een cultureel
gegeven, een culturele techniek. Als sinds het ontstaan van de mensheid
is het belang van toegang tot culturele technieken bekend. Vrije software
garandeert dat iedereen gelijke toegang zal hebben tot de culturele techniek
die software stilaan geworden is.</p>
<p>Een ander groot probleem is de beveiliging en bescherming van gegevens.
Aangezien computers zeer ondoorzichtig werken &#8212; er bestaan geen
mechanische technieken om zijn werking op te volgen &#8212; is het zeer
belangrijk dat tenminste de software volledig transparant werkt. Zoniet,
verliezen de gebruikers de controle over hun eigen computer en kan men
onmogelijk bepalen wat er gebeurt met persoonlijke gegevens.</p>
<p>Vrije Software is per definitie volledig transparant, waardoor steeds een
maximale controle op de werking mogelijk blijft.</p>
<h3>2001: De Free Software Foundation Europa</h3>
<p>Aangezien netwerken de goede eigenschap hebben om stabieler te zijn dan dan
individuele knopen, en omdat Europa een leidinggevende regio voor Vrije
Software is geworden, hebben we in 2001 de Free Software Foundation Europa (FSF
Europa) opgericht. De FSF Europa is een zusterorganisatie van de FSF
Noord-Amerika, alhoewel ze financieel en juridisch volledig onafhankelijk zijn
van elkaar, werken ze samen aan alle aspecten van Vrije Software met een zeer
goede onderlinge verstandhouding.</p>
<p>De FSF Europa deelt de visie van een sterk Europa, en is zelf een voorbeeld
van samenwerking en onderlinge verstandhouding waar momenteel vier landen
(Frankrijk, Duitsland, Italië, Zweden) volledig vertegenwoordigd zijn,
organisaties uit drie andere landen (Verenigd Koninkrijk, Portugal, Oostenrijk)
zich met ons associeerden en ook partijen uit andere landen regelmatig een
bijdrage leveren.</p>
<p>De FSF Europa wil vooral een Europees competentiecentrum voor Vrije Software
zijn, die advies kunnen geven aan regeringen, commissies, bedrijven
journalisten en andere geïnteresseerden.</p>
<p>Als gevolg van onze activiteiten werden we door de Commissie voor
Intellectual Property Rights in Londen [<a href="#4"
name="ref4">4</a>] al uitgenodigd om een deskundige af te vaardigen. Op
uitnodiging van het Duitse ministerie voor economie en technologie mochten we de
Vrije Software vertegenwoordigen op een OECD workshop in Tokio.
</p>
<p>Verder werken we op regelmatige basis mee aan projecten, zoals AGNULA [<a
href="#5" name="ref5">5</a>] dat mee gefinancieerd wordt door het 5de
Werkprogramma van de Europese commissie (IST-2001-34879).</p>
<p>Voor het zesde werkprogramma heeft de FSFE, gesteund door meer dan 50
verschillende partijen, aanbevelingen gemaakt die de voordelen van Vrije
Software voor Europa benadrukken en verklaren hoe ze passen binnen de algemene
Europese doelstellingen; Hierin staat concreet beschreven hoe Europa munt kan
slaan uit Vrije Software [<a href="#6" name="ref6">6</a>].</p>
<p>De FSF Europa werkt ook hard om de juridische ondersteuning van Vrije
Software te bekomen. Ze hielpen bijvoorbeeld het ifross, een lokale organisatie
die zich inspant voor de juridisch aspecten van Vrije Software, om de
herziening van de Duitse auteursrechtenwetgeving te amenderen. Meer recent
hebben we de Fiduciary Licence Agreement (FLA) [<a href="#7"
name="ref7">7</a>] uitgebracht, die zal helpen om de principes van Vrije
Software ook voor de rechtbank stand te doen houden.</p>
<h3> Voordelen halen uit Vrije Software</h3>
<p>Vrije Software biedt een unieke kans aan Europa als regio, alsook aan de Europese
staten. Europa is momenteel de regio in de beste positie om maximaal te profiteren van
Vrije Software, en kan het informatie tijdperk aanvatten met een kopstart.</p>
<p>Onder de mogelijke voordelen vinden we: grotere onafhankelijkheid, verhoogde
duurzaamheid, bevrijding van buitenlandse mono - en oligopolies, alternatieve hard- en
softwaremogelijkheden, versterkte thuismarkt en betere bescherming van de burgerrechten.</p>
<p>Om dit te realiseren is het heel belangrijk om duidelijke standpunten in te nemen, en een
beleid te voeren in het voordeel van Vrije Software, zoals de evaluatiebonus voor Vrije
Softwareprojecten gedefinieerd in het IST werkprogramma, of de politieke verklaring door
Liikanen voor het Europees Parlement [<a href="#8" name="ref8">8</a>] over Vrije
Software in openbare besturen.</p>
<p>Er zijn drie redenen waarom openbare besturen de ideale plaats zijn om te beginnen
met een overstap naar Vrije Software.</p>
<p>
Ten eerste, een bestuur dat niet-vrije software gebruikt, verplicht zijn burgers bijna om dezelfde
software te gebruiken, dit is een gevolg van het eerder vernoemde viraal-effect van niet-vrije
software. Aangezien het een ethische verplichting is van besturen om beschikbaar te zijn
voor al hun burgers, kunnen ze de keuze voor Vrije Software makkelijk verdedigen, ze willen
hun burgers immers niet in een schadelijk monopoly dwingen.</p>
<p>Ten tweede is er het financiële aspect, besturen hebben steeds te weinig geld, maar
vergooien een groot deel van hun IT-budget aan afzonderlijke lokale oplossingen, per
ministerie, per regio, ... Terwijl de problemen die opgelost moeten worden vaak
gelijklopend zijn en de oplossingen op grote schaal gebruikt zouden kunnen worden.</p>
<p>Tenslotte kan het gebruik van Vrije Software door openbare besturen een rolmodel zijn.
Het kan de burgers en bedrijven aanmoedigen om hun ongezonde afhankelijkheden achter
zich te laten en gewend te raken aan een nieuw model, waarin ze zelf economisch
en sociaal betrokken kunnen zijn.</p>
<p>Verschillende Europese regio's hebben reeds initiatieven genomen om Vrije Software
verplicht te maken voor de openbare administratie. De Commissie die zich met deze
zaken bezighoudt voor de Franstaligen in Brussel, sprak zich reeds op 11 februari 2003
positief uit over een soortgelijke regelgeving.</p>
<p>Zeker de Europese openbare administraties moeten Vrije Software verkiezen boven
niet-vrije software, en steeds gebruik maken van open standaarden waarvoor ook minstens
één Vrije Softwaretoepassing bestaat.</p>
<p>Waar ons belastinggeld ook wordt besteed, als we het uitgeven aan Vrije Software komt
het zeker ten goede aan de gemeenschap en de economie. Vroeger, toen dit geld vrijwel
uitsluitend aan niet-vrije software werd uitgegeven, was dit alleen in het voordeel van die
ene softwareverkoper en ten koste van de eigen samenleving en economie, vaak ging het
geld helemaal verloren.</p>
<p>Voor het migratieproces naar deze makkelijker te onderhouden aanpak, kunnen de
zogenoemde "Copyleft"-licenties &#8212;waarvan de GNU General Public
License (GPL)één van de meest bekende is&#8212; een goede basis vormen voor deze
projecten.</p>
<p>Dankzij deze licenties kan men garanderen dat de resultaten van al het geïnvesteerde geld
ten goede komen aan heel de economie en heel de samenleving, wat leidt naar een algemene groei
van de economische activiteit. Ze zullen een sterke rem vormen voor toekomstige pogingen
van een bedrijf om de oude gemonopoliseerde situatie te herstellen.</p>
<p><b>Een beleid voeren in het informatietijdperk</b></p>
<p>Zoals informatietechnologie invloed heeft op de hele economie en de hele samenleving,
heeft ook elke beleidsbeslissing een grote invloed op de mogelijkheden in het informatietijdperk.
Men moet binnen alle beleidsdomeinen bewust zijn van deze invloed.</p>
<p>Er zijn momenteel enkele politieke beslissingen en uitvoeringsbesluiten hangende die een
zeer negatieve invloed gaan hebben op de Europese concurrentiekracht. Deze moeten worden
voorkomen en/of afgeschaft als we de invloed van Europa willen vergroten.</p>
<p>Eén beleidskeuze die zowel vrije als niet-vrije Europese software in gevaar brengt, zijn
softwarepatenten. Patenten zijn een volledig ongeschikt concept voor software, ze dienen
andere belangen. De ervaring leert dat men in de Verenigde Staten, met hun nu al sterk
gedaalde innovatie, een zware prijs betaalt voor hun systeem met softwarepatenten.</p>
<p>Zoals Bill Gates reeds schreef in een interne memo: "Als mensen bij het ontwikkelen van
de meest gebruikte hedendaagse ideeën geweten hadden hoe patenten zouden worden
toegekend, en hun ideeën gepatenteerd hadden, dan zou onze hele industrie vandaag
volledig vastzitten. ... De oplossing is om zelf zoveel mogelijk te patenteren. Elk nieuw bedrijf
dat in de toekomst nog wil komen concurreren, maar zelf geen patenten heeft, zal verplicht
worden om het even welke prijs te betalen die de softwarereuzen vragen. Die prijs kan best
hoog zijn. Bestaande bedrijven hebben er alle belang bij om toekomstige concurrentie uit te
sluiten."[<a href="#9" name="ref9">9</a>]</p>
<p>Een andere zeer schadelijke wet is de European Copyright Directive (EUCD). Haar
VS broertje, de Digital Millenium Copyright Act (DMCA) werd daar reeds gebruikt door
groeperingen zoals Scientology om ongewenste websites te censureren. [<a href="#10" name="ref10">10</a>]
Gelijkaardige zaken kunnen ook in Europa verwacht worden.</p>
<p>Economisch gezien is de EUCD een maatregel tegen de concurrentie. Deze richtlijn maakt
elke omzeiling van wat men een beschermingsmaatregel beschouwt, illegaal. Het bedrijf dat
deze technische maatregel maakte, krijgt volledige controle over de markt, zij bepalen wie wel
en niet kan deelnemen in de markt die onder hun maatregel valt. Zij kunnen aan deze bedrijven
ook onbeperkt voorwaarden opleggen. </p>
<p>Een voorbeeld hiervan is de recente rechtszaak tegen de tiener Jon Johansen, waar de
vraag, of het aankopen van een DVD in een winkel, aan de koper ook het recht geeft om deze
DVD op zijn computer te bekijken, de kern van de zaak is geworden. De zware beperkingen die
de EUCD oplegt aan de vrije meningsuiting, aan de beroepskeuze en aan de rechten van de
werknemers, geeft haar anti-democratisch karakter. </p>
<p>Men is volop bezig om deze beleidskeuzes door te drukken, sommigen zijn reeds ingevoerd,
we moeten dit dringend stoppen en afvoeren, voor het nog meer schade toebrengt aan de
Europese economische competitiviteit. </p>
<p>Het nieuwste initiatief om de concurrentie in de markt nog verder te beperken heet
Palladium, en zijn hardware tegenhanger die werd voorgesteld door de TCPA. Dit initiatief, dat
zichzelf voorstelt als een project om computers betrouwbaarder te maken, kunnen we best
beschrijven als "Verraderlijk Computeren".[<a href="#11" name="ref11">11</a>]</p>
<p>Onder het voorwendsel om de veiligheid van computers te verbeteren, wil de TCPA
alle concepten en voorbeelden die concurreren met de monopoliehouders van het niet-vrije
sotwaremodel, elimineren. Opnieuw staat Europa in de hoek waar de klappen vallen.</p>
<h3>Samenvatting</h3>
<p>Vrije Software, als nieuw paradigma, geeft een stabiele, onderhoudbare en blijvende
benadering, met een grotere dynamiek en een verhoogde efficiëntie. De eerste regio die
dit implementeert en op grote schaal gebruikt wordt waarschijnlijk de leidende macht in het
informatietijdperk.</p>
<p>Op dit moment lijkt het weinig waarschijnlijk dat Vrije Software, niet-vrije software volledig
gaat vervangen. Maar door van Vrije Software het dominerende model te maken, kan
Europa verlost raken van haar afhankelijkheid van buitenlandse monopolisten, die momenteel
een weinig stabiele en zeer nadelige situatie creëren voor onze eigen Europese
informatie-industrie.</p>
<p>Europa zit in een unieke situatie, ze heeft momenteel veel Vrije Softwarecompetentie en
een groeiend netwerk van kleinere bedrijven die hun bedrijfsmodel richten naar of baseren op
Vrije Software. Ook veel van de oudere, traditionele Europese IT-bedrijven richten zich, soms
slechts gedeeltelijk, steeds meer op Vrije Software.</p>
<p>Als we dit verder uitbouwen, heeft Europa de potentie om uit te groeien tot de globale leider
van het informatietijdperk.</p>
<p>Als u nog vragen heeft, zal de FSF Europa[<a href="#12" name="ref12">12</a>] u graag
verder helpen.</p>
<pre>
[<a href="#ref1" name="1">1</a>] <a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>
[<a href="#ref2" name="2">2</a>] <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html</a>
[<a href="#ref3" name="3">3</a>] <a href="/documents/whyfs.html">http://fsfeurope.org/documents/whyfs.html</a>
[<a href="#ref4" name="4">4</a>] <a href="http://www.iprcommission.org">http://www.iprcommission.org</a>
[<a href="#ref5" name="5">5</a>] <a href="/projects/agnula/">http://fsfeurope.org/projects/agnula/</a>
[<a href="#ref6" name="6">6</a>] <a href="/documents/fp6/recommendation.html">http://fsfeurope.org/documents/fp6/recommendation.html</a>
[<a href="#ref7" name="7">7</a>] <a href="/projects/fla/">http://fsfeurope.org/projects/fla/</a>
[<a href="#ref8" name="8">8</a>]<a href="http://www3.europarl.eu.int/omk/omnsapir.so/cre?FILE=20021023r&amp;LANGUE=EN&amp;LEVEL=DOC&amp;NUMINT=3-188&amp;LEG=L5">http://www3.europarl.eu.int/omk/omnsapir.so/cre?FILE=20021023r&amp;LANGUE=EN&amp;LEVEL=DOC&amp;NUMINT=3-188&amp;LEG=L5</a>
[<a href="#ref9" name="9">9</a>] <a href="http://swpat.ffii.org/archive/quotes/index.en.html">http://swpat.ffii.org/archive/quotes/index.en.html</a>
[<a href="#ref10" name="10">10</a>] <a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/24533.html">http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/24533.html</a>
[<a href="#ref11" name="11">11</a>] <a href="http://www.counterpane.com/crypto-gram-0208.html#1">http://www.counterpane.com/crypto-gram-0208.html#1</a>
[<a href="#ref12" name="12">12</a>] <a href="/">http://fsfeurope.org</a>
</pre>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date: 2010-10-09 12:15:47 +0200 (sam. 09 oct. 2010) $ $Author: mk $</timestamp>
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<html>
<head>
<title>Maëlle Costa- FSFE</title>
<title>Maëlle Costa - FSFE</title>
</head>
<body>
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
<h2>Über Maëlle</h2>
<p>
Maëlle macht zur Zeit ein Praktikum bei der FSFE als Assistentin des Präsidenten der FSFE, Karsten Gerloff mit dem Schwerpunkt politische Angelegenheiten. Sie studiert Politikwissenschaften im deutsch-französischen Grunstudium im <em>Sciences Po Paris</em> und bereitet gleichzeitig ein Bachelor in Portugiesisch vor.
Maëlle macht zur Zeit ein Praktikum bei der FSFE als Assistentin des Präsidenten der FSFE, Karsten Gerloff mit dem Schwerpunkt politische Angelegenheiten. Sie studiert Politikwissenschaften im deutsch-französischen Grundstudium im <em>Sciences Po Paris</em> und bereitet gleichzeitig ein Bachelor in Portugiesisch vor.
</p>
<h2>Weitere Informationen über Maëlle Costa</h2>

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@ -17,15 +17,6 @@
<h3>Ανώτερος Σύμβουλος</h3>
<p>
C/O Opendawn<br />
1660-11 Busshozan-Cho Kou<br />
Takamatsu-Shi<br />
Kagawa-Ken<br />
761-8078<br />
Japan
</p>
<p>
Ηλεκτρονικό Ταχυδρομείο: <a href="mailto:coughlan@fsfeurope.org?subject=I%20want%20to%20talk%20to%20you%20about...">coughlan@fsfeurope.org</a> [<a href="publickey.asc">OpenPGP Key</a>]<br />
Τηλέφωνο: +81 (0) 90 9774 2404<br />

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@ -17,15 +17,6 @@
<h3>Senior Advisor</h3>
<p>
C/O Opendawn<br />
1660-11 Busshozan-Cho Kou<br />
Takamatsu-Shi<br />
Kagawa-Ken<br />
761-8078<br />
Japan
</p>
<p>
Email: <a href="mailto:coughlan@fsfeurope.org?subject=I%20want%20to%20talk%20to%20you%20about...">coughlan@fsfeurope.org</a> [<a href="publickey.asc">OpenPGP Key</a>]<br />
Tel: +81 (0) 90 9774 2404<br />

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<html>
<head>
<title>Mreža FSF*</title>
</head>
<body>
<p id="category"><a href="/about/about.html">O nama</a></p>
<h1>Mreža FSF*</h1>
<div class="image">
<img src="/graphics/FSF-Network.png" alt="Mreža FSF"/>
<p>
FSFE je jedna od četiriju organizacija u svijetu za slobodan softver.
</p>
</div>
<p>
Surađujemo s drugim međunarodnim grupama na promociji slobodnog softvera
na svakom kontinentu. Sljedeće organizacije su sestrinske organizacije
FSFE-a i dio su mreže slobodnog softvera. Svaka organizacija ima svoju
kulturnu pozadinu te je pravno, financijski i operativno
nezavisna.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
1985.: <a href="http://fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF) je
osnovan ubrzo nakon
<a href="/about/basics/gnuproject.html">projekta GNU</a> i prvi je svjetski formalni predstavnik i promotor slobodnog softvera.
</li>
<li>
2001.: Osnovan je Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE) kao druga
zaklada za slobodan softver.
</li>
<li>
2003.: Osnovan je
<a href="http://www.fsf.org.in/">Free Software Foundation India</a>
(FSFI).
</li>
<li>
2005.: Osnovan je
<a href="http://www.fsfla.org/">Free Software Foundation Latin America</a>
(FSFLA).
</li>
</ul>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date: 2010-11-02 09:27:31 +0100 (Tue, 02 Nov 2010) $ $Author: reinhard $</timestamp>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<html>
<head>
<title>La rete di FSF*</title>
</head>
<body>
<p id="category"><a href="/about/about.html">Informazioni</a></p>
<h1>La rete di FSF*</h1>
<div class="image">
<img src="/graphics/FSF-Network.png" alt="La rete di FSF"/>
<p>
FSFE è una delle quattro organizzazioni di Software Libero nel mondo.
</p>
</div>
<p>
Lavoriamo con altri gruppi internazionali per promuovere il Software Libero
in ogni continente. Le seguenti organizzazioni sono organizzazioni associate
della FSFE, e fanno parte della rete del Software Libero. Ogni organizzazione
ha la sua identità culturale, ed è indipendente a livello legale, finanziario
e operativo.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
1985: La
<a href="http://fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF) è stata
fondata poco dopo il
<a href="/about/basics/gnuproject.html">progetto GNU</a>, ed è stata la
prima organizzazione al mondo a rappresentare formalmente e a promuovere
il Software Libero.
</li>
<li>
2001: viene fondata la Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE) come seconda
Free Software Foundation.
</li>
<li>
2003:
viene fondata <a href="http://www.fsf.org.in/">Free Software Foundation India</a>
(FSFI).
</li>
<li>
2005:
viene fondata <a href="http://www.fsfla.org/">Free Software Foundation Latin America</a>
(FSFLA).
</li>
</ul>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date: 2010-01-25 18:00:18 +0100(lun, 25 gen 2010) $ $Author: reinhard $</timestamp>
<translator>Federico Bruni</translator>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<html>
<head>
<title>FSFE - Über uns - Gelder</title>
<title>Finanzfluss - FSFE</title>
</head>
<body>
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
<localmenu set="return" id="1">Überblick</localmenu>
<h1>Überblick des Finanzflusses der FSFE</h1>
<h1>Überblick über den Finanzfluss der FSFE</h1>
<p>Ihre <a href="/help/donate.html">Spenden</a> ermöglichen unsere Arbeit. Wir
möchten, dass Sie sich über den Verbleib der Gelder der vergangenen Jahre

