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activities/os/why-frand-is-bad-for-free-software.en.xhtml
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<html>
<head>
<title>Why is FRAND bad for Free Software</title>
<title>Why is FRAND bad for Free Software?</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Why is FRAND bad for Free Software</h1>
<h1>Why is FRAND bad for Free Software?</h1>
<p>FRAND (“fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory”) is an acronym used to refer to a wide array of different licensing practices for patents covering standardised technology. When this happens, a stakeholder willing to implement the standard is required to obtain a specific licence for some patent. Despite the name, FRAND licences are often unfair, unreasonable and discriminatory with regard to Free Software, either because of incompatibilities with Free Software licences, or because of practical obstacles that make Free Software implementations of the standard impossible.</p>
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<p>It is a well established fact that <a href="#why-frand-is-incompatible-with-the-gnu-gpl?">royalty-based FRAND are incompatible with Free Software licences</a>, especially with those from the GPL family. Even the few commentators who argue that there is no conflict between FRAND and Free Software acknowledge its incompatibility with the GPL family licences<a href="#fn1" class="fn" id="fnref1">1</a>. This means that licensing a patent that is required to implement the standard (a Standard Essential Patent) under FRAND terms is actually discriminatory against Free Software, making such practice fail to meet its own definition.</p>
<h3 id="why-frand-is-incompatible-with-the-gnu-gpl">Why FRAND is incompatible with the GNU GPL?</h3>
<h3 id="why-frand-is-incompatible-with-the-gnu-gpl">Why is FRAND incompatible with the GNU GPL?</h3>
<p>While few voices argue that FRAND terms allow Free Software implementations, the fact is that ca 65% of Free Software is licensed under a licence of the GPL family<a href="#fn2" class="fn" id="fnref2">2</a> and one of the main competitors on the market to many proprietary software is likely to be GPL-licensed. As the majority of Free Software is licensed under terms that are incompatible with FRAND, the “non-discriminatory” criterion cannot be met. This means that it is impossible for a standard essential patent licence to be properly FRAND. As a consequence, it cannot be claimed that FRAND is either “fair” nor “reasonable”.</p>