fixed structure problems
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@ -162,8 +162,9 @@
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<p>The fundamentally different goals for patents and standards
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surfaced multiple times during the debate, for instance in the
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speech of Mr Karsten Meinhold, chairman of the ETSI IPR Special
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Committee, <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3635&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">who summarised
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it</a> as "<em>IPRs and Standards serve different
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Committee,
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<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3635&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">
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who summarised it</a> as "<em>IPRs and Standards serve different
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purposes: IPRs are destined for private exclusive use, Standards are
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intended for public, collective use</em>".</p>
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@ -172,7 +173,9 @@
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function. Standards seek to counteract monopolies, patents establish
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them. Or, as Tomoko Miyamoto, Senior Counsellor of the Patent Law
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Section in the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) said
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in <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3633&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">her presentation</a>:
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in
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<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3633&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">
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her presentation</a>:
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Patent thickets and patent hold-ups may arise from
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certain forms of legitimate exploitation of the exclusive rights
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conferred by patents.</p>
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@ -213,7 +216,9 @@
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<p>Another issue of ex-ante disclosure is difficult enforcement, as
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Suzanne Michel, Assistant Director Office of Policy and Coordination
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of the U.S. Federal Trade Commission
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(FTC) <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3631&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">pointed out in her presentation</a>.
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(FTC)
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<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3631&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">
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pointed out in her presentation</a>.
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The FTC had found that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rambus&oldid=251605519">Rambus
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Incorporated</a> had joined and attended standardisation meetings of
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the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JEDEC">Joint Electron
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@ -300,7 +305,9 @@
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<p>It is this uncertainty that has caused great frustration among SMEs,
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which Charles Schulz of Ars Aperta summarised as RAND referring to
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"RANDom licensing at the sight of competitors."
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In <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3639&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">his presentation</a>,
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In
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<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3639&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">
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his presentation</a>,
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Mr Schulz also pointed out that (F)RAND terms are
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discriminating against Free Software. Even RAND terms linked to zero
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royalties, the so called RF-on-RAND ("Royalty Free on RAND"),
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@ -317,7 +324,9 @@
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<a href="http://www.flossimpact.eu/">estimated</a> to reach 32% of
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all IT services and 4% of European GDP by 2010.</p>
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<p>In <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3641&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">her presentation</a>,
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<p>In
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<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3641&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">
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her presentation</a>,
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Amy Marasco, General Manager Standards Strategy of
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Microsoft, emphasised that she does not consider Free Software a
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business model. That is true to the same extent that proprietary
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@ -398,8 +407,8 @@
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<p>Good patent research costs around 100.000 EUR per case according to
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Rigo Wenning, Legal Counsel & Patent Policy Team Contact of the
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W3C/ERCIM who spoke about
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"<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3636&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">Standards, Patents and
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the Dynamics of Innovation on the Web</a>." The W3C is
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"<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3636&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">
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Standards, Patents and the Dynamics of Innovation on the Web</a>." The W3C is
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indeed the only Standards Setting Organisation (SSO) that has a
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sufficient patent policy for its standards in order to accomodate
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all legitimate business models.</p>
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@ -409,8 +418,9 @@
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cost considerable, which is only one of the cost generators. More
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damage can be caused by injunctions against a product, or claims for
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damages. In
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his <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3646&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">presentation of
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IBM's "SoftIP"</a> concept, Roger Burt, Senior Counsel of IBM
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his
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<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3646&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">
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presentation of IBM's "SoftIP"</a> concept, Roger Burt, Senior Counsel of IBM
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Europe introduces the issues with a quote from a BSA et al. Amicus
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brief in eBay v MercExchange. The quote summarises the problems of
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large industry rather well:</p>
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@ -431,7 +441,9 @@ order to preserve its business."</em></quote>
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<p>Another attempt to keep patents fees from becoming exorbitant even
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for the largest corporations was introduced by Tim Frain, Director
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IPR regulatory affairs, Nokia in his presentation about
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"<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3649&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">FRAND Best Practice</a>."
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"<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3649&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">
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FRAND Best Practice</a>."
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Mr Frain advocates a system based on "Aggregated
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Reasonable Terms" & "Proportionality" (ART+P).</p>
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@ -518,8 +530,8 @@ order to preserve its business."</em></quote>
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the Division of Technical Regulations Department for WTO Affairs of
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the Chinese Ministry of Commerce who raised the question of public
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vs private benefit in his presentation titled
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"<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3632&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">Strike the
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Right Balance between Public and Private Interests in IPR in ICT
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"<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3632&userservice_id=1&request.id=0">
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Strike the Right Balance between Public and Private Interests in IPR in ICT
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Standardization</a>".</p>
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<p>Taking our "lone inventor" scenario above, the question that we'd
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