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<html>
<head>
<title>FSFE - About - Funds</title>
<title>Funds - FSFE</title>
</head>
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<title>Karsten Gerloff - FSFE</title>
<meta name="description" content="About Karsten Gerloff, President of the Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE)" />
</head>
<body>
<div class="image right">
<img src="gerloff.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<h1>Karsten Gerloff</h1>
<h1>Karsten Gerloff</h1>
<ul>
<li>Πρόεδρος</li>
<li>Πρόεδρος</li>
</ul>
<h2>Επικοινωνία</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="mailto:gerloff@fsfeurope.org">gerloff@fsfeurope.org</a> (<a href="gerloff-public.asc">δημόσιο κλειδί)</a></li>
<li><a href="mailto:gerloff@fsfeurope.org">gerloff@fsfeurope.org</a> (<a href="gerloff-public.asc">δημόσιο κλειδί</a>)</li>
</ul>
<h2>Σχετικά με τον Karsten Gerloff</h2>
@ -100,14 +99,26 @@ Gerloff (2006). Διατριβή για το Μεταπτυχιακό Δίπλω
<li><a href="http://www.osor.eu/studies/andalusia-floss-as-a-tool-for-the-information">Andalusia: FLOSS as a tool for the information society</a> (May 2007) </li>
</ul>
<h3>Περισσότερες πληροφορίες για τον Karsten Gerloff</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://blogs.fsfe.org/gerloff/">Ιστολόγιο</a> <a href="http://blogs.fsfe.org/gerloff/?feed=rss2">[rss]</a></li>
<li><a href="http://identi.ca/karsten">Identi.ca feed</a> <a href="http://identi.ca/karsten/rss">[rss]</a>
<a href="http://identi.ca/api/statuses/user_timeline/karsten.atom">[atom]</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/in/karstengerloff">Προφίλ στο LinkedIn</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Βίντεο</h2>
<ul>
<li>
Power and Freedom (<a href="http://download.fsfe.org/torrents/TEDxEutropolis-Karsten_Gerloff-Power_and_Freedom.ogv.torrent">λήψη</a>)
στην εκδήλωση TEDx στην Eutropolis (χρειάζεστε
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent">bittorrent</a> για τη λήψη
του αρχείου· εναλλακτικά, μπορείτε να το δείτε στο
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNhlOlGInHE">youtube</a>).
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Περισσότερες πληροφορίες για τον Karsten Gerloff</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://blogs.fsfe.org/gerloff/">Ιστολόγιο</a></li>
<li><a href="http://identi.ca/karsten">Identi.ca feed</a></li>
<li><a
href="http://www.linkedin.com/in/karstengerloff">Προφίλ στο LinkedIn</a></li>
</ul>
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<h2>Contact</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="mailto:gerloff@fsfeurope.org">gerloff@fsfeurope.org</a> (<a href="gerloff-public.asc">public key)</a></li>
<li><a href="mailto:gerloff@fsfeurope.org">gerloff@fsfeurope.org</a> (<a href="gerloff-public.asc">public key</a>)</li>
</ul>
<h2>About Karsten Gerloff</h2>
@ -115,15 +115,15 @@ Gerloff (2006). Masters' thesis. (<a href="a2k.netsoc.tar.gz">LaTeX source</a>)
<h2>Videos</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://download.fsfe.org/torrents/TEDxEutropolis-Karsten_Gerloff-Power_and_Freedom.ogv.torrent">Power and Freedom</a> at the TEDx event in Eutropolis (you need <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent">bittorrent</a> to download this file.)</li>
<li>Power and Freedom (<a href="http://download.fsfe.org/torrents/TEDxEutropolis-Karsten_Gerloff-Power_and_Freedom.ogv.torrent">download</a>) at the TEDx event in Eutropolis (you need <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent">bittorrent</a> to download this file; alternatively, you can watch in on <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNhlOlGInHE">youtube</a>).</li>
</ul>
<h2>Further information about Karsten Gerloff</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://blogs.fsfe.org/gerloff/">Blog</a> <a href="http://blogs.fsfe.org/gerloff/?feed=rss2">[rss]</a></li>
<li><a href="http://identi.ca/karsten">Identi.ca feed</a> <a href="http://identi.ca/karsten/rss">[rss]</a><a href="http://identi.ca/api/statuses/user_timeline/karsten.atom">[atom]</a></li>
<li><a href="http://blogs.fsfe.org/gerloff/">Blog</a></li>
<li><a href="http://identi.ca/karsten">Identi.ca feed</a></li>
<li><a
href="http://www.linkedin.com/in/karstengerloff">LinkedIn profile</a></li>
</ul>

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@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<html>
<head>
<title>FSFE - Logotip i ilustracije</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Logotip i ilustracije</h1>
<h2>Pokroviteljski gumbi</h2>
<p>
Kako bi svojim <a href="/help/thankgnus.html">donatorima</a> dao
mogućnost da javno obznane svoj doprinos, FSFE ima
<a href="sponsoring/sponsoring.html">pokroviteljske gumbe</a>.
</p>
<h2>Logotip</h2>
<p style="text-align:center">
<img src="logo.png" border="0" alt="logo"/>
<br />
vektorski format: [<a href="logo.svg">svg</a>]
</p>
<p style="text-align:center">
<img src="stars.png" border="0" alt="stars"/>
<br />
vektorski format: [<a href="stars.svg">svg</a>]
</p>
<h3>Uvjeti korištenja</h3>
<p>
FSFE-ov logotip ne smijete koristiti na način koji bi se mogao protumačiti
kao FSFE-ova podrška određenim aktivnostima, web-stranicama, proizvodima
ili entitetima bez prethodnog odobrenja FSFE-a. Molimo kontaktirajte
&lt;<a href="mailto:team@fsfeurope.org?subject=Logo">team@fsfeurope.org</a>&gt;
ako želite saznati je li namjena prikladna i prihvatljiva za
određeni kontekst.
</p>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date: 2010-11-02 09:27:31 +0100 (Tue, 02 Nov 2010) $ $Author: reinhard $</timestamp>
</html>
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mode: xml ***
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-->

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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
<img src="greve.jpg" border="0" alt="[ Picture of Georg Greve ]" align="right"/>
<h1 align="left">Georg C. F. Greve</h1>
<h2>Βιογραφικό Σημείωμα</h2>
<b>(Ενημέρωση: Μάρτιος 2010)</b>
<b>(Ενημέρωση: Νοέμβριος 2010)</b>
<p>Ο Georg C. F. Greve γεννήθηκε το 1973 στο Helgoland, Γερμανία. Η καριέρα του
ώς αυτοδίδακτου προγραματιστή λογισμικού ξεκίνησε γύρω στα 1987 με τη συμμετοχή
@ -118,11 +118,19 @@ ODBA από τον Φεβρουάριο του 2010.</p>
πολλές διαλέξεις, κεντρικές ομιλίες και σεμινάρια που απευθύνονται σε ένα ευρύ
ακροατήριο ανά τον κόσμο.</p>
<p>Στις 18 Δεκεμβρίου 2009 απονεμήθηκε ο Ομοσπονδιακός Σταυρός του
Τάγματος της Αξίας σε κορδέλα από την Ομοσπονδιακή Δημοκρατία της
Γερμανίας στον Georg Greve για τα επιτεύγματά του στο Ελεύθερο
Λογισμικό και τα Ανοικτά Πρότυπα. Η τελετή έγινε τον Μάιο του 2010
στην πρεσβεία της Γερμανίας στη Βέρνη.
</p>
<p>Η τρέχουσα κύρια απασχόλησή του είναι αυτή του CEO &amp; Προέδρου του ΔΣ
της <a href="http://kolabsys.com">Kolab Systems AG</a>, οικία του
Software Kolab Groupware Solution.</p>
<p>Ο κ. Greve είναι παντρεμένος και τώρα ζει στο Küsnacht κοντά στη Ζυρίχη, στην Ελβετία.</p>
<p>Ο κ. Greve είναι παντρεμένος με δύο παιδιά και ζει στο Küsnacht
κοντά στη Ζυρίχη, στην Ελβετία.</p>
<h3>Περισσότερες πληροφορίες για τον Georg Greve</h3>
<ul>

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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
<img src="greve.jpg" border="0" alt="[ Picture of Georg Greve ]" align="right"/>
<h1 align="left">Georg C. F. Greve</h1>
<h2>Curriculum Vitae</h2>
<b>(State: March 2010)</b>
<b>(State: November 2010)</b>
<p>Georg C. F. Greve was born 1973 on Helgoland, Germany. His career as a
self-taught software developer began around 1987 through participation
@ -115,11 +115,16 @@ English and German, and a seasoned speaker with experience gathered
during many speeches, keynotes and seminars addressing a wide variety
of audiences around the world.</p>
<p>On 18 December 2009 Georg Greve was awarded the Federal Cross of
Merit on ribbon by the Federal Republic of Germany for his
achievements in Free Software and Open Standards. The ceremony was
held May 2010 in the German embassy in Berne.</p>
<p>His current primary occupation is as CEO &amp; President of the
Board at <a href="http://kolabsys.com">Kolab Systems AG</a>, home of the Free
Software Kolab Groupware Solution.</p>
<p>Mr Greve is married and lives in Küsnacht near Zürich in Switzerland.</p>
<p>Mr Greve is married, with two children and lives in Küsnacht near Zürich in Switzerland.</p>
<h3>More information about Georg Greve</h3>
<ul>

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@ -6,14 +6,20 @@
</head>
<body>
<div class="image right">
<img src="greve.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<img src="greve.jpg" border="0" alt="[ Bild von Georg Greve ]"
align="right" />
<h1 align="left">Georg C. F. Greve</h1>
<h2>Gründer</h2>
<h2>Präsident (2001 bis 2009)</h2>
<h3>greve@fsfeurope.org</h3> <a
href="greve-public.asc">[ public key ]</a>
<h1>Georg C. F. Greve</h1>
<ul>
<li>Gründer</li>
<li>Präsident (2001 bis 2009)</li>
</ul>
<h2>Kontakt</h2>
<ul><li>greve@fsfeurope.org (<a
href="greve-public.asc">[ public key ]</a>)</li></ul>
<h2>Über Georg Greve</h2>
@ -43,6 +49,15 @@ Freie-Software-Groupware-Lösung Kolab.</p>
<p>Weitere Details finden Sie in seinem vollständigen <a
href="cv.html">Lebenslauf</a> (<a href="Greve-CV.pdf">englische PDF-Version</a>).</p>
<h2>Auszeichnungen und Ehrungen</h2>
<p>Am 18 Dezember 2009 wurde Georg Greve das Bundesverdienstkreuz
am Bande der Bundesrepublik Deutschland für seine besonderen
Verdienste um Freie Software und Offene Standards verliehen. Die
Zeremonie fand im Mai 2010 in der Deutschen Botschaft in Bern
statt.
</p>
<h2>Veröffentlichungen</h2>
<p>Auswahl von Veröffentlichungen von Herrn Greve während seiner Arbeit

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@ -46,6 +46,15 @@ CEO &amp; Πρόεδρος του ΔΣ στην <a href="http://kolabsys.com">Ko
<p>Για περισσότερες λεπτομέρειες δείτε το πλήρες <a href="cv.html">Βιογραφικό</a>
ή την <a href="Greve-CV.pdf">PDF έκδοση</a>.</p>
<h2>Διακρίσεις και Βραβεύσεις</h2>
<p>Στις 18 Δεκεμβρίου 2009 απονεμήθηκε ο Ομοσπονδιακός Σταυρός του
Τάγματος της Αξίας σε κορδέλα από την Ομοσπονδιακή Δημοκρατία της
Γερμανίας στον Georg Greve για τα επιτεύγματά του στο Ελεύθερο
Λογισμικό και τα Ανοικτά Πρότυπα. Η τελετή έγινε τον Μάιο του 2010
στην πρεσβεία της Γερμανίας στη Βέρνη.
</p>
<h2>Δημοσιεύσεις</h2>
<p>Επιλογή από δημοσιεύσεις του Georg Greve κατά την εργασία του στο Ευρωπαϊκό

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@ -57,6 +57,14 @@
CV.
</p>
<h2>Honors and Awards</h2>
<p>On 18 December 2009 Georg Greve was awarded the Federal Cross
of Merit on ribbon by the Federal Republic of Germany for his
achievements in Free Software and Open Standards. The ceremony was
held May 2010 in the German embassy in Berne.
</p>
<h2>Publications</h2>
<p>

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@ -6,13 +6,17 @@
</head>
<body>
<div class="image right">
<img src="greve.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<img src="greve.jpg" border="0" alt="[ Picture of Georg Greve ]" align="right" />
<h1 align="left">Georg C. F. Greve</h1>
<h2>Fondateur</h2>
<h2>Président (2001-2009)</h2>
<h3>greve@fsfeurope.org</h3>
<a href="greve-public.asc">[ public key ]</a>
<h1>Georg C. F. Greve</h1>
<ul><li>Fondateur</li>
<li>Président (2001-2009)</li></ul>
<h2>Contact</h2>
<ul><li>greve@fsfeurope.org (<a href="greve-public.asc">[clé publique]</a>)</li></ul>
<h2>À propos de Georg Greve</h2>

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@ -6,12 +6,16 @@
</head>
<body>
<div class="image right">
<img src="greve.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<h1>Georg C. F. Greve</h1>
<h2>Contact</h2>
<ul><li>greve@fsfeurope.org (<a
href="http://gnuhh.org/greve-public.asc">[ nyilvános kulcs ]</a>)</li></ul>
<div align="right">
<img src="greve.jpg" border="0" alt="[ Georg Greve fotója ]" />
<h1>Georg C. F. Greve</h1><h3>Elnök</h3><h3>greve@fsfeurope.org</h3> <a
href="http://gnuhh.org/greve-public.asc">[ nyilvános kulcs ]</a>
</div>
<h4>2001 januárja óta teljes munkaidőben az FSFE-nek dolgozik</h4>

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@ -6,13 +6,17 @@
</head>
<body>
<div class="image right">
<img src="greve.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<img src="greve.jpg" border="0" alt="[ Foto di Georg Greve ]" align="right" />
<h1 align="left">Georg C. F. Greve</h1>
<h2>Fondatore</h2>
<h2>Presidente (2001-2009)</h2>
<h3>greve@fsfeurope.org</h3>
<a href="greve-public.asc">[ chiave pubblica ]</a>
<h1>Georg C. F. Greve</h1>
<ul><li>Fondatore</li>
<li>Presidente (2001-2009)</li></ul>
<h2>Contatto</h2>
<ul><li>greve@fsfeurope.org (<a href="greve-public.asc">[ chiave pubblica ]</a>)</li></ul>
<h2>Informazioni su Georg Greve</h2>

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@ -6,14 +6,17 @@
</head>
<body>
<img src="greve.jpg" border="0"
alt="[ Picture of Georg Greve ]"
align="right"/>
<div class="image right">
<img src="greve.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<h1>Georg C. F. Greve</h1>
<h2>Oprichter</h2>
<h2>Voorzitter (2001- 2009)</h2>
<h3>greve@fsfeurope.org</h3>
<a href="greve-public.asc">[ public key ]</a>
<ul><li>Oprichter</li>
<li>Voorzitter (2001- 2009)</li></ul>
<h2>Contact</h2>
<ul><li>greve@fsfeurope.org (<a href="greve-public.asc">[ public key ]</a>)</li></ul>
<h2>Over Georg Greve</h2>

