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<title>SourceForge drifting</title>
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<h2>SourceForge drifting</h2>
<h3>2001-10-20</h3>
<p>
Over the past few months the <a
href="http://www.sourceforge.net/">SourceForge</a>
development facility, which hosts a large number of <a
href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">Free
Software</a> projects, has changed its policies. Features
for exporting a project from SourceForge have been
removed. The implementation used to be exclusively Free
Software but is now <a
href="http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:WxA5jbBHLMQ:sourceforge.net/docman/display_doc.php%3Fdocid%3D6267%26group_id%3D1+larry+augustin+site:sourceforge.net&amp;hl=en">based
on non-free software</a>. Finally, VA Linux[<a
href="#valinux">1</a>] has become rather underhand in their
attempts to grasp exclusive control of contributors' work.
</p>
<p>
SourceForge did a lot of good for the Free Software community,
but it's now time to break free.
</p>
<h3>Locking users in a non-free software world</h3>
<p>
SourceForge brought to Free Software a unified and standard
development methodology based on modern tools. Before
SourceForge, such tools (bug tracking, cvs, web, support,
forums, polls, news, etc.) were available individually, but
few developers used many of them together, because they had
to set up the combined facilities on their own. SourceForge
made the combination conveniently available for both new and
experienced developers.
</p>
<p>
Because of the convenience of SourceForge, many Free
Software developers have come to take this collection
of features for granted, and would be reluctant to go
back to the old way of doing things. Unfortunately,
this means that when SourceForge itself takes a turn
for the worse, it tends to pull Free Software developers
down with it.
</p>
<p>
The second important thing SourceForge did was to provide
this environment based exclusively on <a
href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">Free
Software</a>. By doing this, SourceForge not only provided a
powerful methodology for the Free Software community, it
also demonstrated what Free Software could do, and promoted
the use of Free Software. And since the special software
for SourceForge was itself free, anyone could set up a
similar site. The SourceForge software became permanently
available to developers everywhere. Developers in (say)
India who can't afford the bandwidth to use the SourceForge
site could have the benefit of the same features on their
own server.
</p>
<p>
In August 2001, VA Linux reversed those policies and
introduced non-free software on the SourceForge server. In
<a
href="http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:WxA5jbBHLMQ:sourceforge.net/docman/display_doc.php%3Fdocid%3D6267%26group_id%3D1+larry+augustin+site:sourceforge.net&amp;hl=en"> announcing this</a> (the original document was removed or moved shortly after the publication of this article), Larry Augustin (VA Linux CEO) claims
that SourceForge.net users will <i>"see virtually no
changes"</i>. That may be true if they narrow their vision
and consider only what job the site does and how to operate
it. But when we consider the
implications, things are very different now. Instead of a
showcase for Free Software, SourceForge is now a demo site
for non-free software. There is a danger that the many
thousands of people registered on SourceForge will become
increasingly hooked on the SourceForge site and on features
implemented by proprietary software.
</p>
<p>
As a Free Software developer, you are still free to use the
SourceForge server, but you won't have the freedom to copy,
modify, study and distribute the software it runs; you won't
be free to set up a similar site yourself, or adapt it to
your own needs. The <a
href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/alexandria/"> last
published release</a > of the SourceForge software is one
year old.
</p>
<p>
The move to non-free software was the culmination of a
series of steps designed to lock users in. There never was a
way to fully extract projects from SourceForge, but efforts
were made in this direction--then this year they were
removed. At present the only things you can get are the <a
href="http://cvs.sourceforge.net/cvstarballs/">CVS tree</a>
and tracker data <i>/export/sf_tracker_export.php</i>. Few
people are aware of the later because it is undocumented.
The <a href="http://www.sourceforge.net/export/">export
page</a> explains how to use scripts that don't exist
anymore; implementation of facilities to ease project
extraction was stopped. The developer community is
exclusively made of VA Linux employees and a few people who
are asked not to disclose the current code.
</p>
<p>
The <a href="http://www.geocrawler.com/about/">mailing lists
archives</a>, a major service of SourceForge recently became
<i>unmaintained</i>. Will it be replaced by a non-free
software based solution ?
</p>
<h3>Contributors' work appropriation</h3>
<p>
Here is what happened to me shortly before the announcement
that SourceForge would use and develop non-free software.
