fixed structure problems

svn path=/trunk/; revision=13179
Este commit está contenido en:
poderi 2009-09-25 13:42:31 +00:00
padre 0d514e3aaf
commit 2747882518
Se han modificado 1 ficheros con 25 adiciones y 13 borrados

Ver fichero

@ -162,8 +162,9 @@
<p>The fundamentally different goals for patents and standards
surfaced multiple times during the debate, for instance in the
speech of Mr Karsten Meinhold, chairman of the ETSI IPR Special
Committee, <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3635&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">who summarised
it</a> as "<em>IPRs and Standards serve different
Committee,
<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3635&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">
who summarised it</a> as "<em>IPRs and Standards serve different
purposes: IPRs are destined for private exclusive use, Standards are
intended for public, collective use</em>".</p>
@ -172,7 +173,9 @@
function. Standards seek to counteract monopolies, patents establish
them. Or, as Tomoko Miyamoto, Senior Counsellor of the Patent Law
Section in the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) said
in <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3633&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">her presentation</a>:
in
<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3633&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">
her presentation</a>:
Patent thickets and patent hold-ups may arise from
certain forms of legitimate exploitation of the exclusive rights
conferred by patents.</p>
@ -213,7 +216,9 @@
<p>Another issue of ex-ante disclosure is difficult enforcement, as
Suzanne Michel, Assistant Director Office of Policy and Coordination
of the U.S. Federal Trade Commission
(FTC) <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3631&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">pointed out in her presentation</a>.
(FTC)
<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3631&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">
pointed out in her presentation</a>.
The FTC had found that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rambus&amp;oldid=251605519">Rambus
Incorporated</a> had joined and attended standardisation meetings of
the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JEDEC">Joint Electron
@ -300,7 +305,9 @@
<p>It is this uncertainty that has caused great frustration among SMEs,
which Charles Schulz of Ars Aperta summarised as RAND referring to
"RANDom licensing at the sight of competitors."
In <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3639&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">his presentation</a>,
In
<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3639&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">
his presentation</a>,
Mr Schulz also pointed out that (F)RAND terms are
discriminating against Free Software. Even RAND terms linked to zero
royalties, the so called RF-on-RAND ("Royalty Free on RAND"),
@ -317,7 +324,9 @@
<a href="http://www.flossimpact.eu/">estimated</a> to reach 32% of
all IT services and 4% of European GDP by 2010.</p>
<p>In <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3641&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">her presentation</a>,
<p>In
<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3641&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">
her presentation</a>,
Amy Marasco, General Manager Standards Strategy of
Microsoft, emphasised that she does not consider Free Software a
business model. That is true to the same extent that proprietary
@ -398,8 +407,8 @@
<p>Good patent research costs around 100.000 EUR per case according to
Rigo Wenning, Legal Counsel &amp; Patent Policy Team Contact of the
W3C/ERCIM who spoke about
"<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3636&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">Standards, Patents and
the Dynamics of Innovation on the Web</a>." The W3C is
"<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3636&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">
Standards, Patents and the Dynamics of Innovation on the Web</a>." The W3C is
indeed the only Standards Setting Organisation (SSO) that has a
sufficient patent policy for its standards in order to accomodate
all legitimate business models.</p>
@ -409,8 +418,9 @@
cost considerable, which is only one of the cost generators. More
damage can be caused by injunctions against a product, or claims for
damages. In
his <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3646&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">presentation of
IBM's "SoftIP"</a> concept, Roger Burt, Senior Counsel of IBM
his
<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3646&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">
presentation of IBM's "SoftIP"</a> concept, Roger Burt, Senior Counsel of IBM
Europe introduces the issues with a quote from a BSA et al. Amicus
brief in eBay v MercExchange. The quote summarises the problems of
large industry rather well:</p>
@ -431,7 +441,9 @@ order to preserve its business."</em></quote>
<p>Another attempt to keep patents fees from becoming exorbitant even
for the largest corporations was introduced by Tim Frain, Director
IPR regulatory affairs, Nokia in his presentation about
"<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3649&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">FRAND Best Practice</a>."
"<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3649&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">
FRAND Best Practice</a>."
Mr Frain advocates a system based on "Aggregated
Reasonable Terms" &amp; "Proportionality" (ART+P).</p>
@ -518,8 +530,8 @@ order to preserve its business."</em></quote>
the Division of Technical Regulations Department for WTO Affairs of
the Chinese Ministry of Commerce who raised the question of public
vs private benefit in his presentation titled
"<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3632&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">Strike the
Right Balance between Public and Private Interests in IPR in ICT
"<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3632&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">
Strike the Right Balance between Public and Private Interests in IPR in ICT
Standardization</a>".</p>
<p>Taking our "lone inventor" scenario above, the question that we'd