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@ -1,98 +1,98 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1" ?>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<html>
<head>
<title>FSF Europe - Preâmbulo</title>
<title>FSF Europe - Preâmbulo</title>
</head>
<body>
<div align="center">
<h2>Preâmbulo da Free Software Foundation Europe</h2>
<h2>Preâmbulo da Free Software Foundation Europe</h2>
Georg C. F. Greve &lt;<a href="mailto:greve@gnu.org">greve@gnu.org</a>&gt;
<br/>
</div>
<p>
Ao entrarmos na era digital, na qual o espaço real e o espaço virtual irão
ambos influenciar o desenvolvimento social, cultural e científico da
humanidade, novos desafios se avizinham. Dar resposta a estes desafios é o
Ao entrarmos na era digital, na qual o espaço real e o espaço virtual irão
ambos influenciar o desenvolvimento social, cultural e científico da
humanidade, novos desafios se avizinham. Dar resposta a estes desafios é o
objectivo a longo prazo da Free Software Foundation Europe.
</p>
<p>
A função principal da FSFE será a contribuição desinteressada para o progresso
do Software Livre (em inglês, "Free Software"), bem como formular e disseminar
as questões filosóficas e sociais que lhe estão associadas.
A função principal da FSFE será a contribuição desinteressada para o progresso
do Software Livre (em inglês, "Free Software"), bem como formular e disseminar
as questões filosóficas e sociais que lhe estão associadas.
</p>
<p>
Tendo as suas raízes na Free Software Foundation fundada por Richard M.
Stallman nos Estados Unidos da América, a FSF Europe irá unir esforços com
a sua organização irmã para a prossecução dos objectivos que as unem.
A FSF, organização sem fins lucrativos sediada nos EUA, dedica-se desde 1984
à divulgação e distribuição de software Livre, em particular do Sistema-GNU,
um sistema operativo tipo Unix. Este sistema é conhecido principalmente por uma
das suas variantes, GNU/Linux, que está a ser utilizado com sucesso em vários
Tendo as suas raízes na Free Software Foundation fundada por Richard M.
Stallman nos Estados Unidos da América, a FSF Europe irá unir esforços com
a sua organização irmã para a prossecução dos objectivos que as unem.
A FSF, organização sem fins lucrativos sediada nos EUA, dedica-se desde 1984
à divulgação e distribuição de software Livre, em particular do Sistema-GNU,
um sistema operativo tipo Unix. Este sistema é conhecido principalmente por uma
das suas variantes, GNU/Linux, que está a ser utilizado com sucesso em vários
computadores desde 1993.
</p>
<p>
O termo "Software Livre" é a tradução do termo inglês "Free Software". O termo
em inglês é ambíguo uma vez que a palavra "Free" tem dois significados; livre
e grátis. Embora em português este problema não se coloque, é no entanto
O termo "Software Livre" é a tradução do termo inglês "Free Software". O termo
em inglês é ambíguo uma vez que a palavra "Free" tem dois significados; livre
e grátis. Embora em português este problema não se coloque, é no entanto
conveniente esclarecer que o conceito de Software Livre utilizado pela FSF
Europe engloba as seguintes quatro liberdades:
</p>
<ul>
<li> 1ª liberdade: a liberdade de utilizar um programa para qualquer objectivo</li>
<li> 2ª liberdade: a liberdade de estudar o programa e de o adaptar às
<li> 1ª liberdade: a liberdade de utilizar um programa para qualquer objectivo</li>
<li> 2ª liberdade: a liberdade de estudar o programa e de o adaptar às
suas necessidades</li>
<li> 3ª liberdade: a liberdade de efectuar cópias para terceiros</li>
<li> 4º liberdade: a liberdade de melhorar um programa e partilhar
esses melhoramentos com terceiros, em benefício de toda a
<li> 3ª liberdade: a liberdade de efectuar cópias para terceiros</li>
<li> 4º liberdade: a liberdade de melhorar um programa e partilhar
esses melhoramentos com terceiros, em benefício de toda a
comunidade.</li>
</ul>
<p>
Esta definição de Software Livre é inspirada no conceito da livre troca de
Esta definição de Software Livre é inspirada no conceito da livre troca de
conhecimentos e ideias que tradicionalmente se encontra na comunidade
científica. O software, tal como o pensamento, é uma entidade imaterial que
científica. O software, tal como o pensamento, é uma entidade imaterial que
pode ser duplicada sem perdas. A sua partilha alimenta um processo evolutivo
de desenvolvimento contínuo de ideias e de software.
de desenvolvimento contínuo de ideias e de software.
</p>
<p>
Apenas o Software Livre permite a possibilidade de estudar e aperfeiçoar
resultados científicos. Para os cientistas, este é o único tipo de software
que corresponde aos ideais de uma ciência
Apenas o Software Livre permite a possibilidade de estudar e aperfeiçoar
resultados científicos. Para os cientistas, este é o único tipo de software
que corresponde aos ideais de uma ciência
livre. O desenvolvimento do Software Livre contribui, portanto, para o
desenvolvimento da ciência.
desenvolvimento da ciência.
</p>
<p>
A disseminação de informação e a formação de opiniões, são cada vez mais
efectuadas através de meios digitais. É reconhecida a importância que estes
meios têm ao possibilitar uma participação mais directa do cidadão no processo
democrático. Uma das actividades principais da FSF Europe será a formação de
cidadãos nas tecnologias digitais, contribuindo assim para a consolidação da democracia.
A disseminação de informação e a formação de opiniões, são cada vez mais
efectuadas através de meios digitais. É reconhecida a importância que estes
meios têm ao possibilitar uma participação mais directa do cidadão no processo
democrático. Uma das actividades principais da FSF Europe será a formação de
cidadãos nas tecnologias digitais, contribuindo assim para a consolidação da democracia.
</p>
<p>
O espaço digital ("ciber-espaço"), onde o software é o meio e a linguagem,
possui um enorme potencial no desenvolvimento de todos os domínios de
interesse espiritual e cultural da humanidade. Ao tornar este meio disponível
O espaço digital ("ciber-espaço"), onde o software é o meio e a linguagem,
possui um enorme potencial no desenvolvimento de todos os domínios de
interesse espiritual e cultural da humanidade. Ao tornar este meio disponível
e aberto a todos, o Software Livre garante a igualdade de oportunidades e a
protecção da privacidade.
protecção da privacidade.
</p>
<p>
A sensibilização de todos os quadrantes da sociedade para os problemas
relacionados com a era digital é um dos objectivos de longo prazo e uma
característica crucial do trabalho da FSF Europe.
A sensibilização de todos os quadrantes da sociedade para os problemas
relacionados com a era digital é um dos objectivos de longo prazo e uma
característica crucial do trabalho da FSF Europe.
</p>
<p>
A FSF Europe tentará a aumentar a utilização de Software Livre nas escolas
e universidades, de modo a complementar a educação tradicional no espaço
real com a sensibilização para as características e problemas do
espaço virtual.
A FSF Europe tentará a aumentar a utilização de Software Livre nas escolas
e universidades, de modo a complementar a educação tradicional no espaço
real com a sensibilização para as características e problemas do
espaço virtual.
</p>
<p>
O Software Livre garante resultados e processos de tomada de decisão
transparentes nas ciências e na vida pública, assim como garante o direito do
indivíduo ao livre desenvolvimento da sua personalidade e liberdade de
opinião. É missão da FSF Europe levar o Software Livre a todas as áreas relacionadas
com a vida pública e com os "direitos humanos à informação" dos cidadãos.
O Software Livre garante resultados e processos de tomada de decisão
transparentes nas ciências e na vida pública, assim como garante o direito do
indivíduo ao livre desenvolvimento da sua personalidade e liberdade de
opinião. É missão da FSF Europe levar o Software Livre a todas as áreas relacionadas
com a vida pública e com os "direitos humanos à informação" dos cidadãos.
</p>
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@ -5,12 +5,13 @@
<title>FSFE - Περίγραμμα - Christian Holz</title>
</head>
<body>
<img src="holz.png" width="241" height="316" border="0" alt="[ Picture of Christian Holz ]" align="right" />
<div class="image right">
<img src="holz.jpg" alt=""/>
</div>
<h1 align="left">Christian Holz</h1>
<h2>Εκτελεστικός Διευθυντής (2009-σήμερα)</h2>
<img src="holzemail.png" alt="[ Email address ]" />
<br />
<a href="holz-public.asc">[ δημόσιο κλειδί ]</a>
<img src="holzemail.png" alt="[ Email address ]" /> (<a href="holz-public.asc">δημόσιο κλειδί</a>)
<h2>Σχετικά με τον Christian Holz</h2>

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@ -2,35 +2,65 @@
<html>
<head>
<title>FSFE - About - Christian Holz</title>
<title>Christian Holz - FSFE</title>
</head>
<body>
<img src="holz.png" width="241" height="316" border="0" alt="[ Picture of Christian Holz ]" align="right" />
<h1 align="left">Christian Holz</h1>
<h2>Executive Director (2009-present)</h2>
<img src="holzemail.png" alt="[ Email address ]" />
<br />
<a href="holz-public.asc">[ public key ]</a>
<div class="image right">
<img src="holz.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<h1>Christian Holz</h1>
<p>Executive Director (2009-present)</p>
<p>
<a href="mailto:holz@fsfeurope.org">holz@fsfeurope.org</a> (<a
href="holz-public.asc">public key</a>)
</p>
<h2>About Christian Holz</h2>
<p>Christian Holz has been working in the IT and IT-related industries since 1989. Starting his own IT Service company while still in the German form
of a high-school, he supported local businesses in the move from typewriters and photocopy machines to PCs and desktop publishing and eventually
built and managed basic networks for them. Fascinated by IT and what it can do for an organization, he went on to study business administration with
a strong focus on Information Systems and Software Development. Fresh out of university, he became the technical leader of a small Internet Startup
called inTouch GmbH, which grew into a pan-European web-development and hosting company (then called Integra S.A. and Genuity Europe). From there
he moved on to join PricewaterhouseCoopers' IT/IT-Security advisory practice in Frankfurt and Philadelphia, managing projects and supporting clients
in tasks ranging from penetration tests and code-reviews all the way to outsourcing and due-diligence work. </p>
<p>
Christian Holz has been working in the IT and IT-related
industries since 1989. Starting his own IT Service company while
still in the German form of a high-school, he supported local
businesses in the move from typewriters and photocopy machines to
PCs and desktop publishing and eventually built and managed basic
networks for them. Fascinated by IT and what it can do for an
organization, he went on to study business administration with a
strong focus on Information Systems and Software Development.
Fresh out of university, he became the technical leader of a small
Internet Startup called inTouch GmbH, which grew into a
pan-European web-development and hosting company (then called
Integra S.A. and Genuity Europe). From there he moved on to join
PricewaterhouseCoopers' IT/IT-Security advisory practice in
Frankfurt and Philadelphia, managing projects and supporting
clients in tasks ranging from penetration tests and code-reviews
all the way to outsourcing and due-diligence work.
</p>
<p>Since 2006, Christian has been running his own company, Callowhill GmbH, providing IT and management consulting services. His largest clients included a global
music publishing firm, where he started to understand the inner workings of copyrights and their related laws as well as a large pharmaceutical
company that he has been supporting in various IT- and strategy-related projects.</p>
<p>
Since 2006, Christian has been running his own company, Callowhill
GmbH, providing IT and management consulting services. His largest
clients included a global music publishing firm, where he started
to understand the inner workings of copyrights and their related
laws as well as a large pharmaceutical company that he has been
supporting in various IT- and strategy-related projects.
</p>
<p>Christian joined the FSFE as its Executive Director in June 2009.</p>
<p>
Christian joined the FSFE as its Executive Director in June 2009.
</p>
<p>For more detail, please request his full Curriculum Vitae via his email address or review the publicly available profiles listed below.</p>
<p>
For more detail, please request his full Curriculum Vitae via his
email address or review the publicly available profiles listed
below.
</p>
<h3>More information about Christian Holz</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.xing.com/profile/Christian_Holz">XING Profile</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/pub/christian-holz/0/12a/a80">LinkedIn Profile</a></li>

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@ -5,12 +5,13 @@
<title>FSFE - À propos de - Christian Holz</title>
</head>
<body>
<img src="holz.png" width="241" height="316" border="0" alt="[ Photo de Christian Holz ]" align="right" />
<div class="image right">
<img src="holz.jpg" alt=""/>
</div>
<h1 align="left">Christian Holz</h1>
<h2>Directeur Général (depuis 2009)</h2>
<img src="holzemail.png" alt="[Adresse courriel ]" />
<br />
<a href="holz-public.asc">[ public key ]</a>
<img src="holzemail.png" alt="[Adresse courriel ]" /> (<a href="holz-public.asc">public key</a>)
<h2>À propos de Christian Holz</h2>

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<title>FSFE - Over FSFE - Christian Holz</title>
</head>
<body>
<img src="holz.png" width="241" height="316" border="0" alt="[ Picture of Christian Holz ]" align="right" />
<div class="image right">
<img src="holz.jpg" alt=""/>
</div>
<h1 align="left">Christian Holz</h1>
<h2>Uitvoerend directeur (2009-nu)</h2>
<img src="holzemail.png" alt="[ Email address ]" />
<br />
<a href="holz-public.asc">[ public key ]</a>
<img src="holzemail.png" alt="[ Email address ]" /> (<a href="holz-public.asc">public key</a>)
<h2>About Christian Holz</h2>

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@ -5,12 +5,13 @@
<title>ЕФСПО О нас Кристиан Хольц</title>
</head>
<body>
<img src="holz.png" width="241" height="316" border="0" alt="[ Фотография Кристиана Хольца ]" align="right" />
<div class="image right">
<img src="holz.jpg" alt=""/>
</div>
<h1 align="left">Кристиан Хольц</h1>
<h2>Исполнительный директор (с 2009 года по настоящее время)</h2>
<img src="holzemail.png" alt="[ Электронная почта ]" />
<br />
<a href="holz-public.asc">[ открытый (криптографический) ключ ]</a>
<img src="holzemail.png" alt="[ Электронная почта ]" /> (<a href="holz-public.asc">открытый (криптографический) ключ</a>)
<h2>О Кристиане Хольце</h2>

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@ -1,49 +1,55 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<html>
<head>
<title>Matthias Kirschner - FSFE</title>
</head>
<body>
<img src="kirschner.jpg" border="0" alt="[ Bild von Matthias Kirschner ]" align="right" />
<h1 align="left">Matthias Kirschner</h1>
<ul>
<li>Deutschland-Koordinator (2009-heute)</li>
<li>Fellowship Koordinator (2007-heute)</li>
<li>Stellvertretender Deutschland-Koordinator (2007-2009)</li>
<li>Freiwilliger des Deutsches Teams (2004-2007)</li>
<li>Assistent des Präsidenten (2004-2005)</li>
</ul>
<head>
<title>Matthias Kirschner - FSFE</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="image right">
<img src="kirschner.jpg" border="0" alt="[ Bild von Matthias Kirschner ]" />
</div>
<h1>Matthias Kirschner</h1>
<h2>Kontakt</h2>
<!--
<ul>
<li>Deutschland-Koordinator (2009-heute)</li>
<li>Fellowship Koordinator (2007-heute)</li>
<li>Stellvertretender Deutschland-Koordinator (2007-2009)</li>
<li>Freiwilliger des Deutsches Teams (2004-2007)</li>
<li>Assistent des Präsidenten (2004-2005)</li>
</ul>
-->
<ul>
<li>Linienstr. 141, 10115 Berlin, Germany</li>
<li>Telefon: +49-30-27595290</li>
<li>Mobil: +49-1577-1780003 </li>
<li>E-Mail: <a href="mailto:mk@fsfe.org">mk@fsfe.org</a></li>
<li>Jabber: mk@jabber.fsfe.org</li>
<li><a href="http://www.gnupg.org">GnuPG</a>-Schlüssel: <a href="kirschner-public.asc">8EF520D1</a></li>
</ul>
<address>
Linienstr. 141, 10115 Berlin, Deutschland<br />
Telefon: +49-30-27595290<br />
Mobil: +49-1577-1780003 <br />
E-Mail: <a href="mailto:mk@fsfe.org">mk@fsfe.org</a><br />
<a href="http://www.gnupg.org/">GnuPG</a>-Key: <a href="kirschner-public.asc">8EF520D1</a><br />
Jabber: mk@jabber.fsfe.org<br />
Weblog: <a href="http://blogs.fsfe.org/mk">"I love it here"</a><br />
Microblog: <a href="http://identi.ca/kirschner">Microblog auf Identi.ca</a><br />
</address>
<h2>Über Matthias</h2>
<h2>Über Matthias</h2>
<p>Matthias ist FSFEs <a
href="http://fellowship.fsfe.org">Fellowship</a>-Koordinator und
der Koordinator des deutschen Teams. Er hat an der Universität Konstanz
(Vordiplom) und der Universtität Potsdam (Diplom) Politik- und
Verwaltungswissenschaften studiert. Seine Diplomarbeit beschäftigte sich
mit dem Thema <em>IT-Koordinierung in den Obersten Bundesbehörden</em>.</p>
<p>Matthias ist unser <a href="http://fellowship.fsfe.org">Fellowship</a>-Koordinator und auch der Koordinator des deutschen Teams. Er benutzt <a
href="/freesoftware/basics/gnuproject.html">GNU</a>/Linux seit 1999. Sehr bald interessierte er sich für die politischen und sozialen Aspekte der freien Software. Daher entschied er sich Politik und Management an der Universität Konstanz (Vordiplom) und der Universität Potsdam (Diplom) zu studieren. Nachdem er der <a href="/contribute/internship.html">erste Praktikant bei der FSFE</a> im Jahre 2004 war, setzte er seine Arbeit für uns als Freiwilliger fort. 2009 stellte er seine Diplomarbeit zum Thema <em>IT-Koordinierung in den Obersten Bundesbehörden</em> fertig und begann vollzeit für die FSFE zu arbeiten.</p>
<p>Matthias benutzt seit 1999 GNU/Linux. Er experimentiert gerne mit
Fenstermanagern und seinem E-Mail-Setup.</p>
<p>Neben <a href="/projects/work.html">anderen politischen Themen</a> leitete bzw. leitet Matthias unsere <a
href="/campaigns/valentine-2010/valentine-2010.html">"Ich liebe freie Software"</a> Kampagne, die <a href="/projects/btw09/btw09.html">"Frage Deine Kandidaten"</a> Kampagne für die Deutsche Bundestagswahl 2009 und die <a href="/campaigns/pdfreaders/pdfreaders.html">Freie PDF-Betrachter</a> Kampagne. Er ist ebenfalls ein Mitglied der <a
href="http://www.cio.bund.de/cln_164/DE/Standards/SAGA/saga_node.html">SAGA
Expertengruppe des deutschen Innenministeriums</a>.</p>
<h2>Mehr Informationen</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://blogs.fsfe.org/mk">Weblog "I love it here"</a> <a href="http://blogs.fsfe.org/mk/?feed=rss2">[rss]</a></li>
<li><a href="http://identi.ca/kirschner">Mikroblog auf Identi.ca</a> <a href="http://identi.ca/kirschner/rss">[rss]</a><a href="http://identi.ca/api/statuses/user_timeline/kirschner.atom">[atom]</a></li>
</ul>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date$ $Author$</timestamp>
<p>Neben dem Schreiben seines <a href="http://blogs.fsfe.org/mk">Weblogs "I love it here"</a> ist er seit <a href="/news/nl/nl-201006.html">Juni 2010</a> für <a href="/news/newsletter.html">den monatlichen FSFE Newsletter</a> verantwortlich und schreibt im deutschen Blog <a href="http://www.netzpolitik.org">Netzpolitik.org</a> über Freie Software.</p>
<p>Sie können <a href="http://wiki.fsfe.org/Audio">Interviews</a>, einige <a href="http://wiki.fsfe.org/Video">Videoaufnahmen</a> und <a
href="http://wiki.fsfe.org/Transcripts">Transkripte</a> mit Matthias im <a href="http://wiki.fsfe.org">Fellowship Wiki</a> finden.</p>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date$ $Author$</timestamp>
<translator>Onsemeliot</translator>
</html>
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@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
<img src="kirschner.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<h1>Matthias Kirschner</h1>
<!--
<ul>
<li>Συντονιστής για τη Γερμανική ομάδα (2009-σήμερα)</li>
<li>Συντονιστής για την Κοινότητα (2007-σήμερα)</li>
@ -15,38 +17,61 @@
<li>Εθελοντής στη Γερμανική ομάδα (2004-2007)</li>
<li>Βοηθός του προέδρου (2004-2005)</li>
</ul>
-->
<h2>Επικοινωνία</h2>
<address>
Linienstr. 141, 10115 Berlin, Germany<br />
Τηλέφωνο: +49-30-27595290<br />
Κινητό: +49-1577-1780003 <br />
Ηλεκτρονικό ταχυδρομείο: <a href="mailto:mk@fsfe.org">mk@fsfe.org</a><br />
<a href="http://www.gnupg.org">GnuPG</a>-Κλειδί: <a href="kirschner-public.asc">8EF520D1</a><br />
Jabber: mk@jabber.fsfe.org<br />
Ιστολόγιο: <a href="http://blogs.fsfe.org/mk">"I love it here"</a><br />
Μικρο-ιστολόγιο: <a href="http://identi.ca/kirschner">Μικρο-ιστολόγιο στο Identi.ca</a><br />
</address>
<ul>
<li>Linienstr. 141, 10115 Berlin, Germany</li>
<li>Τηλέφωνο: +49-30-27595290</li>
<li>Κινητό: +49-1577-1780003 </li>
<li>Ηλεκτρονικό ταχυδρομείο: <a href="mailto:mk@fsfe.org">mk@fsfe.org</a></li>
<li>Jabber: mk@jabber.fsfe.org</li>
<li><a href="http://www.gnupg.org">GnuPG</a>-Κλειδί: <a href="kirschner-public.asc">8EF520D1</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Σχετικά με τον Matthias</h2>
<h2>Σχετικά με τον Matthias</h2>
<p>Ο Matthias είναι ο Συντονιστής μας για την
<a href="http://fellowship.fsfe.org">Κοινότητα</a> και ο
Συντονιστής της Γερμανικής ομάδας. Χρησιμοποιεί
<a href="/freesoftware/basics/gnuproject.html">GNU</a>/Linux
από το 1999. Πολύ σύντομα ενδιαφέρθηκε για τις πολιτικές
και κοινωνικές πτυχές του Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού, έτσι αποφάσισε
να σπουδάσει Πολιτική και Διοίκηση στο Πανεπιστήμιο της Konstanz
(προπτυχιακά) και στο Πανεπιστήμιο του Potsdam (δίπλωμα). Αφού
έγινε <a href="/contribute/internship.html">ο πρώτος βοηθός του FSFE</a>
το 2004, συνέχισε να εργάζεται με εμάς ως εθελοντής. Το 2009
τελείωσε την διπλωματική του διατριβή με θέμα "IT
coordination in the Superior Federal Administration" και
ξεκίνησε να εργάζεται στο FSFE με πλήρη απασχόληση.</p>
<p>Ο Matthias είναι στο FSFE ο Συντονιστής για την
<a href="http://fellowship.fsfe.org">Κοινότητα</a> και ο
Συντονιστής της Γερμανικής ομάδας. Σπούδασε Πολιτική και Διοίκηση
στο Πανεπιστήμιο της Konstanz (προπτυχιακά) και στο Πανεπιστήμιο του
Potsdam (δίπλωμα). Η διπλωματική του διατριβή είχε θέμα "IT
coordination in the Superior Federal Administration".</p>
<p>Ανάμεσα σε
<a href="/projects/work.html">άλλες πολιτικές δραστηριότητες</a>,
ο Matthias είναι ή ήταν υπεύθυνος για την εκστρατεία μας
<a href="/campaigns/valentine-2010/valentine-2010.html">"I love Free
Software"</a>, την εκστρατεία
<a href="/projects/btw09/btw09.html">"Ask your candidates"</a>
για τις Ομοσπονδιακές εκλογές στην Γερμανία το 2009, και την εκστρατεία
<a href="/campaigns/pdfreaders/pdfreaders.html">Free Software PDF Readers</a>.
Είναι επίσης μέλος της
<a href="http://www.cio.bund.de/cln_164/DE/Standards/SAGA/saga_node.html">ομάδας
ειδικών SAGA από το Γερμανικό Υπουργείο Εσωτερικών</a>.</p>
<p>Ο Matthias χρησιμοποιεί GNU/Linux από το 1999. Αρέσκεται να δοκιμάζει
προγράμματα διαχείρισης για γραφικά περιβάλλοντα και να διαφημίζει τη
ρύθμιση του ηλεκτρονικού του ταχυδρομείου.</p>
<p>Εκτός από το να γράφει στο
<a href="http://blogs.fsfe.org/mk">ιστολόγιο "I love it here"</a> που
διατηρεί, είναι υπεύθυνος για το
<a href="/news/newsletter.html">μηνιαίο ενημερωτικό δελτίο του FSFE</a> από
<a href="/news/nl/nl-201006.html">τον Ιούνιο του 2010</a>, και γράφει σχετικά
με θέματα του Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού στο Γερμανικό ιστολόγιο
<a href="http://www.netzpolitik.org">Netzpolitik.org</a>. </p>
<h2>Περισσότερες πληροφορίες</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://blogs.fsfe.org/mk">Ιστολόγιο "I love it here"</a> <a href="http://blogs.fsfe.org/mk/?feed=rss2">[rss]</a></li>
<li><a href="http://identi.ca/kirschner">Μικρο-ιστολόγιο στο Identi.ca</a> <a href="http://identi.ca/kirschner/rss">[rss]</a><a href="http://identi.ca/api/statuses/user_timeline/kirschner.atom">[atom]</a></li>
</ul>
</body>
<p>Μπορείτε να βρείτε <a href="http://wiki.fsfe.org/Audio">συνεντεύξεις</a>,
κάποιες <a href="http://wiki.fsfe.org/Video">βιντεοσκοπήσεις</a> και
<a href="http://wiki.fsfe.org/Transcripts">κείμενα</a> με τον Matthias στο
<a href="http://wiki.fsfe.org">wiki της Κοινότητας</a>.</p>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date$ $Author$</timestamp>
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<html>
<head>
@ -10,7 +10,8 @@
</div>
<h1>Matthias Kirschner</h1>
<!--
<ul>
<li>German Coordinator (2009-present)</li>
<li>Fellowship Coordinator (2007-present)</li>
@ -18,40 +19,54 @@
<li>Volunteer German Team (2004-2007)</li>
<li>Assistant to the president (2004-2005)</li>
</ul>
-->
<h2>Contact</h2>
<address>
Linienstr. 141, 10115 Berlin, Germany<br />
Phone: +49-30-27595290<br />
Mobile: +49-1577-1780003 <br />
E-Mail: <a href="mailto:mk@fsfe.org">mk@fsfe.org</a><br />
<a href="http://www.gnupg.org/">GnuPG</a>-Key: <a href="kirschner-public.asc">8EF520D1</a> <br />
Jabber: mk@jabber.fsfe.org<br />
Weblog: <a href="http://blogs.fsfe.org/mk">"I love it here"</a><br />
Microblog: <a href="http://identi.ca/kirschner">Microblog on Identi.ca</a><br />
</address>
<ul>
<li>Linienstr. 141, 10115 Berlin, Germany</li>
<li>Phone: +49-30-27595290</li>
<li>Mobile: +49-1577-1780003 </li>
<li>E-Mail: <a href="mailto:mk@fsfe.org">mk@fsfe.org</a></li>
<li>Jabber: mk@jabber.fsfe.org</li>
<li><a href="http://www.gnupg.org/">GnuPG</a>-Key: <a href="kirschner-public.asc">8EF520D1</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>About Matthias</h2>
<p>
Matthias is FSFE's <a
href="http://fellowship.fsfe.org/">Fellowship</a> Coordinator
and the Coordinator of the German team. He studied Politics and
Management at the University of Konstanz (pre-diploma) and the
University of Potsdam (diploma). His diploma thesis was about
<em>IT coordination in the Superior Federal Administration</em>.
</p>
<p>Matthias is our <a href="http://fellowship.fsfe.org/">Fellowship</a>
Coordinator and the Coordinator of the German team. He has been a <a
href="/freesoftware/basics/gnuproject.html">GNU</a>/Linux user since 1999.
Very soon he got interested in the political and social aspects of Free
Software, so he decided to study Politics and Management at the University
of Konstanz (pre-diploma) and the University of Potsdam (diploma). After
being <a href="/contribute/internship.html">FSFE's first intern</a> in
2004, he continued to work for us as a volunteer. In 2009 he finished his
diploma thesis on <em>IT coordination in the Superior Federal
Administration</em>, and started working full time for FSFE.</p>
<p>Amoungst <a href="/projects/work.html">other policy work</a>, Matthias is or
was in charge of our <a
href="/campaigns/valentine-2010/valentine-2010.html">"I love Free
Software"</a> campaign, the <a href="/projects/btw09/btw09.html">"Ask
your candidates"</a> campaign for the German Federal Election in 2009,
and the <a href="/campaigns/pdfreaders/pdfreaders.html">Free Software PDF
Readers</a> campaign. He is also a member of the <a
href="http://www.cio.bund.de/cln_164/DE/Standards/SAGA/saga_node.html">SAGA
expert group from the German Ministry of Interiour</a>.</p>
<p>
Matthias has been a GNU/Linux user since 1999. He likes playing
around with window managers and pimping his e-mail setup.
</p>
<h2>More information</h2>
<p>Beside writing in his <a href="http://blogs.fsfe.org/mk">weblog "I love
it here"</a> he is responsible for <a href="/news/newsletter.html">FSFE's
monthly newsletter</a> since <a href="/news/nl/nl-201006.html">June
2010</a>, and writes about Free Software issues on the German blog <a
href="http://www.netzpolitik.org">Netzpolitik.org</a>. </p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://blogs.fsfe.org/mk">Weblog "I love it here"</a> <a href="http://blogs.fsfe.org/mk/?feed=rss2">[rss]</a></li>
<li><a href="http://identi.ca/kirschner">Microblog on Identi.ca</a> <a href="http://identi.ca/kirschner/rss">[rss]</a><a href="http://identi.ca/api/statuses/user_timeline/kirschner.atom">[atom]</a></li>
</ul>
<p>You can find <a href="http://wiki.fsfe.org/Audio">interviews</a>, some
<a href="http://wiki.fsfe.org/Video">video recordings</a> and <a
href="http://wiki.fsfe.org/Transcripts">transcripts</a> with Matthias in
the <a href="http://wiki.fsfe.org">Fellowship wiki</a>.</p>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date$ $Author$</timestamp>

