Fixed typo's, thanks to Federico Bruni, touched up to date translations
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@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
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<p>This debate got a lot quieter with the rejection of the software
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patent directive in 2005. Its place in the headlines was taken by
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other debates, such as standardisaton. Open Standards have been a
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other debates, such as standardisation. Open Standards have been a
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buzzword for years, but never has this term been discussed more
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intensively.</p>
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@ -352,7 +352,7 @@
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<p>In standards, the situation is somewhat similar. If patents are
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part of a standard, only an implementation that is covered by the
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patents provides an effective antitdote to monopolisation. Having to
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patents provides an effective antidote to monopolisation. Having to
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circumvent patents will generally break standards compliance and harm the
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public benefit that is the driving force behind standardisation.</p>
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@ -375,7 +375,7 @@
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<p>There are also cases where certain standardisation organisations,
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e.g. the <a href="http://www.iso.org">International Organisation for
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Standardisation</a> (ISO) have a priviledged position with
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Standardisation</a> (ISO) have a privileged position with
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governments for procurement decisions. Due to patents and
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insufficient (F)RAND conditions, not all standards priviledged in
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this way can be implemented by all legitimate market participants
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@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ order to preserve its business."</em></quote>
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Non-Discriminatory, the resulting fees may easily add up to 50% or
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more of the cost for the end product. So all patent holders should
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commit ex-ante that the aggregate licensing cost for all patents
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should be reasonable. As an example, Mr Frain cited that in Nokias
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should be reasonable. As an example, Mr Frain cited that in Nokia's
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view, the patent licensing fees on the communication technology for
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mobile phones should be below 10% per handset.</p>
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@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ order to preserve its business."</em></quote>
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non-discrimination against legitimate business models, and the ART+P
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approach also has the practical weakness that convergence joins more
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than one kind of technology per device, so the total patent
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royalties on a smart phone may still reach 50% even if the cost for
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royalties on a smart phone may still reach 50% even if the costs for
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GSM & Co are limited to 10%. But even these 10% can be
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considerable for laptops with included UMTS modems, or embedded
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devices, an area in which the profit margins are typically far below
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
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<p align="right">
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[ <a href="ps.en.pdf">PDF versie (94k) (originele Engelse
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versie</a> ]
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versie)</a> ]
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</p>
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<h1>Een evenwichtsonderzoek:<br />Standardisatie en patenten</h1>
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