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<p id="category"><a href="http://www.fsfe.org/projects/work.html">Our Work</a> / <a href="/projects/os/os.html">Overview of Open Standards</a></p>
<h1>Open Standards</h1>
<div id="introduction">
<p>There is no universally accepted definition of what constitutes
an Open Standard and no shortage of proposals. Links to some of
them have been included below. </p>
</div>
<p>FSFE did not want to propose yet another definition. We decided
to go with the definition of an Open Standard that was developed
as part of the preparations
for <a href="http://www.certifiedopen.com">Certified
Open</a>. Work on this definition began before FSFE's involvement
on the project and was initially based on the definition in
the <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/idabc/en/document/7728.html">European
Interoperability Framework (EIF)</a> of the European
Commission.</p>
<p>In a dialog involving various key players in industry, politics
and community, the definition was reworked into a definition of
five points that found consensus among all the involved. The
definition has subsequently been adopted by
the <a href="http://selfproject.eu/OSD">SELF EU Project</a>, the
2008 Geneva
<a href="http://www.openforumeurope.org/library/geneva/declaration/manifesto-with-logos-final.pdf">Declaration
on Standards and the Future of the Internet</a> or
the <a href="http://documentfreedom.org/os.html">Document
Freedom Day</a>.</p>
<h2>Definition</h2>
<p>An Open Standard refers to a format or protocol that is</p>
<ol>
<li>subject to full public assessment and use without
constraints in a manner equally available to all parties;</li>
<li>without any components or extensions that have dependencies
on formats or protocols that do not meet the definition of an
Open Standard themselves;</li>
<li>free from legal or technical clauses that limit its
utilisation by any party or in any business model;</li>
<li>managed and further developed independently of any single
vendor in a process open to the equal participation of
competitors and third parties;</li>
<li>available in multiple complete implementations by competing
vendors, or as a complete implementation equally available to
all parties.</li>
</ol>
<h3>Comment on Emerging Standards</h3>
<p>When a new format or protocol is under development, clause 5
cannot possibly be met. FSFE believes this is the correct
behaviour in cases where technological maturity is required. In
several scenarios, e.g. governmental deployment, the cost of
failure can be very high.</p>
<p>In scenarios that seek to promote the growth of Open Standards,
strict application of the clause could prevent new Open
Standards. From the view of the definition, such standards would
compete directly against vendor-driven proprietary formats. In
such cases, it can make sense to allow failure of clause 5 for
"Emerging Standards."</p>
<p>Which treatment such "Emerging Standards" receive is largely
dependent on the situation. Where cost of failure is high, only
fully Open Standards should be used. Where promotion of Open
Standards is wanted, Emerging Standards should receive special promotion.</p>
<p>Generally speaking: Open Standards are better than Emerging
Standards and Emerging Standards are better than vendor-specific
formats. The closer a format comes to meeting all points of the
definition, the higher it should be ranked in scenarios where
interoperability and reliable long-term data storage is
essential.</p>
<h3>Links to other definitions</h3>
<p>Wikipedia has an overview of the term <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_standard">Open Standard</a> and various definitions. The following is a sample of some definitions:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/idabc/en/document/7728.html">European Interoperability Framework</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.ft.dk/Samling/20051/beslutningsforslag/B103/index.htm">Motion B 103 of the Danish Parliament</a></li>
<li><a href="http://perens.com/OpenStandards/Definition.html">Open Standards - Principles and Practice</a> by Bruce Perens</li>
<li><a href="http://www.digistan.org/open-standard:definition">Open Standards Definition</a> by Digistan</li>
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