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@ -56,9 +56,6 @@ kann.</p>
<li><a href="/about/legal/de/de.html">Deutschland</a> (<a href="de/constitution.html">Satzung</a>)</li>
</ul>
<p>Länder, die derzeit durch Mitglieder in der FSFE vertreten sind:
Österreich, Deutschland, Schweiz, Schweden, Vereinigtes Königreich.</p>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date$ $Author$ </timestamp>

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@ -59,8 +59,6 @@ href="/about/self-conception.html">διεθνής, βασισμένος σε ο
<li><a href="/about/legal/de/de.html">Γερμανία</a> (<a href="de/constitution.html">Καταστατικό</a>)</li>
</ul>
<p>Χώρες που εκπροσωπούνται με μέλη στο FSFE:
Αυστρία, Γερμανία, Σουηδία, Ελβετία, Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο.</p>
</body>

View File

@ -59,9 +59,6 @@ that country, aiming for charitable status whenever possible.</p>
<li><a href="/about/legal/de/de.html">Germany</a> (<a href="de/constitution.html">Constitution</a>)</li>
</ul>
<p>Countries currently represented with members in the FSFE:
Austria, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom.</p>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date$ $Author$</timestamp>

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@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
<body>
<center>
<p id="category"><a href="/about/about.html">Acerca de</a></p>
<h1>Estructura legal</h1>
</center>
<p>La Free Software Foundation Europa es una <a
href="/about/self-conception.html">organización internacional y
@ -75,8 +75,6 @@ estatus de organizaci
<li><a href="/about/legal/de/de.html">Alemania</a> (<a href="de/constitution.html">Constitución</a>)</li>
</ul>
<p>Los países que en la actualidad tienen representación en la FSFE son:
Austria, Alemania, Suecia, Suiza y Reino Unido.</p>
</body>

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@ -68,9 +68,6 @@ href="/about/self-conception.html">organisation internationale travaillant en é
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Les pays actuellement représentés avec des membres à la FSFE&#160;:
Allemagne, Autriche, Royaume-Uni, Suède, Suisse.</p>
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@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<html>
<head>
<title>Pravna struktura - FSFE</title>
</head>
<body>
<p id="category"><a href="/about/about.html">O nama</a></p>
<h1>Pravna struktura</h1>
<p id="introduction">Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE) je <a
href="/about/self-conception.html">međunarodna, timski orijentirana
organizacija</a>. Pravno gledano, postavljen je oko središnje
organizacije koja se širi u ostale zemlje na modularan način.</p>
<h2>Glavno udruženje</h2>
<p>Glavno udruženje (čvorište) je središnje pravno tijelo i jezgra
Free Software Foundationa
Europe. Svi <a href="/about/members.html">članovi</a> FSFE-a su
članovi ovog udruženja.</p>
<p>Ovo glavno udruženje pruža pravni kostur za implementaciju aktivnosti
<a href="/about/team.html">tima</a>.</p>
<p>Udruženje je dobrotvorno registrirano udruženje ("e.V.")
po njemačkom zakonu sa sljedećim ustrojem:</p>
<ul>
<li>na engleskom: <a href="/about/legal/Constitution.en.pdf">PDF (72k)</a> <a href="/about/legal/constitution.en.html">HTML</a></li>
<li>na njemačkom: <a href="/about/legal/Constitution.de.pdf">PDF (122k)</a> <a href="/about/legal/constitution.de.html">HTML</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Podružnice</h3>
<p>Podružnice su modularna lokalna pravna tijela FSFE-a koja čine
članovi FSFE-a iz dotične zemlje i ponekad gosti iz
drugih zemalja. Cilj je primiti neoporezive
donacije kad god je to moguće.</p>
<p>Poglavlja su unutar FSFE-a povezana svojim statutima što
nacionalnim timovima FSFE-a daje slobodu i autonomiju u rješavanju
lokalnih pitanja na kulturološki i društveno prihvatljiv način
u tim zemljama.</p>
<p>Ustroj ovih podružnica najčešće je napravljen kroz izmjene
"predloška ustroja" kako bi odgovarao pravnom sustavu te
zemlje i s težnjom ka dobrotvornom karakteru kad god je to moguće.</p>
<p>Predložak ustroja je dostupan na:</p>
<ul>
<li>engleskom: <a href="/about/legal/Constitution-CTmpl.en.pdf">PDF (64k)</a> <a href="/about/legal/template-constitution.en.html">HTML</a></li>
<li>njemačkom: <a href="/about/legal/Constitution-CTmpl.de.pdf">PDF (66k)</a> <a href="/about/legal/template-constitution.de.html">HTML</a></li>
</ul>
<p>U potpunosti uspostavljene podružnice trenutno postoje u:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="/about/legal/de/de.html">Njemačkoj</a> (<a href="de/constitution.html">Ustroj</a>)</li>
</ul>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date: 2010-11-02 09:27:31 +0100 (Tue, 02 Nov 2010) $ $Author: reinhard $</timestamp>
</html>
<!--
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@ -57,8 +57,6 @@ ove possibile ad ottenere lo status di associazione non profit.</p>
<li><a href="/about/legal/de/de.html">Germania</a> (<a href="de/constitution.html">Statuto</a>)</li>
</ul>
<p>I paesi che hanno attualmente membri che li rappresentano nella FSFE sono:
Austria, Germania, Svezia, Svizzera e Regno Unito.</p>
</body>

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@ -100,11 +100,6 @@
</li>
</ul>
<p>
De landen die vertegenwoordigd worden door hun leden in de FSFE:
Oostenrijk, Duitsland, Zweden, Zwitserland en het Verenigd
Koninkrijk.
</p>
</body>

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@ -59,8 +59,6 @@ país, visando o estatuto de caridosas sempre que seja possível.</p>
<li><a href="/about/legal/de/de.html">Alemanha</a> (<a href="de/constitution.html">Contituição</a>)</li>
</ul>
<p>Países representados atualmente pelos membros da FSFE:
Áustria, Alemanha, Suécia, Suíça e Reino Unido.</p>
</body>

View File

@ -43,7 +43,6 @@
<li><a href="/about/legal/de/de.html">в Германии</a> (<a href="de/constitution.html">Устав</a>)</li>
</ul>
<p>На данный момент представители ЕФСПО есть в следующих странах: Австрия, Германия, Швеция, Швейцария, Великобритания.</p>
</body>

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@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<countryset>
<country id="AX">Aland</country>
<country id="AL">Αλβανία</country>
<country id="AT">Αυστρία</country>
<country id="BA">Βοσνία και Ερζεγοβίνη</country>
<country id="BE">Βέλγιο</country>
<country id="BG">Βουλγαρία</country>
<country id="BY">Λευκορωσσία</country>
<country id="BY">Λευκορωσία</country>
<country id="CH">Ελβετία</country>
<country id="CY">Κύπρος</country>
<country id="CZ">Τσεχία</country>
@ -14,6 +15,8 @@
<country id="DK">Δανία</country>
<country id="EE">Εσθονία</country>
<country id="ES">Ισπανία</country>
<country id="EU">Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση</country>
<country id="FO">Νησιά Φαρόε</country>
<country id="FI">Φινλανδία</country>
<country id="FR">Γαλλία</country>
<country id="GB">Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο</country>
@ -21,13 +24,15 @@
<country id="HR">Κροατία</country>
<country id="HU">Ουγγαρία</country>
<country id="IE">Ιρλανδία</country>
<country id="IM">Νησί του Μαν</country>
<country id="IS">Ισλανδία</country>
<country id="IT">Ιταλία</country>
<country id="LI">Λιχτενστάιν</country>
<country id="LT">Λιθουανία</country>
<country id="LU">Λουξεμβούργο</country>
<country id="LV">Λετονία</country>
<country id="MD">Μολδαβία</country>
<country id="ME">Μοντενέγκρο</country>
<country id="ME">Μαυροβούνιο</country>
<country id="MK">Πρώην Γιουγκ. Δημ. της Μακεδονίας</country>
<country id="MT">Μάλτα</country>
<country id="NL">Ολλανδία</country>
@ -36,10 +41,11 @@
<country id="PT">Πορτογαλία</country>
<country id="RO">Ρουμανία</country>
<country id="RS">Σερβία</country>
<country id="RU">Ρωσσία</country>
<country id="RU">Ρωσία</country>
<country id="SE">Σουηδία</country>
<country id="SI">Σλοβενία</country>
<country id="SK">Σλοβακία</country>
<country id="TR">Τουρκία</country>
<country id="UA">Ουκρανία</country>
<country id="ZZ">Υπόλοιπος κόσμος</country>
</countryset>

View File

@ -5,24 +5,24 @@
<country id="AL">Albania</country>
<country id="AT">Austria</country>
<country id="BA">Bosnia y Herzegovina</country>
<country id="BE">Bélgica</country>
<country id="BE">Bélgica</country>
<country id="BG">Bulgaria</country>
<country id="BY">Bielorrusia</country>
<country id="CH">Suiza</country>
<country id="CY">Chipre</country>
<country id="CZ">República Checa</country>
<country id="CZ">República Checa</country>
<country id="DE">Alemania</country>
<country id="DK">Dinamarca</country>
<country id="EE">Estonia</country>
<country id="ES">España</country>
<country id="EU">Unión Europea</country>
<country id="ES">Espańa</country>
<country id="EU">Unión Europea</country>
<country id="FO">Islas Faroe</country>
<country id="FI">Finlandia</country>
<country id="FR">Francia</country>
<country id="GB">Reino Unido</country>
<country id="GR">Grecia</country>
<country id="HR">Croacia</country>
<country id="HU">Hungría</country>
<country id="HU">Hungría</country>
<country id="IE">Irlanda</country>
<country id="IM">Isla de Man</country>
<country id="IS">Islandia</country>
@ -36,17 +36,17 @@
<country id="ME">Montenegro</country>
<country id="MK">Macedonia</country>
<country id="MT">Malta</country>
<country id="NL">Países Bajos</country>
<country id="NL">Países Bajos</country>
<country id="NO">Noruega</country>
<country id="PL">Polonia</country>
<country id="PT">Portugal</country>
<country id="RO">Rumanía</country>
<country id="RO">Rumanía</country>
<country id="RS">Serbia</country>
<country id="RU">Federación Rusa</country>
<country id="RU">Federación Rusa</country>
<country id="SE">Suecia</country>
<country id="SI">Eslovenia</country>
<country id="SK">Eslovaquia</country>
<country id="TR">Turquía</country>
<country id="TR">Turquía</country>
<country id="UA">Ucrania</country>
<country id="ZZ">Resto del mundo</country>
</countryset>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<countryset>
<country id="AX">Aland</country>
<country id="AL">Albanija</country>
<country id="AT">Austrija</country>
<country id="BA">Bosna i Hercegovina</country>
<country id="BE">Belgija</country>
<country id="BG">Bugarska</country>
<country id="BY">Bjelorusija</country>
<country id="CH">Švicarska</country>
<country id="CY">Cipar</country>
<country id="CZ">Češka</country>
<country id="DE">Njemačka</country>
<country id="DK">Danska</country>
<country id="EE">Estonija</country>
<country id="ES">Španjolska</country>
<country id="EU">Europska unija</country>
<country id="FO">Farski otoci</country>
<country id="FI">Finska</country>
<country id="FR">Francuska</country>
<country id="GB">Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo</country>
<country id="GR">Grčka</country>
<country id="HR">Hrvatska</country>
<country id="HU">Mađarska</country>
<country id="IE">Irska</country>
<country id="IM">Otok Man</country>
<country id="IS">Island</country>
<country id="IT">Italija</country>
<country id="LI">Lihtenštajn</country>
<country id="LT">Litva</country>
<country id="LU">Luksemburg</country>
<country id="LV">Latvija</country>
<country id="MD">Moldavija</country>
<country id="ME">Crna Gora</country>
<country id="MK">Makedonija</country>
<country id="MT">Malta</country>
<country id="NL">Nizozemska</country>
<country id="NO">Norveška</country>
<country id="PL">Poljska</country>
<country id="PT">Portugal</country>
<country id="RO">Rumunjska</country>
<country id="RS">Srbija</country>
<country id="RU">Ruska Federacija</country>
<country id="SE">Švedska</country>
<country id="SI">Slovenija</country>
<country id="SK">Slovačka</country>
<country id="TR">Turska</country>
<country id="UA">Ukrajina</country>
<country id="ZZ">Ostatak svijeta</country>
</countryset>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<functionset>
<function id="fellowship-coordinator/f">координатор <a href="http://fellowship.fsfe.org/">Содружества</a></function>
<function id="fellowship-coordinator/m">координатор <a href="http://fellowship.fsfe.org/">Содружества</a></function>
<function id="fellowship-deputy/f">помощник координатора <a href="http://fellowship.fsfe.org/">Содружества</a></function>
<function id="fellowship-deputy/m">помощник координатора <a href="http://fellowship.fsfe.org/">Содружества</a></function>
<function id="fellowship-interviews/f">журналист <a href="http://fellowship.fsfe.org/">Содружества</a></function>
<function id="fellowship-interviews/m">журналист <a href="http://fellowship.fsfe.org/">Содружества</a></function>
<function id="fellowship-representative/f">представитель <a href="http://fellowship.fsfe.org/">Содружества</a></function>
<function id="fellowship-representative/m">представитель <a href="http://fellowship.fsfe.org/">Содружества</a></function>
</functionset>