Because I'm listed as a contributor (in the <a
href="http://chris.from.lu/SF2.5/AUTHORS">sources</a> and <a
href="http://sourceforge.net/docman/display_doc.php?docid=751&amp;group_id=1">documentation</a>)
to the SourceForge software, I received a request from VA
Linux to assign copyright to them. I was not surprised or
unhappy with this; many Free Software projects ask
contributors to assign copyright of their changes to the
main author. Assigning copyright to a single holder is a
strategy for defending the <a
href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU GPL</a> more
effectively, and I would have been happy to cooperate in
that regard.
</p>
<p>
But when I read the details of their copyright assignment, I
saw major problems. I was asked to assign copyright of
my work that "<i>is, or may in the future be, utilised in the
SourceForge collaborative software development
platform</i>". The assignment was not limited to my
contribution to the SourceForge code, it potentially covered
all my past and future work if it was of some interest to
SourceForge.
</p>
<p>
I was also expecting a promise that my work would be
released under the GNU GPL, but the assignment said nothing
about Free Software. VA Linux would be allowed to release
the software I wrote under a non-free software license and
not let the community have it at all. But I wasn't sure at
the time if this was a real concern, because VA Linux only
produced and used Free Software. Two weeks later they
decided to introduce non-free software on SourceForge
and that cast a different light on the question.
</p>
<p>
VA Linux told me that they only sent the assignment to two
people, in the hope to refine it. We started a long
discussion that lasted two months. I assumed this
discussion was to make the copyright assignment more
palatable to the Free Software community, so I worked hard
to give constructive feedback. Finally I was sent the
version of the copyright assignment produced by the legal
department. I quote it here in its entirety:
</p>
<blockquote>
SourceForge Copyright Assignment
<p>
<i>Thank you for your interest in contributing software code
to SourceForge.</i>
</p>
<p>
<i>In order for us to include the code in our product, we will
need you to provide us with the rights to the code.</i>
</p>
<p>
<i>By signing this agreement, you, the undersigned, hereby
assign to VA Linux all right, title and interest in and to
the software code described below, and all copyright,
patent, proprietary information, trade secret, and other
intellectual property rights therein. You also agree to take
all actions and sign all documents (such as copyright
assignments or registrations) reasonably requested by VA
Linux to evidence and record the above assignments.</i>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
This was even more of a power grab than the first draft. "<i>You
give us total control; we promise nothing</i>". At this point,
I knew that the attempts to clarify the copyright assignment
were a waste of time; VA Linux clearly wasn't collecting
copyright assignments in order to enforce the GNU GPL.
</p>
<h3>Escape entrapment</h3>
<p>
It's time for people who value freedom to escape from
SourceForge. It has become a tar pit from which escape will
become increasingly difficult. Development hosting platforms
based completely on Free Software flourish all over the
world. You can create your own, join an existing one or
help write the underlying software. Some months ago I helped
to launch <a href="http://savannah.gnu.org/">Savannah</a> for
the GNU project because I felt the need of a collaboratively
run platform. With friends and co-developpers we are now
re-writing and packaging <a
href="http://savannah.gnu.org/docs/savannah-plan.html">distributed
development hosting</a> software. The idea is to be able to
install and operate a SourceForge-like site within hours.
Savannah will run this software at the end of this year. At
first it may have less functionality than SourceForge, but
it has a bright future because it is rooted in a cooperative
effort of people sharing Free Software.
</p>
<p>
SourceForge is free as in free beer because it was designed
this way. It was a very expensive and ephemeral gift to the
Free Software community. We could resent VA Linux for such a
poisoned gift. On the contrary I think we should thank
them. They brought us methodology, and taught us that a
development hosting facility must be built in a distributed
and collaborative way, not by a single company controlling
everything from top to bottom. Of course that means everyone
needs to spend a little time developing and maintaining these
hosting facilities. We've finished our beer, it's time to win
our freedom.
</p>
<p>
<i><a href="mailto:loic@gnu.org">Loïc Dachary</a></i>
</p>
<ol class="fn">
<li id="valinux"><a href="http://www.valinux.com/">VA Linux</a> is the
owner of the <a href="http://www.sourceforge.net/">SourceForge</a> domain
name, provides and owns the hardware, pays for the bandwidth, hire people
maintaining SourceForge. VA Linux is also the owner of most <a
href="http://www.osdn.com/">OSDN</a> sites, the largest concentration of
Free Software related resources in the hands of a single company.</li>
</ol>
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