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@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ |
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<p>This debate got a lot quieter with the rejection of the software |
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patent directive in 2005. Its place in the headlines was taken by |
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other debates, such as standardisaton. Open Standards have been a |
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other debates, such as standardisation. Open Standards have been a |
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buzzword for years, but never has this term been discussed more |
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intensively.</p> |
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@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ |
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<p>In standards, the situation is somewhat similar. If patents are |
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part of a standard, only an implementation that is covered by the |
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patents provides an effective antitdote to monopolisation. Having to |
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patents provides an effective antidote to monopolisation. Having to |
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circumvent patents will generally break standards compliance and harm the |
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public benefit that is the driving force behind standardisation.</p> |
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@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ |
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<p>There are also cases where certain standardisation organisations, |
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e.g. the <a href="http://www.iso.org">International Organisation for |
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Standardisation</a> (ISO) have a priviledged position with |
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Standardisation</a> (ISO) have a privileged position with |
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governments for procurement decisions. Due to patents and |
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insufficient (F)RAND conditions, not all standards priviledged in |
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this way can be implemented by all legitimate market participants |
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@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ order to preserve its business."</em></quote> |
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Non-Discriminatory, the resulting fees may easily add up to 50% or |
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more of the cost for the end product. So all patent holders should |
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commit ex-ante that the aggregate licensing cost for all patents |
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should be reasonable. As an example, Mr Frain cited that in Nokias |
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should be reasonable. As an example, Mr Frain cited that in Nokia's |
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view, the patent licensing fees on the communication technology for |
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mobile phones should be below 10% per handset.</p> |
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@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ order to preserve its business."</em></quote> |
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non-discrimination against legitimate business models, and the ART+P |
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approach also has the practical weakness that convergence joins more |
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than one kind of technology per device, so the total patent |
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royalties on a smart phone may still reach 50% even if the cost for |
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royalties on a smart phone may still reach 50% even if the costs for |
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GSM & Co are limited to 10%. But even these 10% can be |
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considerable for laptops with included UMTS modems, or embedded |
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devices, an area in which the profit margins are typically far below |
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hace 12 años