View File

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<functionset>
<function id="greve">Президент-основатель</function>
<function id="greve">президент-основатель</function>
</functionset>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<functionset>
<function id="president/f">президент</function>
<function id="president/m">президент</function>
<function id="vice-president/f">вице-президент</function>
<function id="vice-president/m">вице-президент</function>
<function id="financial-officer/f">бухгалтер</function>
<function id="financial-officer/m">бухгалтер</function>
<function id="executive-director/f">исполнительный директор</function>
<function id="executive-director/m">исполнительный директор</function>
<function id="intern/f">стажёр</function>
<function id="intern/m">стажёр</function>
<function id="office/f">офисный работник</function>
<function id="office/m">офисный работник</function>
<function id="sysadmin/f">системный администратор</function>
<function id="sysadmin/m">системный администратор</function>
<function id="coordinator/f">координатор</function>
<function id="coordinator/m">координатор</function>
<function id="deputy/f">помощник координатора</function>
<function id="deputy/m">помощник координатора</function>
</functionset>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<volunteersset>
<volunteers id="translators-de">немецких <a href="/contribute/translators/translators.html">переводов</a></volunteers>
<volunteers id="translators-es">испанских <a href="/contribute/translators/translators.html">переводов</a></volunteers>
<volunteers id="translators-fr">французских <a href="/contribute/translators/translators.html">переводов</a></volunteers>
<volunteers id="translators-it">итальянских <a href="/contribute/translators/translators.html">переводов</a></volunteers>
<volunteers id="web"><a href="/contribute/web/web.html">вебмастеров</a></volunteers>
<volunteers id="editors"><a href="/contribute/editors/editors.html">редакторов</a></volunteers>
</volunteersset>

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@ -145,10 +145,6 @@ les organitzacions associades poden participar. Aix
Software Foundation Europa d'actuar ràpidament quan és necessari i mantenir
una forta fermesa organitzativa de llarg termini.</p>
<h3>Com implicar-s'hi</h3>
<p>Si voleu implicar-vos amb la Free Software Foundation Europa,
podeu trobar més informació <a href="/contribute/">aquí</a>.</p>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date$ $Author$</timestamp>

View File

@ -202,12 +202,6 @@
starke, langfristige Integrität beizubehalten.
</p>
<h3>Wie kann man mitmachen?</h3>
<p>
Wenn Sie bei der Free Software Foundation Europe mitwirken wollen,
finden Sie weitere Informationen <a href="/contribute/">hier</a>.
</p>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date$ $Author$</timestamp>

View File

@ -145,10 +145,6 @@
Λογισμικού να δρα άμεσα όταν είναι απαραίτητο και να διατηρεί μια
ισχυρή οργανωτική μακροπρόθεσμη συνεκτικότητα.</p>
<h3>Πώς να δραστηριοποιηθείτε</h3>
<p>Αν θέλετε να δραστηριοποιηθείτε στο Ευρωπαϊκό Ίδρυμα Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού,
μπορείτε να βρείτε περισσότερες πληροφορίες <a href="/contribute/">εδώ</a>.</p>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date$ $Author$</timestamp>

View File

@ -147,14 +147,6 @@ Software Foundation Europe to act quickly when necessary and maintain
a strong organisational long-term consistency.</p>
<h3>How to get involved</h3>
<p>
If you want to get involved in the Free Software Foundation
Europe, you can find more information <a
href="/contribute/">here</a>.
</p>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date$ $Author$</timestamp>

View File

@ -147,10 +147,6 @@ permite actuar a la Free Software Foundation Europa de forma r
es necesario, y mantener una fuerte consistencia de organización a largo
plazo.</p>
<h3>Cómo involucrarse</h3>
<p>Si desea involucrarse en la Free Software Foundation Europa,
puede encontrar más información <a href="/contribute/">aquí</a>.</p>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date$ $Author$</timestamp>

View File

@ -198,13 +198,6 @@
et de maintenir une organisation cohérente et pérenne à long terme.
</p>
<h3>Comment s'impliquer</h3>
<p>
Si vous désirez vous impliquer dans la Free Software Foundation
Europe, vous trouverez de plus amples informations
<a href="/contribute/">ici</a>.
</p>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date$ $Author$</timestamp>

158
about/principles.hr.xhtml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<html>
<head>
<title>O Free Software Foundationu Europe - FSFE</title>
</head>
<body>
<p id="category"><a href="/about/about.html">O nama</a></p>
<h1>O FSFE-u</h1>
<h2>Samosvijest</h2>
<p>Ljudi u <a href="http://fsfeurope.org">Free Software
Foundationu Europe</a> (FSFE) vide se kao Europljane iz
različitih kultura sa zajedničkim ciljem suradnje među
kulturama i razvojem zajedničke kulture suradnje od regionalne do
globalne razine.</p>
<p>Tvorimo neprofitnu nevladinu organizaciju i mrežu koja je sama
dio globalne mreže ljudi s istim ciljevima i stajalištima.
Ne predstavljamo nikoga drugoga doli nas same i naš rad. Naš
zajednički rad i predanost slobodi u svim aspektima
digitalnog društva je ono što nas određuje.</p>
<p>Uz svakodnevni rast zajednice slobodnog softvera bitno je
održati jasno, pouzdano i živo viđenje slobodnog softvera.
Ponekad povećani politički interes za naša nastajanja također
stvara želju za iskorištavanjem istih za pojedinačne osobne
interese bez obzira na kratkoročne i dugoročne posljedice.</p>
<p>Stoga je središnja sastavnica našeg rada održavanje pravne,
političke i društvene baze slobodnog softvera jakom, sigurnu i slobodnu
od pojedinačnih interesa. To zahtijeva duboko razumijevanje slobodnog
softvera i srodne problematike. To prvenstveno zahtijeva usmjerenost
na dugoročne ciljeve.</p>
<p>Shvaćamo da to ponekad znači prihvaćanje kratkoročnih ili čak
srednjoročnih nepogodnosti kako bismo ostali dosljedni svojim
načelima, a to može biti teško komunicirati i čak ponekad
nepopularno.</p>
<h3>Načela</h3>
<p>Iznimno smo predani načelima demokracije, transparentnosti,
različitosti, konzistentnosti, pouzdanosti i usredotočenosti.</p>
<p>U svjetlu značajne pravne odgovornosti i potrebe da ostane
odlučna i u teškim vremenima, naša struktura teži primjeni
gornjih načela na što je moguće bolji način.</p>
<h3>Strukturni prikaz</h3>
<p>Volonterski rad i doprinos
temelj je na kojem gradimo sve ostalo. Postoje različite razine
uključenosti; razina uključenosti je primarno osobna
odluka.</p>
<p>Svatko je dobrodošao povremeno, redovito ili stalno
sudjelovati u aktivnostima Free Software Foundationa Europe
(FSFE) i učiniti te aktivnosti svojima.</p>
<p>Ako želite postati dio Free Software Foundationa Europe, možete se
priključiti jednom od naših timova -- bilo geografski bilo tematski --
i preuzeti odgovornost rada i djelovanja u ime FSFE-a. </p>
<p>Timovima po državama obično koordiniraju članovi udruženja
(pogledajte niže) odgovorni za te države. Preostalim timovima
koordiniraju ili članovi udruženja, članovi timova ili
članovi suradničkih organizacija (pogledajte
niže).</p>
<p>Ako želite postati dio Free Software Foundationa Europe,
no nemate vremena uključiti se, također se možete odlučiti na <a
href="/donate/donate.html">donaciju FSFE-u</a> ili postati <a
href="http://fellowship.fsfe.org">prijateljem</a> FSFE-a.
</p>
<p>Ako Vaša organizacija teži ciljevima sličnim Free Software
Foundationa Europe i želi ostvariti formalnu suradnju,
ona može postati <a href="/associates/">suradničkom
organizacijom</a> FSFE-a i tako postati dijelom FSFE-ove
mreže.</p>
<p>Kostur Free Software Foundationa Europe je formalno i pravno
uspostavljeno <a href="/about/legal/">udruženje</a> sa svojim
podružnicama u zemljama članicama. Članstvo u udruženju
zahtijeva najviši angažman mjeren u godinama posvećenosti
i odgovornosti u postavljanju dugoročnog konsenzusa iznad osobnog
mišljenja.</p>
<p>Udruženje FSFE je u osnovi demokratsko. Svi dijelovi FSFE-a
--- članovi udruženja, članovi timova kao i <a
href="http://fellowship.fsfe.org">prijatelji</a> i članovi suradničkih
organizacija -- pozvani su na aktivno sudjelovanje u procesima
odlučivanja.</p>
<p>Članove udruženja iz svojih zemalja uobičajeno predlažu članovi
timova i suradničkih organizacija. Njih potvrđuje
generalna skupština udruženja FSFE.</p>
<p>Iako su volonterski doprinosi u smislu rada i resursa temelj
našega rada, shvaćamo da neke zadatke nije moguće
provesti kao povremene aktivnosti i da stoga zahtijevaju puno radno
vrijeme.</p>
<p>Uobičajeni zaposlenici Free Software Foundationa Europe dio su
izvršnog tijela i ne sudjeluju u općim procesima
odlučivanja.</p>
<p>Bilo koju odluku o zaposlenju ili plaćanju u konačnici mora odobriti
generalna skupština članova udruženja.</p>
<p>Glavni kriterij za ovakve odluke su potrebe Free Software
Foundationa Europe u smislu uspješnog postizanja svojih ciljeva.
Kad god je to moguće, pokušavamo zaposliti osobu za svaki posao
koja je već obavljala taj posao bez plaće -- bilo unutar
struktura FSFE-a bilo izvan -- jer su znanje, posvećenost i
inicijativa vrline FSFE-a.</p>
<p>U idealnom slučaju omogućit ćemo nekome da se u potpunosti posveti
zadatku koji mu je već bio dovoljno važan da pridonese brojnim njemu
dostupnim resursima.</p>
<h3>Procesi odlučivanja</h3>
<p>Ljudi u Free Software Foundation Europe vjeruju u
konsenzus. Uvijek težimo gradnji našeg rada na konsenzusu --
ponekad i kompromisu -- naših aktivnih članova.</p>
<p>Također vjerujemo da je ponekad potrebno djelovati brzo i
odlučno. Zbog toga smo uspostavili udruženje FSFE
i njegove produžne izvršne odbore na europskoj kao i na nacionalnim
razinama. One pružaju pričuvne strukture i procedure koje se
određuju, prate i kontroliraju putem demokratskih
procesa.</p>
<p>Taj pristup odabran je kroz potragu za strukturom koja će omogućiti
transparentnost, različitost i sudjelovanje, a da istovremeno bude
što jednostavnija.</p>
<p>Ona osigurava mogućnost sudjelovanja svih dijelova FSFE-a.
U procesu mogu sudjelovati članovi udruženja, članovi timova i
članovi suradničkih organizacija. To Free Software
Foundationu Europe omogućava brzo djelovanje kada je to potrebno i
održava snažnu organizacijsku dugoročnu konzistentnost.</p>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date: 2010-11-05 19:21:04 +0100 (Fri, 05 Nov 2010) $ $Author: guest-mdim $</timestamp>
</html>
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@ -135,10 +135,6 @@ egyaránt aktív résztvevők lehetnek, ami hozzájárul ahhoz, hogy a Free Soft
Foundation Europe gyorsan cselekedhessen, ha szükséges, és fenntartsa a stabil
hosszútávú szervezeti összhangot.</p>
<h3>Hogyan vehet részt munkánkban</h3>
<p>Ha részt szeretne vállalni a Free Software Foundation Europe munkájából,
<a href="/contribute/">itt találhat további információt</a>.</p>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date$ $Author$</timestamp>

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@ -192,12 +192,6 @@ Software Foundation Europe di agire in fretta quando
mantenendo una solida struttura organizzativa e una coerenza di lungo periodo.
</p>
<h3>Come partecipare</h3>
<p>
Se volete collaborare con la Free Software Foundation Europe, potete
trovare maggiori informazioni <a href="/contribute/">qui</a>.
</p>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date$ $Author$</timestamp>

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@ -193,13 +193,6 @@
gestructureerde lijn op langere termijn.
</p>
<h3>Hoe u kan helpen?</h3>
<p>
Als u de Free Software Foundation Europe mee verder wil
uitbouwen kan u <a href="/contribute/">hier</a> meer informatie
vinden.
</p>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date$ $Author$</timestamp>

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@ -143,15 +143,6 @@ organizações associadas podem participar. Isso permite à Free
Software Foundation Europe agir rapidamente quando é necessário e manter
uma forte consistência organizacional a longo prazo.</p>
<h3>Como você pode participar?</h3>
<p>
Se você quiser participar com a Free Software Foundation
Europa, pode encontrar mais informação <a
href="/contribute/">aqui</a>.
</p>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date: 2010-01-23 18:43:11 +0000 (Sat, 23 Jan 2010) $ $Author: ato $</timestamp>

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@ -69,12 +69,6 @@
<p>Эта структура позволяет участвовать в работе Фонда всем подразделениям ЕФСПО: членам ассоциаций, групп, родственных организаций. Кроме того, она обеспечивает быстроту реакции ЕФСПО, когда это необходимо, и поддерживает организационную стабильность в долгосрочной перспективе.</p>
<h3>Присоединяйтесь!</h3>
<p>
Подробная информация о том, <a href="/contribute/">как принять участие</a> в деятельности Европейского фонда свободного ПО, находится на отдельной странице.
</p>
</body>
<timestamp>$Date: 2010-01-23 18:43:11 +0000 (Sat, 23 Jan 2010) $ $Author: ato $</timestamp>

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@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
</head>
<body>
<div class="image right">
<img src="roy.jpg" alt="A photographic portrait" width="200" height="150" title="Hugo Roy" />
<img src="roy.png" alt="A photographic portrait at Paris Debian Conference by Bastian Blank" width="200" height="250" title="Hugo Roy" />
<p>
Στο τείχος του Βερολίνου, 11/2009
10/2010
</p>
</div>
@ -62,8 +62,8 @@
<li><a href="http://hugoroy.eu">Προσωπικός Ιστότοπος</a></li>
<li><a href="http://blogs.fsfe.org/hugo/">Ιστολόγιο της Κοινότητας</a></li>
<li><a href="http://blog.hugoroy.eu">Προσωπικό Ιστολόγιο (στα Γαλλικά)</a></li>
<li>Ακολουθήστε με στην <a href="http://identi.ca/hugoroy">identi.ca</a> ή στο
<a href="http://twitter.com/HugoJRoy">Twitter</a></li>
<li>Ακολουθήστε με στην <a href="http://identi.ca/royhugo">identi.ca</a> ή στο
<a href="http://twitter.com/RoyHugo">Twitter</a></li>
</ul>
</body>

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@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
</head>
<body>
<div class="image right">
<img src="roy.jpg" alt="A photographic portrait" width="200" height="150" title="Hugo Roy" />
<img src="roy.png" alt="A photographic portrait by Bastian Blank" width="200" height="250" title="Hugo Roy" />
<p>
In front of the Berlin Wall, 11/2009
Mini Debian Conf, Paris, 10/2010
</p>
</div>
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
<li><a href="http://hugoroy.eu">Personal Website</a></li>
<li><a href="http://blogs.fsfe.org/hugo/">Fellowship Blog</a></li>
<li><a href="http://blog.hugoroy.eu">Personal Blog (in French)</a></li>
<li>Follow him on <a href="http://identi.ca/hugoroy">identi.ca</a> or <a href="http://twitter.com/HugoJRoy">Twitter</a></li>
<li>Follow him on <a href="http://identi.ca/royhugo">identi.ca</a> or <a href="http://twitter.com/RoyHugo">Twitter</a></li>
</ul>
</body>

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@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
</head>
<body>
<div class="image right">
<img src="roy.jpg" alt="Un portrait photo" width="200" height="150" title="Hugo Roy" />
<img src="roy.png" alt="Un portrait photographique par Bastian Blank" width="200" height="250" title="Hugo Roy" />
<p>
Devant le mur de Berlin, 11/2009
Mini Debian Conf, Paris, 10/2010
</p>
</div>
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
<li><a href="http://hugoroy.eu">Site Web personnel</a></li>
<li><a href="http://blogs.fsfe.org/hugo/">Blog de fellow</a></li>
<li><a href="http://blog.hugoroy.eu">Blog personnel (en français)</a></li>
<li>À suivre sur <a href="http://identi.ca/hugoroy">identi.ca</a> ou <a href="http://twitter.com/HugoJRoy">Twitter</a></li>
<li>À suivre sur <a href="http://identi.ca/royhugo">identi.ca</a> ou <a href="http://twitter.com/RoyHugo">Twitter</a></li>
</ul>
</body>

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@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1" ?>
<html>
<head>
<title>O Free Software Foundationu Europe - tim</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Tim FSFE-a</h1>
<p>
Ovi ljudi kontinuirano rade za i s FSFE-om pa imaju
stalne odgovornosti i ovlasti za određena
područja. Neki su od njih <a href="members.html">članovi</a>
<a href="legal/legal.html">udruženja</a>, a neki nisu.
</p>
<dynamic-content />
</body>
<timestamp>$Date: 2010-11-02 09:27:31 +0100 (Tue, 02 Nov 2010) $ $Author: reinhard $</timestamp>
</html>
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@ -9,7 +9,11 @@
<h1>О статусе союзной организации</h1>
<p>
Статус союзной организации ЕФСПО может получить любая организация, деятельность которой тем или иным образом связана со свободным программным обеспечением. Как правило, этот статус получают организации из Европы, хотя это необязательное условие. Организации со всего мира, которым близок европейских дух, могут подать заявку на получение союзного статуса.
Статус союзной организации ЕФСПО может получить любая организация,
деятельность которой тем или иным образом связана со свободным программным
обеспечением. Как правило, этот статус получают организации из Европы,
хотя это не обязательное условие. Организации со всего мира, которым
близок европейский дух, могут подать заявку на получение союзного статуса.
</p>
<p>
@ -33,11 +37,22 @@
</p>
<p>
Поскольку эффективность этих действий, пусть лишь частично, зависит от использования как можно более точной терминологии, Фонд призывает союзные организации (и сам придерживается этих рекомендаций) избегать употребления терминов, значения которых могут быть превратно истолкованы и способствовать распространению ложной информации.
Поскольку эффективность этих действий, по меньшей мере частично,
зависит от использования как можно более точной терминологии,
Фонд призывает союзные организации (и сам придерживается этих
рекомендаций) избегать употребления терминов, значения которых
могут быть превратно истолкованы и способствовать распространению
ложной информации.
</p>
<p>
К этому, разумеется, относится и использование термина «GNU/Linux» в отношении системы GNU/Linux (справочная информация по этому вопросу есть в статье <a href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">«Почему GNU/Linux?»</a>) и правильный перевод термина «free software», чтобы исключить проведение параллелей с вводящей в заблуждение терминологией «Open Source» (см. статью <a href="/documents/whyfs.html">«Мы говорим о свободном ПО»</a>).
К этому, разумеется, относится использование термина «GNU/Linux»
в отношении системы GNU/Linux (справочная информация по этому вопросу
есть в статье <a href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">«Почему
GNU/Linux?»</a>) и употребление термина «свободное ПО» или соответствующего
перевода на местный язык, а также исключение из речи
вводящей в заблуждение терминологии «открытого исходного текста»
(см. статью <a href="/documents/whyfs.html">«Мы говорим о свободном ПО»</a>).
</p>
@ -56,7 +71,9 @@
</p>
<p>
Если к тому времени Фонд ещё не знаком с организацией-кандидатом или есть некоторые вопросы, ЕФСПО может задать их до проведения внутреннего рассмотрения заявки.
Если к тому времени Фонд ещё не знаком с организацией-кандидатом,
или есть некоторые вопросы, ЕФСПО может задать их до проведения
внутреннего рассмотрения заявки.
</p>
<p>

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@ -26,7 +26,8 @@
<p>
Sollten Sie mehr Informationen über den Status als assoziierte
Organisation suchen, so finden Sie diese <a href="/associates/about.html">hier</a>.
Organisation suchen, so lesen Sie was es bedeutet, <a href="/associates/about.html">assoziierte
Organisation zu sein und wie Ihre Organisation es werden kann</a>.
</p>
</body>

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@ -19,8 +19,8 @@
εσωτερική επικοινωνία και τη διαδικασία αξιολόγησης. Επίσης συνεργαζόμαστε
σε εκστρατείες και εκδηλώσεις όπως οι εμπορικές εκθέσεις.</p>
<p>Αν επιθυμείτε να μάθετε περισσότερα σχετικά με την κατάσταση των συνεργαζόμενων,
θα βρείτε πληροφορίες <a href="/associates/about.html">εδώ</a>.</p>
<p>Αν ενδιαφέρεστε για την ιδιότητα του συνεργαζόμενου, παρακαλούμε διαβάστε
<a href="/associates/about.html">τι σημαίνει συνεργαζόμενος με το FSFE και πώς θα γίνετε</a>.</p>
</body>

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@ -24,8 +24,7 @@
</p>
<p>
If you wish to know more about the associate status, you will find
that information <a href="/associates/about.html">here</a>.
If you are interested in the associate status, please consider to read <a href="/associates/about.html">what it means to be an associate of FSFE and how to become one</a>.
</p>
</body>

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@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ en todos los aspectos (tales como afiliación, estatutos, finanzas, etc.)</p>
en la comunicación interna y el proceso de consideración.
También trabajaremos juntos en campañas y eventos como ferias.</p>
<p>Si desea saber más sobre el estatus de asociado, encontrará esa información
<a href="/associates/about.html">aquí</a>.</p>
<p>Si desea saber más sobre el estatus de asociado, lea nuestra <a href="/associates/about.html">explicación del significado del estatus de asociado y como puede volverselo</a>.</p>
</body>

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@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ les communications internes et les processus de consultation. Nous
travaillerons également ensemble pour des événements tels que les
salons.</p>
<p>Si vous souhaitez en savoir plus sur le statut de partenaire, vous
trouverez cette information <a href="/associates/about.html">ici</a>. </p>
<p>Si vous êtes intéressé par le statut de partenaire, nous vous recommandons de considérer<a href="/associates/about.html">ce que cela signifie d'être partenaire de la FSFE et comment en devenir un</a>. </p>
</body>

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@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ collaborano con la FSFE in occasione di campagne o eventi (come ad
esempio fiere e manifestazioni).</p>
<p>Se volete saperne di più sullo status di organizzazione associata, potete
trovare maggiori informazioni <a href="/associates/about.html">qui</a>.</p>
leggere <a href="/associates/about.html">cosa significa essere associati a FSFE
e come diventarlo</a>.</p>
</body>

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@ -24,8 +24,7 @@
</p>
<p>
Se quiser saber mais sobre o estatuto de associado, você vai encontrar
essa informação <a href="/associates/about.html">aqui</a>.
Se quiser saber mais sobre o estatuto de associado, você pode ler nossa <a href="/associates/about.html">exploração do significado do estatuto de aasociado e o guia para tornar-se associado da FSFE</a>.
</p>
</body>

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@ -14,11 +14,16 @@
</p>
<p>
Статус «союзной организации» означает, что Фонд официально сотрудничает с организацией, и у неё есть прямой доступ к ЕФСПО. Союзные организации обычно участвуют во внутренних обсуждениях и в проведении совместных кампаний и мероприятий, например, выставок.
Статус союзной организации означает, что Фонд официально сотрудничает
с организацией, и у неё есть прямой доступ к ЕФСПО. Союзные организации
обычно участвуют во внутренних обсуждениях и в проведении совместных
кампаний и мероприятий, например, выставок.
</p>
<p>
<a href="/associates/about.html">Дополнительная информация</a> о статусе союзной организации.
Если вы заинтересованы в получении статуса союзной организации,
прочтите, пожалуйста, о том, <a href="/associates/about.html">что
значит быть союзной организацией ЕФСПО, и как стать такой организацией</a>.
</p>
</body>

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@ -5,7 +5,11 @@
<name>Фонд свободной информационной инфраструктуры</name>
<description>
<p>
Фонд свободной информационной инфраструктуры (FFII) это некоммерческая ассоциация, созданная в рамках законодательства Германии, которая выступает за устойчивое развитие информационных товаров, находящихся в общественном пользовании, на основе авторского права, свободной конкуренции и открытых стандартов.
Фонд свободной информационной инфраструктуры (FFII) —
это некоммерческая ассоциация, созданная в рамках законодательства
Германии, которая выступает за устойчивое развитие общественных
источников информации, на основе авторского права, свободной
конкуренции и открытых стандартов.
</p>
</description>
<link>http://www.ffii.org/</link>

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@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<associateset>
<associate id="ffkp">
<name>Общество свободной культуры и ПО (Föreningen fri kultur och programvara)</name>
<description>
<p>
Общество свободной культуры и ПО — шведская некоммерческая организация,
служащая обществу, созданному на основе свободного обмена знаниями,
идеями и культурой. Общество работает на стыке дисциплин и собирает
на конференциях FSCONS знания нескольких различных групп, включая
Криейтив Коммонз, Европейский фонд свободного программного обеспечения,
Викимедиа, ФриБит и EFN.
</p>
</description>
<link>http://www.ffkp.se/</link>
</associate>
</associateset>

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@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<associateset>
<associate id="association of greek users">
<name>Ассоциация греческих пользователей и друзей свободного ПО</name>
<description>
<p>
Ассоциация греческих пользователей и друзей свободного ПО
(называемая также «Greek Linux User Group») — это греческая
неправительственная организация (общество), чьей целью является
содействие GNU/Linux и свобоному ПО в Греции с помощью различных
мероприятий, таких, как семинары, вводные лекции в учебных заведениях,
ежедневная работа GNU/Linux Labs в Греции и борьба за свободное ПО
в публичном секторе Греции.
</p>
</description>
<link>http://www.greeklug.gr/</link>
</associate>
</associateset>

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@ -59,6 +59,9 @@
<!-- Table rows -->
<xsl:for-each select="bug">
<xsl:element name="tr">
<xsl:if test = "string(@closed)">
<xsl:attribute name="class">highlighted</xsl:attribute>
</xsl:if>
<xsl:element name="td"><xsl:value-of select="@institution-name"/></xsl:element>
<xsl:element name="td"><xsl:value-of select="@institution-address"/></xsl:element>
<xsl:element name="td">

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@ -2,6 +2,18 @@
<set>
<buglist country="BE">
<bug institution-name="SPF Chancellerie du Premier Ministre"
institution-address="Service public fédéral (SPF) Chancellerie du Premier Ministre
Rue de la Loi 16
B-1000 Bruxelles - Belgium"
institution-url="http://www.webguide.belgium.be/fr/documentation/cr%C3%A9er-et-traiter-des-pdf-accessibles/travailler-avec-des-signets/ajouter-les-signets-d"
opened="2010-10-11"
closed="soon"
name="Jean-François H."
group=""
comment=""
/>
<bug institution-name="Belgian Stability Programme"
institution-address="Cabinet Minister of Finance
Rue de la Loi 12
@ -25,18 +37,6 @@ BELGIUM "
comment=""
/>
<bug institution-name="SPF Chancellerie du Premier Ministre"
institution-address="Service public fédéral (SPF) Chancellerie du Premier Ministre
Rue de la Loi 16
B-1000 Bruxelles - Belgium"
institution-url="http://www.webguide.belgium.be/fr/documentatie/cr%C3%A9er-et-traiter-des-pdf-accessibles/travailler-avec-des-signets/ajouter-les-signets-di"
opened="2010-10-11"
closed=""
name="Jean-François H."
group=""
comment=""
/>
<bug institution-name="SPF Affaires étrangères, Commerce extérieur et Coopération au Développement"
institution-address="
rue des Petits Carmes 15 1000 Bruxelles Belgique "
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ work Hôtel de Ville
4000 Liège - Belgium"
institution-url="http://www.liege.be/infos/offres"
opened="2010-10-11"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Jean-François H."
group=""
comment=""
@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ Belgium"
institution-address="Belgium"
institution-url="http://www.ccrek.be/en/Publications.htm"
opened="2010-10-11"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Jean-François H."
group=""
comment=""
@ -301,10 +301,10 @@ Belgium"
, Belgique"
institution-url="http://formulaires.wallonie.be/index.jsp"
opened="2010-10-12"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Pascal D."
group=""
comment=""
comment="added link to PDFreaders"
/>
<bug institution-name="Le FOREM"
@ -351,10 +351,10 @@ Belgium"
institution-address="30 Avenue des Arts, 1040 Bruxelles"
institution-url="http://www.debtagency.fgov.be/fr_help.htm"
opened="2010-10-12"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Cyril Soldani"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="SDCF Pensions"
@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ Belgium"
closed="2010-11-24"
name="Cyril Soldani"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added link to PDF readers"
/>
<bug institution-name="SPF Finances"
@ -451,17 +451,17 @@ Belgium"
institution-address="Avenue des Arts 30, 1040 BRUXELLES"
institution-url="http://www.allocationsfamiliales.fgov.be/help/default.htm"
opened="2010-10-12"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Cyril Soldani"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Parlement Wallon"
institution-address="Square Arthur Masson 6, 5012 Namur"
institution-url="http://parlement.wallonie.be/content/default.php?p=pod&amp;id_ag=7379&amp;pl=q"
opened="2010-10-12"
closed=""
closed="2010-11-24"
name="Cyril Soldani"
group=""
comment=""
@ -491,10 +491,10 @@ Belgium"
institution-address="Chaussée de Charleroi 83 B, 5000 Namur"
institution-url="http://formulaires.wallonie.be/index.jsp"
opened="2010-10-12"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Cyril Soldani"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added link to PDFreaders"
/>
</buglist>

View File

@ -61,10 +61,10 @@
institution-address="Schwarzenburgstrasse 165, 3097, Liebefeld"
institution-url="http://www.bag.admin.ch/k_m_meldesystem/00733/00814/index.html?lang=de"
opened="2010-09-15"
closed=""
closed="soon"
name="Lucas Bickel"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv"
@ -614,10 +614,10 @@
institution-address="Grabenstr. 9, 7000 Chur"
institution-url="http://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/dvs/kiga/dokumentation/Seiten/default.aspx"
opened="2010-09-14"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Philipp"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Kantonale Steuerverwaltung Appenzell-Innerrhoden"
institution-address="Marktgasse 2, 9050 Appenzell"
@ -689,16 +689,6 @@
comment=""
/>
<bug institution-name="Bundesamt für Gesundheit BAG"
institution-address="3003 Bern"
institution-url="http://www.bag.admin.ch/dokumentation/publikationen/01435/07914/index.html?lang=de"
opened="2010-09-14"
closed=""
name="Danilo"
group="Piratenpartei Schweiz"
comment=""
/>
<bug institution-name="Bundesamt für Statistik BFS"
institution-address="Espace de lEurope 10, 2010 Neuchâtel"
institution-url="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/iariw/en/index/11.html"
@ -768,21 +758,12 @@
group="Piratenpartei Schweiz"
comment=""
/>
<bug institution-name="Stadt Zürich Finanzdepartement"
institution-address="Stadt Zürich Internetdienste Stadthausquai 17 8022 Zürich"
institution-url="http://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/fd/de/index/steuern/formulare_merkblaetter.html"
opened="2010-09-16"
closed=""
name="Daniel Bächle"
group=""
comment=""
/>
<bug institution-name="Datenschutzbeauftragter des Kantons Zug"
institution-address="Regierungsgebäude/Postplatz, Postfach 156, 6301, Zug"
institution-url="http://www.datenschutz-zug.ch/"
opened="2010-09-16"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Lucas Bickel"
group=""
comment=""
@ -1649,7 +1630,7 @@
institution-address="Via Cons 2, 7180, Disentis/Mustér"
institution-url="http://www.disentis-muster.ch/scripts/index.asp?Lang=D&amp;L1=1&amp;L2=2&amp;L3=2&amp;ID=mitteilungen.asp"
opened="2010-09-17"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Lucas Bickel"
group=""
comment=""
@ -1699,7 +1680,7 @@
institution-address="Kreuzmatte 3, 3535, Schüpbach"
institution-url="http://www.signau.ch/dienstleistungen/downloads.html"
opened="2010-09-17"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Lucas Bickel"
group=""
comment=""
@ -2565,7 +2546,7 @@ Dorf 6 / Postfach 18
institution-address="Dorfstrasse 6, 8165, Oberweningen"
institution-url="http://www.oberweningen.ch/de/toolbar/impressum/"
opened="2010-09-29"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Lucas Bickel"
group=""
comment=""
@ -2658,7 +2639,7 @@ Bremgartenstrasse 2
institution-address="Unterdorfstrasse 3, 6276, Hohenrain"
institution-url="http://www.hohenrain.ch/de/toolbar2/impressum/"
opened="2010-09-29"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Lucas Bickel"
group=""
comment=""
@ -2823,16 +2804,6 @@ Bremgartenstrasse 2
comment=""
/>
<bug institution-name="Schulhaus Hof"
institution-address="Sturzeneggstrasse 33, 9015, St. Gallen"
institution-url="http://www.schulehof.ch/"
opened="2010-09-30"
closed=""
name="Lucas Bickel"
group=""
comment=""
/>
<bug institution-name="BZG Bildungszentrum Gesundheit Basel-Stadt"
institution-address="Binningerstrasse 2, 4142, Münchenstein"
institution-url="http://www.bzgbs.ch/default.aspx?code=0050"
@ -2917,10 +2888,10 @@ Bremgartenstrasse 2
institution-address="St. Alban-Graben 16, 4010, Basel"
institution-url="http://www.kunstkreditbasel.ch/impressum.htm"
opened="2010-09-30"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Lucas Bickel"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Feuerwehr Stadt Olten"
@ -3017,10 +2988,10 @@ Bremgartenstrasse 2
institution-address="Gemeindeverwaltung Saanen, 3792 Saanen"
institution-url="http://www.schulen.saanen.ch/de/toolbar/impressum/"
opened="2010-09-30"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Lucas Bickel"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Gemeindeverwaltung Degersheim"
@ -3137,10 +3108,10 @@ Bremgartenstrasse 2
institution-address="Schwerzistrasse 7, 6017, Ruswil"
institution-url="http://www.ruswil.ch/de/toolbar/impressum/"
opened="2010-09-30"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Lucas Bickel"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Gemeindeverwaltung Hitzkirch"
@ -3387,10 +3358,10 @@ Bremgartenstrasse 2
institution-address="Dürntnerstrasse 8, 8340, Hinwil"
institution-url="http://www.hinwil.ch/de/toolbar/impressum/"
opened="2010-09-30"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Lucas Bickel"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Gemeindeverwaltung Bottmingen"
@ -3506,7 +3477,7 @@ Bremgartenstrasse 2
institution-address="Rathausplatz 2, 9450, Altstätten"
institution-url="http://www.altstaetten.ch/de/toolbar/impressum/"
opened="2010-09-30"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Lucas Bickel"
group=""
comment=""
@ -3536,7 +3507,7 @@ Bremgartenstrasse 2
institution-address="Saurenbachstrasse 6, 8708 Männedorf"
institution-url="http://www.infrastruktur-maennedorf.ch/de/toolbar/impressum/"
opened="2010-09-30"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Lucas Bickel"
group=""
comment=""
@ -3686,10 +3657,10 @@ Bremgartenstrasse 2
institution-address="Albisstrasse 2, 8932, Mettmenstetten"
institution-url="http://www.mettmenstetten.ch/de/toolbar/impressum/"
opened="2010-09-30"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Lucas Bickel"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Gemeindeverwaltung Rüschlikon"
@ -3814,7 +3785,7 @@ Bremgartenstrasse 2
institution-address="Alb.-Zwyssig-Strasse 76, 5430, Wettingen"
institution-url="http://www.schule-wettingen.ch/de/toolbar2/impressum/"
opened="2010-10-15"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Lucas Bickel"
group=""
comment=""
@ -3834,7 +3805,7 @@ Bremgartenstrasse 2
institution-address="Schulverwaltung Lättenstrasse 55, 8142, Uitikon"
institution-url="http://www.schule-uitikon.ch/de/toolbar2/impressum/"
opened="2010-10-15"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Lucas Bickel"
group=""
comment=""
@ -3924,7 +3895,7 @@ Bremgartenstrasse 2
institution-address="Bremgartnerstrasse 22, 8953, Dietikon"
institution-url="http://www.dietikon.ch/de/toolbar2/impressum/"
opened="2010-10-15"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Lucas Bickel"
group=""
comment=""

View File

@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ poštovní schránka 21
institution-address="Úřad MČ Praha 2, náměstí Míru 20/600, 120 39 Praha 2"
institution-url="http://www.praha2.cz/14978_Prohlaseni-o-pristupnosti"
opened="2010-10-01"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-03"
name="Danc"
group=""
comment=""

View File

@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
institution-address="Heinrich-Mann-Allee 107 14473 Potsdam"
institution-url="http://www.mdf.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/lbm1.c.224141.de/bbo_downloads"
opened="2010-09-07"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-16"
name="Maelle"
group=""
/>
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
institution-address="Marktplatz, 7/1, 88400, Biberach Riß"
institution-url="http://www.biberach-riss.de/index.phtml?La=1&amp;sNavID=1516.116&amp;mNavID=1516.116&amp;object=tx|1516.187.1&amp;sub=0"
opened="2010-09-13"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-16"
name="Matthias Ableitner"
group=""
/>
@ -135,18 +135,31 @@ D - 10178 Berlin-Mitte"
institution-address="Ruppmannstr. 21 70565 Stuttgart"
institution-url="http://www.rp.baden-wuerttemberg.de/servlet/PB/menu/1099506/index.html"
opened="2010-09-13"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Kai Dombrowe"
group=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Regierungspräsidium Tübingen"
institution-address="Konrad Adenauer Str 20 72072 Tübingen"
institution-url="http://www.rp.baden-wuerttemberg.de/servlet/PB/menu/1321060/index.html"
opened="2010-09-13"
closed="2010-12-09"
name="MC"
group=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Regierungspräsidium Karlsruhe"
institution-address="Pressestelle 76247 Karlsruhe"
institution-url="http://www.rp.baden-wuerttemberg.de/servlet/PB/menu/1073841/index.html"
opened="2010-09-13"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-01"
closedby="FSFE"
name="Kai Dombrowe"
group=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Hessische Landesregierung"
@ -180,9 +193,10 @@ D - 10178 Berlin-Mitte"
institution-address="Messplatz 1; 76855 Annweiler"
institution-url="http://www.vg-annweiler.de/vg_annweiler/B%C3%BCrgerservice/Online%20B%C3%BCrgerb%C3%BCro/Online-Formulare/"
opened="2010-09-13"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Andre B."
group=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Regierung von Oberfranken"
@ -302,6 +316,17 @@ D - 10178 Berlin-Mitte"
group=""
/>
<bug institution-name="Bundesamt für Naturschutz"
institution-address=""
institution-url="http://www.bfn.de/faq.html"
opened="2010-10-13"
closed="2010-12-17"
closedby="mk"
name="mk"
group=""
/>
<bug institution-name="Stadt Fuerth"
institution-address="Königstraße 88, 90762 Fürth"
institution-url="http://www.fuerth.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-44/"
@ -414,9 +439,9 @@ D - 10178 Berlin-Mitte"
institution-address="Richard-Strauss-Allee, 11, 60598, Frankfurt am Main"
institution-url="http://www.bkg.bund.de/nn_147438/DE/Service/Hilfe/hilfe__node.html__nnn=true"
opened="2010-09-13"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-16"
name="florian walther"
group=""
group="added link to pdfreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Der Beauftragte der Bundesregierung für die Neuen Bundesländer"
@ -511,7 +536,7 @@ D - 10178 Berlin-Mitte"
<bug institution-name="Landratsamt Bodenseekreis"
institution-address="Glärnischstraße, 1-3, 88045, Friedrichshafen"
institution-url="http://www.bodenseekreis.de/265.html"
institution-url="http://www.bodenseekreis.de/verkehr-wirtschaft/schifffahrt/bodenseeschifferpatent/online-anmeldung-bodenseeschifferpatent-fuer-segelschulen.html"
opened="2010-09-13"
closed=""
name="OS"
@ -764,7 +789,7 @@ D - 10178 Berlin-Mitte"
<bug institution-name="Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart"
institution-address="Marktplatz 1, 70173 Stuttgart"
institution-url="http://stuttgart.de/item/show/339360#headline4c8e2c4c312ec"
institution-url="http://www.stuttgart.de/stellenangebote"
opened="2010-09-13"
closed=""
name="Philipp"
@ -1009,18 +1034,20 @@ D - 10178 Berlin-Mitte"
institution-address="Ruppmannstr. 21, 70565 Stuttgart"
institution-url="http://www.rp.baden-wuerttemberg.de/servlet/PB/menu/1099506/index.html"
opened="2010-09-13"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-06"
name="J-B"
group=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Regierungspräsidium Baden-Württemberg"
institution-address="Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart, Ruppmannstraße 21, 70565 Stuttgart"
institution-url="http://www.rp.baden-wuerttemberg.de/servlet/PB/menu/1102834/index.html"
opened="2010-09-13"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="J-B"
group=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
@ -1037,7 +1064,8 @@ D - 10178 Berlin-Mitte"
institution-address="Zentrale Stelle für die Vollzugsunterstützung (ZSV) beim Regierungspräsidium Tübingen Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 20 72072 Tübingen "
institution-url="http://www.gaa.baden-wuerttemberg.de/servlet/is/16179/"
opened="2010-09-13"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-01"
closedby="FSFE"
name="J-B"
group=""
/>
@ -1270,15 +1298,6 @@ Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 3"
group=""
/>
<bug institution-name="Niedersächsischer Landtag"
institution-address="Stettiner Straße 3, 37127 Scheden"
institution-url="http://www.landtag-niedersachsen.de/rechtsvorschriften/"
opened="2010-09-14"
closed="2010-11-29"
name="Sören Hoop"
group=""
/>
<bug institution-name="Hessischer Landtag"
institution-address="Stettiner Straße 3, 37127 Scheden"
institution-url="http://starweb.hessen.de/starweb/LIS/hilfeseitetiffprobleme.htm"
@ -1389,7 +1408,7 @@ Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 3"
<bug institution-name="Bundesverwaltungsgericht"
institution-address="Simsonplatz 1 04107 Leipzig "
institution-url="http://www.bverwg.de/enid/1812762267bc6919fb4f4a2c5aa84237,0/Entscheidungssuche/Hilfe_zur_Entscheidungssuche_b2.html"
institution-url="http://www.bverwg.de/enid/0,92918d655f76696577092d097375636868696c6665093a095f7472636964092d093133333431/Entscheidungen/Entscheidungssuche_ny.html"
opened="2010-09-14"
closed=""
name="Kai Dombrowe"
@ -1480,10 +1499,10 @@ Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 3"
institution-address="Martin-Luther-Ring, 4-6, 04109, Leipzig"
institution-url="http://www.leipzig.de/de/buerger/service/wegweiser/formulare/"
opened="2010-09-14"
closed=""
closed="in progress"
name="CP"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added link to pdfreaders.org on notified page, are progressively changing the rest"
/>
<bug institution-name="Landgericht Regensburg"
@ -1500,7 +1519,7 @@ Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 3"
institution-address="Postfach 20 20 63, 80020 München"
institution-url="http://www.schloesser.bayern.de/englisch/help.htm"
opened="2010-09-14"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-08"
name="genodeftest"
group=""
comment=""
@ -1571,10 +1590,10 @@ Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 3"
institution-address="Rathausplatz 1, 93047 Regensburg"
institution-url="http://www.regensburg.de/kulturundkongress/rkk/archiv/wettbewerb_2004/index.shtml"
opened="2010-09-14"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="genodeftest"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
@ -1663,7 +1682,8 @@ Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 3"
institution-address="Schwanenwall 27, 44135 Dortmund"
institution-url="http://www.lkg-sachsen.de/formulare.html"
opened="2010-09-15"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-01"
closedby="FSFE"
name="Sebastian"
group=""
comment=""
@ -1766,9 +1786,10 @@ Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 3"
institution-address="Marktstraße, 4, 97340, Marktbreit"
institution-url="http://www.marktbreit.info/56.html?&amp;tx_ttnews[tt_news]=376&amp;tx_ttnews[backPid]=55"
opened="2010-09-13"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Andreas"
group=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Bundesamt für Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung"
institution-address="Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str. 1 56073 Koblenz"
@ -1783,10 +1804,10 @@ Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 3"
institution-address="Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 1, 57875, Hemer"
institution-url="http://woeste.org/materialien/index.html"
opened="2010-09-14"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Maximilian"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Stadt Langenfeld/Rheinland"
@ -2021,7 +2042,8 @@ Düsseldorfer Platz 1, 09111 Chemnitz"
institution-address="Fachbereich KI 35, 65173 Wiesbaden "
institution-url="http://www.bka.de/pks/pks2002/index2.html"
opened="2010-09-15"
closed=""
closed="2010-11-26"
closedby="FSFE"
name="MM"
group=""
comment=""
@ -2081,7 +2103,7 @@ Düsseldorfer Platz 1, 09111 Chemnitz"
institution-address="Adenauerallee 86 53113 Bonn"
institution-url="http://www.bpb.de/publikationen/01150210002035319381447761550047,0,0,Medienp<6E>dagogik_Offene_Kan<61>le.html"
opened="2010-09-16"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-21"
name="Jonathan Schmidt-Dominé"
group=""
comment=""
@ -2150,11 +2172,12 @@ D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen "
institution-address="Stuttgarter Str. 1, 91710 Gunzenhausen"
institution-url="http://www.hetzner.de/de/hosting/kontakte/downloads/"
opened="2010-09-16"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Axel"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Stadt Ettlignen"
institution-address="Am Marktplatz 2, 76275 Ettlingen"
institution-url="http://www.ettlingen.de/servlet/PB/menu/1252935_l1/index.html?pbanker=pdf-Dokumente#pdf-Dokumente"
@ -2178,7 +2201,8 @@ D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen "
institution-address="Hauptstraße 9, 79423 Heitersheim"
institution-url="http://www.heitersheim.de/de/index/index.php4?linkid=B-1-1&amp;site_id=539&amp;bereichid=1&amp;ebene1_id=2&amp;ebene2_id=285&amp;cont_site_id=692&amp;z_site_id=0"
opened="2010-09-16"
closed=""
closed="2010-11-30"
closedby="FSFE"
name="Philipp"
group=""
comment=""
@ -2446,10 +2470,10 @@ D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen "
institution-address="siehe http://www.rp.baden-wuerttemberg.de/servlet/PB/menu/1036561/index.html"
institution-url="http://www.rp.baden-wuerttemberg.de/servlet/PB/menu/1071779/index.html"
opened="2010-09-17"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="MM"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Stadt Wolfenbüttel"
@ -2496,10 +2520,10 @@ D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen "
institution-address="Kölner Straße 75, 53879, Euskirchen"
institution-url="http://www.euskirchen.de/index.php?id=9#c4679"
opened="2010-09-20"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="aa"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Stadt Meckenheim"
@ -3128,7 +3152,8 @@ D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen "
institution-address="Hautpstraße, 68, 86668, Karlshuld"
institution-url="http://www.karlshuld.de/index.php?id=0,39"
opened="2010-09-30"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="Rainer Schmitz"
name="Rainer Schmitz"
group=""
comment=""
@ -3138,7 +3163,8 @@ D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen "
institution-address="Bahnhofstraße, 2, 91781, Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen"
institution-url="http://www.landkreis-wug.de/index.php?id=196,125"
opened="2010-09-30"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="Rainer Schmitz"
name="Rainer Schmitz"
group=""
comment=""
@ -3148,7 +3174,8 @@ D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen "
institution-address="Marktplatz, 21/23, 84140, Gangkofen"
institution-url="http://www.gangkofen.de/index.php?id=201,44"
opened="2010-09-30"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="Rainer Schmitz"
name="Rainer Schmitz"
group=""
comment=""
@ -3158,7 +3185,8 @@ D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen "
institution-address="Rathausstraße, 1, 85614, Kirchseeon"
institution-url="http://www.kirchseeon.de/index.php?id=0,39"
opened="2010-09-30"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="Rainer Schmitz"
name="Rainer Schmitz"
group=""
comment=""
@ -3168,7 +3196,8 @@ D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen "
institution-address=" Ludwigstraße, 15 , 95213, Münchberg "
institution-url="http://www.muenchberg.de/index.php?id=0,25"
opened="2010-09-30"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="Rainer Schmitz"
name="Rainer Schmitz"
group=""
comment=""
@ -3307,7 +3336,8 @@ D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen "
institution-address="Helmuth-Hörstmann-Weg, 1, 29221, Celle"
institution-url="http://celle.de/index.phtml?mNavID=342.48&amp;sNavID=342.48&amp;La=1"
opened="2010-09-30"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="Rainer Schmitz"
name="Rainer Schmitz"
group=""
comment=""
@ -3327,10 +3357,10 @@ D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen "
institution-address="Leopoldstraße, 15, 32756, Detmold"
institution-url="http://www.bezreg-detmold.nrw.de/500_Service/020_Formulare/index.php"
opened="2010-09-30"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Rainer Schmitz"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Stadt Bremen"
@ -3554,7 +3584,7 @@ D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen "
institution-address="Richard-Wagner-Platz 1, 26135 Oldenburg"
institution-url="http://www.oberlandesgericht-oldenburg.niedersachsen.de/live/live.php?navigation_id=22143&amp;article_id=79952&amp;_psmand=136"
opened="2010-10-07"
closed=""
closed="soon"
name="PDF"
group=""
comment=""
@ -4073,10 +4103,10 @@ D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen "
institution-address="Rathausplatz 3 47929 Grefrath"
institution-url="http://grefrath.de/C125755B003AB643/html/01625B5330FD0D10C125759900271E6D?opendocument&amp;nid1=65321"
opened="2010-10-11"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Jochen"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Stadt Kempen"
@ -4113,20 +4143,20 @@ D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen "
institution-address="Markt 20 41366 Schwalmtal"
institution-url="http://www.schwalmtal.de/C12574A4002A59B9/html/1E3027E01AFDE888C12574A9003E9CE4?opendocument&amp;nid1=99624"
opened="2010-10-11"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Jochen"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Stadt Tönisvorst"
institution-address="Bahnstraße 15 47918 Tönisvorst"
institution-url="http://toenisvorst.de/C125759100308841/html/AB31CDC3A15B7550C12575BD00225AE3?opendocument&amp;nid1=92323"
opened="2010-10-11"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Jochen"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Stadt Viersen"
@ -4334,6 +4364,7 @@ D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen "
institution-url="http://www.justiz.niedersachsen.de/live/live.php?navigation_id=13293&amp;_psmand=50"
opened="2010-10-12"
closed="2010-11-29"
closedby="FSFE"
name="PDF"
group=""
comment=""
@ -4412,10 +4443,10 @@ D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen "
institution-address="Hinrich-Wilhelm-Kopf-Platz 1 30159 Hannover"
institution-url="http://www.landtag-niedersachsen.de/ltnds/live/admin/live.php?cms_id=353"
opened="2010-10-15"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Lorenz Wenner"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Amtsgericht Eschweiler"
@ -4588,16 +4619,6 @@ D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen "
comment=""
/>
<bug institution-name=" Ministerium für Ernährung und Ländlichen Raum"
institution-address="Ruppmannstraße 21 70565 Stuttgart"
institution-url="http://www.rp.baden-wuerttemberg.de/servlet/PB/menu/1102834/index.html"
opened="2010-10-15"
closed=""
name="Lorenz Wenner"
group=""
comment=""
/>
<bug institution-name="Landgericht Düsseldorf"
institution-address="Werdener Straße 1, 40227 Düsseldorf"
institution-url="http://www.lg-duesseldorf.nrw.de/wir_ueber_uns/gvp/index.php"
@ -4842,7 +4863,7 @@ D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen "
institution-address="Ernst-Ludwig-Str. 3, 55116 Mainz"
institution-url="http://www.justiz.rlp.de/Ministerium/Service/"
opened="2010-10-16"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-16"
name="PDF"
group=""
comment=""

View File

@ -329,10 +329,10 @@
institution-address="Plaza de Sta. Cruz, nº 8 47002. Valladolid"
institution-url="http://www.uva.es/cocoon_uva/impe/uva/contenido?pag=/portal/administracion/ayuda"
opened="2010-09-20"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Pablo Castellano"
group=""
comment=""
comment="listed BePDF Evince ePDFView psview pdfreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Universidad de Sevilla"
@ -493,10 +493,10 @@
institution-address="03690 San Vicente del Raspeig - Alicante"
institution-url="http://www.cde.ua.es/cde/pdf.htm"
opened="2010-10-03"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Tun Luek"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Ayuntamiento de San Sebastian"
institution-address="Ijentea 1, 20003 Donostia-San Sebastián"
@ -541,11 +541,10 @@
institution-address="Concello de Ourense| Praza Maior nº1 | 32005 Ourense "
institution-url="http://www.ourense.es/portalOurense/home.jsp?language=es"
opened="2010-10-17"
closed=""
name="Juan A. Añel
"
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Juan A. Añel"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
</buglist>
</set>

View File

@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ BP 71014
institution-address="Ministère de l'Economie, de l'Industrie et de l'Emploi
Service de la communication
139, rue de Bercy 75012 PARIS "
institution-url="http://www.minefi.gouv.fr/DGCCRF/boccrf/certificat/index.html"
institution-url="http://www.minefi.gouv.fr/performance/propos_site.htm"
opened="2010-10-12"
closed=""
name="JF Cauche"
@ -1070,7 +1070,7 @@ France"
<bug institution-name="Direction des Ressources Humaines de l'Armée de Terre"
institution-address="60 bis Boulevard Thiers 37 061 TOURS Cedex"
institution-url="http://www.cofat.terre.defense.gouv.fr/Accueil/VotreEspace/Documentation/Index.htm"
institution-url="http://www.formation.terre.defense.gouv.fr/PJ/Documents/Decouverte/ODF/Lycees/Documents/modeemploi.pdf"
opened="2010-10-14"
closed=""
name="STAMS"

View File

@ -13,10 +13,11 @@
group=""
/>
<bug institution-name="Servis Vlade Republike Hrvatske"
institution-address="TRG SV. MARKA 2, 10 000, ZAGREB"
institution-address="Vukovarska 70, 10000, Zagreb
"
institution-url="http://www.hitro.hr/Default.aspx?sec=63"
opened="2010-09-13"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-22"
name="Luka Marčetić"
contact="Contact in Croatian: Marko Dimjasevic - marko@dimjasevic.net"
group=""
@ -25,7 +26,8 @@
institution-address="Ulica grada Vukovara 33, 10000, Zagreb"
institution-url="http://www.mup.hr/8122.aspx"
opened="2010-09-15"
closed=""
closed="2010-11-30"
closedby="Marko Dimjašević"
name="Marko Dimjašević"
contact="Contact in Croatian: Marko Dimjasevic - marko@dimjasevic.net"
group=""
@ -36,7 +38,8 @@
institution-address="Ulica grada Vukovara 78, 10000, Zagreb"
institution-url="http://www.mingorp.hr/defaulteng.aspx?id=681"
opened="2010-09-15"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-01"
closedby="Marko Dimjašević"
name="Marko Dimjašević"
contact="Contact in Croatian: Marko Dimjasevic - marko@dimjasevic.net"
group=""

View File

@ -51,7 +51,8 @@
institution-address="Via Assarotti 40, 16122, Genova"
institution-url="http://www.istruzioneliguria.it/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=308&amp;Itemid=383"
opened="2010-09-13"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Paolo"
group=""
/>
@ -105,7 +106,8 @@
institution-address="Lungargine Piovego 2/3, 35131, Padova"
institution-url="http://www.unipd.it/web/guida.htm"
opened="2010-09-13"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Paolo"
group=""
/>
@ -141,7 +143,8 @@
institution-address="Piazza S.Giovanni in Laterano, 4 - Città Del Vaticano"
institution-url="http://cms.pul.it/jx-link/71/2966"
opened="2010-09-14"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Paolo"
group=""
/>
@ -322,7 +325,8 @@
institution-address="Piazza del Popolo 1 48121 Ravenna"
institution-url="http://www.comune.ra.it/Aree-Tematiche/Ambiente-Territorio-e-Mobilita/Sistema-Informativo-Territoriale-SIT/Download"
opened="2010-09-16"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Massimo Gambi"
group="Ravenna LUG"
comment=""
@ -384,10 +388,11 @@
/>
<bug institution-name="Comune di Vedano al Lambro"
institution-address="20057"
institution-address=""
institution-url="http://www.vedanolambro.it/territorio/pgt/menu.asp"
opened="2010-09-22"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="bolo"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -503,7 +508,8 @@
institution-address="Palazzo Ducale, Piazza Matteotti 24r Genova"
institution-url="http://www.informagiovani.comune.genova.it/portal/page/categoryItem?contentId=524704"
opened="2010-09-22"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Massimo Barbieri"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -673,7 +679,8 @@
institution-address="Piazza Mazzini, 49 - 36042 (Vi)"
institution-url="http://www.comune.breganze.vi.it/"
opened="2010-09-22"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -713,10 +720,11 @@
institution-address="Piazza Diritti dei Bambini 1, 20060 Bussero (MI)"
institution-url="http://www.comune.bussero.mi.it/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=86&amp;Itemid=202"
opened="2010-09-22"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
comment="added link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Comune di Ameglia"
@ -817,7 +825,8 @@
institution-address="Piazza Garibaldi 1, 07037, Sorso"
institution-url="http://www.comune.sorso.ss.it/"
opened="2010-09-22"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -1238,7 +1247,8 @@
institution-address="Via del Castello 133 - 56040 Casale Marittimo (Pisa)"
institution-url="http://www.comune.casale-marittimo.pi.it/gare.htm"
opened="2010-09-23"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -1556,7 +1566,8 @@
institution-address="Viale Martiri della Libertà, 34 - 41121 Modena "
institution-url="http://www.lavoro.provincia.modena.it/disabili/aziende/default.htm"
opened="2010-09-23"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -1566,7 +1577,8 @@
institution-address="Via Agostino Bertani, 41 - 10137 TORINO"
institution-url="http://www.motorizzazionetorino.it/"
opened="2010-09-23"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="alle"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -1726,7 +1738,8 @@
institution-address="via Cristoforo Colombo, 426 C/D 00145 Roma"
institution-url="http://www.agenziaentrate.gov.it/wps/wcm/connect/Nsilib/Nsi/Guide/Guida+alla+ricerca/"
opened="2010-09-24"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Federico Leva"
group=""
comment=""
@ -1827,7 +1840,8 @@
institution-address="Piazzale Leonardo Da Vinci n° 8 scala F 1° piano - Mestre Venezia"
institution-url="http://www.ipasvive.it/notiziario.htm"
opened="2010-09-24"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -1927,10 +1941,11 @@
institution-address="Corso Nizza, 21 - 12100 Cuneo"
institution-url="http://www.provincia.cuneo.it/informazioni/help/index.jsp"
opened="2010-09-25"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
comment="added a link to pdfreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Centro per il Turismo Culturale della Provincia di Lecce"
@ -2027,7 +2042,8 @@
institution-address="Viale Matteotti 147 - 18100 Imperia"
institution-url="http://pianidibacino.provincia.imperia.it/site/9912/default.aspx"
opened="2010-09-25"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -2077,7 +2093,8 @@
institution-address="Via Don Maraglio, 4 - 46100 Mantova"
institution-url="http://sintesi.provincia.mantova.it/portale/Default.aspx?tabid=36"
opened="2010-09-25"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -2266,7 +2283,8 @@
institution-address="Corso Vittorio Emanuele II 17, 26100 Cremona"
institution-url="http://www.atlanteambientale.it/"
opened="2010-09-27"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -2673,7 +2691,8 @@
institution-address="Via dei Mille 2 - 28100 Novara"
institution-url="http://www.asl13.novara.it/e111/intro.php"
opened="2010-09-28"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -3401,7 +3420,8 @@
institution-address="Valle d'Aosta - Via Caduti Libertà 20 - 11029"
institution-url="http://www.comune.verres.ao.it/it/amministrazione/pubblicazioni/albo-pretorio-on-line.aspx"
opened="2010-09-29"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -3779,7 +3799,8 @@
institution-address="Via Chiavari, 13 - 43100 Parma (PR)"
institution-url="http://www.motorizzazioneparma.it/Risorse.aspx"
opened="2010-10-01"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -3989,7 +4010,8 @@
institution-address="Via Palladio, 8 Palazzo Florio 33100 Udine "
institution-url="http://sba.bib.uniud.it/scienze/cisb/aree/risorselettroniche.html"
opened="2010-10-03"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -4187,10 +4209,10 @@
institution-address="Piazza del Magistrato, 2 I- 39038 San Candido"
institution-url="http://www.comune.sancandido.bz.it/it/amministrazione/delibere.asp?redas=yes&amp;somepubl_page=10"
opened="2010-10-05"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
comment="added a logo link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Comune di Silvi"
@ -4233,15 +4255,6 @@
comment=""
/>
<bug institution-name="Informagiovani Genova"
institution-address="Palazzo Ducale, Piazza Matteotti 24r GENOVA"
institution-url="http://www.informagiovani.comune.genova.it/portal/template/viewTemplate?templateId=3k3zaak3w3_layout_mhnmfok3w6.psml"
opened="2010-10-06"
closed=""
name="alle"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
/>
<bug institution-name="Comune di Sesto San Giovanni"
institution-address="Piazza della Resistenza, 20 - 20099 Sesto San Giovanni"
institution-url="http://www.sestosg.net/modulieregolamenti/"
@ -4286,10 +4299,10 @@
institution-address="Via Portici 192 - 39012 Merano"
institution-url="http://www.comune.merano.bz.it/it/460.asp?redas=yes&amp;someforms_action=4&amp;someforms_article_id=23421"
opened="2010-10-06"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Federico Lanzalotta"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added a logo linking to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Comune di Torino"
@ -4345,7 +4358,8 @@
institution-address="Piazza Matteotti 29, 55045 Pietrasanta (LU)"
institution-url="http://www.comune.pietrasanta.lu.it/index.php?id=1860"
opened="2010-10-08"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -4493,10 +4507,10 @@
institution-address="Largo Felice Cavallotti, 1 - 58022 Follonica (Grosseto) "
institution-url="http://www.comune.follonica.gr.it/il_comune/regolamenti/il_consiglio_comunale/"
opened="2010-10-13"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
comment="added a logo linking to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Comune di Tonezza del Cimone"
@ -4512,7 +4526,8 @@
institution-address="80030 Mariglianella (NA)"
institution-url="http://www.iccarduccimariglianella.com/news.php"
opened="2010-10-15"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="alle"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -4571,7 +4586,8 @@
institution-address="Via M. Ruta, 13 - Casolla di Caserta"
institution-url="http://www.scuolavanvitellicaserta.it/moduli_da_scaricare.htm"
opened="2010-10-15"
closed=""
closed="in progress"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="alle"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -4621,7 +4637,8 @@
institution-address="Via Petracco, 8 33100 - Udine - Italy"
institution-url="http://cdu.uniud.it/Iscrizioni.186.0.html"
opened="2010-10-16"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -4651,10 +4668,11 @@
institution-address="06034 FOLIGNO PG Via della Scuola di Arti e Mestieri "
institution-url="http://www.mediapiermarini.it/it/2009/09/03/graduatorie-doc/"
opened="2010-10-16"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
comment="added a link to pdfreaders"
/>
<bug institution-name="Liceo Classico Statale 'Cesare Beccaria'"
@ -4761,7 +4779,8 @@
institution-address="VIALE VIRGILIO 15 74100 TARANTO"
institution-url="http://www.liceoaristosseno.it/sito/index.php?option=faq&amp;Itemid=51"
opened="2010-10-16"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -4832,7 +4851,8 @@
institution-address="Via Raffaele Sanzio, 21 Troina (En)"
institution-url="http://www.scuolamediatroina.it/"
opened="2010-10-16"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="alle"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -4862,7 +4882,8 @@
institution-address="Via della Bassata n.19/21 - 57126 Livorno "
institution-url="http://www.liceoenriques.it/"
opened="2010-10-16"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -4892,7 +4913,8 @@
institution-address="Via Monsignor Brioschi (angolo Via Oslavia), 21049 Tradate (VA)"
institution-url="http://www.liceocurie.it/"
opened="2010-10-16"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -4912,7 +4934,8 @@
institution-address="via Martiri di Cefalonia, 46 - 20097 San Donato Milanese"
institution-url="http://www.levi.mi.it/html/index.php?sez=home&amp;artID=33"
opened="2010-10-16"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -4932,7 +4955,8 @@
institution-address="Via di Bravetta, 545 , 0164 Roma"
institution-url="http://www.liceomontaleroma.it/modules.php?name=Content&amp;pa=showpage&amp;pid=114"
opened="2010-10-16"
closed=""
closed="2010-10-17"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -4942,7 +4966,8 @@
institution-address="C.so Unione Sovietica 490 - 10135 Torino"
institution-url="http://www.iisprimolevi.it/Iscriz_Classe_Seconda.htm"
opened="2010-10-16"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-15"
closedby="LUG Scandiano"
name="Max-B"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
@ -4972,10 +4997,10 @@
institution-address="Via Valle - 04029 Sperlonga (LT)"
institution-url="http://www.icsperlonga.it/documenti.php"
opened="2010-10-16"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-14"
name="alle"
group="LUG Scandiano"
comment=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Istituto Italiano per la Storia Antica"
institution-address="Via Milano, 76 - 00184 Roma"

View File

@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
institution-address="29, rue Aldringen L-1118 Luxembourg"
institution-url="http://www.men.public.lu/functions/aide/telechargement_de_fichier/index.html"
opened="2010-09-14"
closed=""
closed="en cours"
name="Feltgen Claude"
group="Piratepartei Letzebuerg"
comment=""
@ -112,10 +112,10 @@
institution-address="1 Place Grand-Duchesse Charlotte, 8041 Strassen"
institution-url="http://www.strassen.lu/liens"
opened="2010-09-26"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Philipp"
group=""
comment=""
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Administration Communale de la Ville de Wiltz"

View File

@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
institution-address="Postbus 3000, 4380 GV, Vlissingen "
institution-url="http://www.vlissingen.nl/Gemeente-Vlissingen/Gemeente/Bestuur/College-van-BW-1/Portefeuilleverdeling.htm"
opened="2010-09-16"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="J.L. Woudt"
contact="Contact in Dutch: Jelle Hermsen - jelle@fsfe.org - +31 628 488 693 "
group=""

View File

@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
institution-address="Rua Prof. Gomes Teixeira, 2, 5.º 1399-022 LISBOA"
institution-url="http://www.simplex.pt/2009relatorio/index.html"
opened="2010-09-16"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Nuno Miguel dos Santos Baeta"
group=""
comment=""
@ -93,10 +93,10 @@
1049-056 LISBOA "
institution-url="http://www.novasoportunidades.gov.pt/outerFrame.jsp?link=http%3A//www.catalogo.anq.gov.pt/"
opened="2010-09-19"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Nuno Miguel dos Santos Baeta"
group=""
comment=""
comment="nothing to see on the website"
/>
<bug institution-name="Câmara Municipal de Coimbra"
institution-address="Praça 8 de Maio 3000-300 COIMBRA"

View File

@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
institution-address="14, Matei Voievod Street, sector 2, 021455, București"
institution-url="http://www.inspectiamuncii.ro/"
opened="2010-09-24"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-02"
name="Răzvan"
group=""
comment=""

View File

@ -26,7 +26,8 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 109097, г. Москва, ул. Ильинка, д. 9"
institution-url="http://www.roskazna.ru/reports/fb.html"
opened="2010-09-13"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Anna Levchenkova"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group="moscow-group"
@ -106,7 +107,8 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 454080, г. Челябинск,пр. Ленина, 79"
institution-url="http://www.r74.nalog.ru/document.php?id=90008&amp;topic=ms74"
opened="2010-09-13"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Sergey Matveev"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group="moscow-group"
@ -116,7 +118,8 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 191180, Санкт-Петербург, наб. реки Фонтанки, д. 76"
institution-url="http://www.r78.nalog.ru/document.php?id=117462&amp;topic=MO1-5"
opened="2010-09-13"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Sergey Matveev"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group="moscow-group"
@ -126,7 +129,8 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 450078, Уфа, проспект Салавата Юлаева, 59"
institution-url="http://www.r02.nalog.ru/document.php?id=82925&amp;topic=ar05_7"
opened="2010-09-13"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Sergey Matveev"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group="moscow-group"
@ -156,7 +160,8 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 650991, г. Кемерово, просп. Октябрьский, д. 3 г"
institution-url="http://www.to42.rosreestr.ru/about/juristics/registr/"
opened="2010-09-13"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Sergey Matveev"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group="moscow-group"
@ -172,16 +177,6 @@
group="moscow-group"
/>
<bug institution-name="Администрация города Владивостока"
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 690950, г. Владивосток, Океанский проспект, 20"
institution-url="http://vladcity.com/information/mayoraltybell/"
opened="2010-09-13"
closed=""
name="Vladimir Petukhov"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group="moscow-group"
/>
<bug institution-name="Генеральное консульство России в Сиднее"
institution-address="7-9 Fullerton Street, Woollahra NSW 2025. Sydney, Australia"
institution-url="http://www.sydneyrussianconsulate.com/istrebovanie.html"
@ -195,7 +190,8 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 614000 г. Пермь, ул. Ленина, 23"
institution-url="http://www.gorodperm.ru/structure/documents/official-published/"
opened="2010-09-13"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Vladimir Petukhov"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group="moscow-group"
@ -365,21 +361,22 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 404121, Волгоградская обл., г. Волжский, ул. Энгельса, д. 42а"
institution-url="http://library.volpi.ru/csp/library/StartPage.csp"
opened="2010-09-14"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Dmitry Igorevich"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group=""
comment="changed link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Федеральная служба судебных приставов"
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 107996, г. Москва, ул. Кузнецкий мост, 16/5, строение 1"
institution-url="http://www.fssprus.ru/docs.html"
opened="2010-09-14"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Ineiev"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group=""
comment=""
comment="changed link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Московский государственный университет леса"
@ -405,10 +402,11 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 164501, Архангельская область, г. Северодвинск, ул. Плюснина, д. 7"
institution-url="http://www.severodvinsk.info/?idmenu=139&amp;doc=108"
opened="2010-09-13"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Vladimir Petukhov"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group="moscow-group"
comment="added a link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Саратовский Государственный Медицинский Университет"
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 410012, Саратов, ГСП ул. Большая Казачья, 112"
@ -424,7 +422,8 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 426051, Удмуртская Республика, г. Ижевск, ул. М.Горького, 73"
institution-url="http://udmedu.ru/component/option,com_docman/task,doc_details/gid,193/Itemid,30/"
opened="2010-09-23"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Ineiev"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group=""
@ -435,7 +434,8 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 410005, г. Саратов, ул. Большая Горная, 314/320"
institution-url="http://www.social.saratov.gov.ru/socpassport/detail.php?IBLOCK_ID=26"
opened="2010-09-23"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Ineiev"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group=""
@ -457,7 +457,8 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 109074 г. Москва, Китайгородский проезд, дом 7"
institution-url="http://www.minprom.gov.ru/activity/energy/news/1755/print"
opened="2010-09-23"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Ineiev"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group=""
@ -479,7 +480,8 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 432063, г. Ульяновск, улица Кузнецова, дом 7, кабинет 3, 8, 9, 10"
institution-url="http://ulgik.ru/content/8"
opened="2010-09-25"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Ineiev"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group=""
@ -490,11 +492,11 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 664027, г. Иркутск, ул. Ленина, 1а"
institution-url="http://www.gfu.ru/mbudget/?PAGEN_1=3"
opened="2010-09-25"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Ineiev"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group=""
comment=""
comment="changed link to PDFreaders.org"
/>
<bug institution-name="Администрация города Нижневартовска"
@ -512,7 +514,8 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 620062, г. Екатеринбуг, ул. Первомайская 75"
institution-url="http://www.kiradm.ru/library/other/express"
opened="2010-09-25"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Ineiev"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group=""
@ -523,7 +526,8 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 396901, Воронежская область, город Семилуки, ул Ленина, д. 11"
institution-url="http://semiluki-gorod.ru/deputat/decision.html"
opened="2010-09-25"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Ineiev"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group=""
@ -545,7 +549,8 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 652600, Кемеровская обл., г. Белово, ул. Советская, 21"
institution-url="http://www.belovo42.ru/Publik/%EE%EA%F2%FF%E1%F0%FC/%E8%E7%E2%E5%F9%E5%ED%E8%E5.htm"
opened="2010-09-25"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Ineiev"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group=""
@ -589,7 +594,8 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 167000, г. Сыктывкар-ГСП-2, ул. Интернациональная, д. 160"
institution-url="http://komi.gks.ru/press/html/2006_02_01_02.asp"
opened="2010-10-07"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Ineiev"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group=""
@ -622,11 +628,12 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 667000, г. Кызыл, ул. Чульдум, д. 40"
institution-url="http://www.tuvastat.ru/public/Lists/publishing/bySubject.aspx"
opened="2010-10-07"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Ineiev"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group=""
comment=""
comment="replaced 'Adobe Acrobat Format' with 'PDF format'"
/>
<bug institution-name="Государственное общеобразовательное учреждение «Средняя общеобразовательная школа №559 с углубленным изучением физики и математики Выборгского района г.Санкт-Петербурга»"
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 194358, Санкт-Петербург, ул.Есенина, д.36, корпус 2"
@ -654,7 +661,8 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 397160, Воронежская область, г. Борисоглебск, пер. Суровикина, 1/48"
institution-url="http://gumnaziya.narod.ru/html/gymnazich/index.htm"
opened="2010-10-11"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Ineiev"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group=""
@ -676,7 +684,8 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 442963, Пензенская обл, г. Заречный, ул. Ленина, 7"
institution-url="http://www.sch225.org.ru/"
opened="2010-10-11"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Ineiev"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group=""
@ -700,7 +709,8 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 115563, Москва, Борисовский проезд, дом 13"
institution-url="http://www.sch996.edusite.ru/p46aa1.html"
opened="2010-10-11"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Ineiev"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group=""
@ -735,7 +745,8 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 109443, г. Москва, ул. Зеленодольская, 33, корп. 2"
institution-url="http://sch339.ru/"
opened="2010-10-11"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Ineiev"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group=""
@ -758,7 +769,8 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 414000, Астрахань, Володарского, 15"
institution-url="http://astroblduma.ru/vm/zakonodat_deyat/ProjectZakonAO/1285"
opened="2010-10-11"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Ineiev"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group=""
@ -780,7 +792,8 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 420060, Республика Татарстан, г.Казань, пл.Свободы, дом 1"
institution-url="http://www.gossov.tatarstan.ru/iresourses/vedomosti/"
opened="2010-10-11"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Ineiev"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group=""
@ -791,7 +804,8 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 620031, Екатеринбург, ул.Бориса Ельцина, д.10"
institution-url="http://www.duma.midural.ru/about/law_projects/proekt_zakona_sverdlovskojj_oblasti_ob_ustave"
opened="2010-10-11"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Ineiev"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group=""
@ -813,7 +827,8 @@
institution-address="Российская Федерация, 236007, Калининград, ул. Дм. Донского, 1"
institution-url="http://www2.gov39.ru/index.php?idpage=557"
opened="2010-10-11"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Ineiev"
contact="Контакт на русском языке: Павел Харитонов - ineiev@gmail.com"
group=""

View File

@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
institution-address="Box 4210 , 171 04 Solna"
institution-url="http://www.val.se/om_webbplatsen/"
opened="2010-09-23"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Christer Cornelisson"
group=""
comment=""
@ -154,7 +154,7 @@
institution-address="Box 70252, 107 22 STOCKHOLM "
institution-url="http://www.isp.se/sa/node.asp?node=790"
opened="2010-10-02"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-09"
name="Anders '4ZM' Sundman"
group=""
comment=""

View File

@ -24,7 +24,8 @@
institution-address="01196, м.Київ, пл. Лесі Українки, 1"
institution-url="http://www.cvk.gov.ua/vm_2010/"
opened="2010-09-14"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Oleg Grygorenko"
group=""
comment=""
@ -34,10 +35,11 @@
institution-address="01135, м.Київ, пр.Перемоги,10"
institution-url="http://www.mon.gov.ua/main.php?query=pidruchniki10"
opened="2010-09-14"
closed=""
closed="2010-12-13"
closedby="Ineiev"
name="Oleg Grygorenko"
group=""
comment=""
comment="link to several Free Software PDFreaders"
/>
</buglist>

Some files were not shown because too many files have changed in this diff Show More