Co-authored-by: max.mehl <max.mehl@fsfe.org> Reviewed-on: #1531
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@ -148,7 +148,9 @@ RewriteRule ^activities/os(.*) /freesoftware/standards$1 [R=301,L]
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RewriteRule ^activities/procurement(.*) /freesoftware/procurement$1 [R=301,L]
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# deleted activities
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RewriteRule ^(activities/)?nocloud(/.*)? /activities/activities.html [R=301,L]
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RewriteRule ^(activities/)?theydontwantyouto(/.*)? /activities/activities.html [R=301,L]
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RewriteRule ^activities/policy/.* /activities/policy.html [R=301,L]
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RewriteRule ^activities/theydontwantyouto(/.*)? /activities/activities.html [R=301,L]
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RewriteRule ^activities/un(/.*)? /activities/policy.html [R=301,L]
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# Norwegian language: Bokmal language code
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RewriteRule ^(.*)\.no.html /$1.nb.html [R=301,L]
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@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ to 2015.
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<li>Input
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to the European Commission: <a
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href="/activities/policy/eu/20141215.FSFE.EC_OSS_Strategy.en.html"> Considerations on Updating the
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European Commission's Open Source Strategy</a>. [<a href="/activities/policy/eu/20141215.FSFE.EC_OSS_Strategy-input.pdf">pdf</a>]</li>
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href="https://download.fsfe.org/policy/letters/20141215.FSFE.EC_OSS_Strategy-input.pdf"> Considerations on Updating the
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European Commission's Open Source Strategy</a>. [<a href="https://download.fsfe.org/policy/letters/20141215.FSFE.EC_OSS_Strategy-input.pdf">pdf</a>]</li>
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<li>Public Procurement: Free Software's Wild Frontier. In: Shane Coughlan
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(ed.): Thoughts on Open Innovation. Essays on Open Innovation from
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@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ tot 2015.
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href="http://irights.info/artikel/neu-und-doch-nur-mittelmass-die-open-source-strategie-der-eu-kommission/25302">Nieuw en toch slechts middelmatig: De 'open bron'-strategie van de Europese Commissie</a>. irights.info, 4 mei 2015.</li>
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<li>Input voor de Europese Commissie: <a
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href="/activities/policy/eu/20141215.FSFE.EC_OSS_Strategy.en.html">Overwegingen aangaande het bijwerken van de open bron-strategie van de Europese Commissie</a>. [<a href="/activities/policy/eu/20141215.FSFE.EC_OSS_Strategy-input.pdf">pdf</a>]</li>
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href="https://download.fsfe.org/policy/letters/20141215.FSFE.EC_OSS_Strategy-input.pdf">Overwegingen aangaande het bijwerken van de open bron-strategie van de Europese Commissie</a>. [<a href="https://download.fsfe.org/policy/letters/20141215.FSFE.EC_OSS_Strategy-input.pdf">pdf</a>]</li>
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<li>Publieke inkoop: De wilde grens van Vrije Software. In: Shane Coughlan
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(ed.): Gedachten over open innovatie. Essays over open innovatie van leidende denkers in het veld. OpenForumAcademy, 2013. Beschikbaar als
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@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
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Ο Hugo δραστηριοποιείται με το FSFE από τον Σεπτέμβριο του 2009
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όταν ήταν βοηθός του Προέδρου
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<a href="/about/people/gerloff/">Karsten Gerloff</a> σε ζητήματα πολιτικής
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σε <a href="/activities/policy/eu/">Ευρωπαϊκό</a>επίπεδο και σε επίπεδο
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<a href="/activities/un/">Ηνωμένων Εθνών</a>. Τώρα ασχολείται
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σε <a href="/activities/policy.html">Ευρωπαϊκό</a>επίπεδο και σε επίπεδο
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<a href="/activities/policy.html">Ηνωμένων Εθνών</a>. Τώρα ασχολείται
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με την <a href="/activities/ftf/ftf.html">Ομάδα Εργασίας Ελευθερίας</a>
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και συντονίζει την εργασία του FSFE στη Γαλλία. Σπουδάζει
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<a href="http://master.sciences-po.fr/droit/en/content/master-economic-law">Νομικά για την Οικονομία</a>
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@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
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“I have been working towards computing freedoms within FSFE since 2009.
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First as an <a href="/contribute/internship.html">intern</a> when I worked
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with <a href="/about/people/gerloff">Karsten Gerloff</a> on policy
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issues at the <a href="/activities/policy/eu/">European</a> and <a
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href="/activities/un/">United Nations</a> level.</p>
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issues at the <a href="/activities/policy.html">European</a> and <a
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href="/activities/policy.html">United Nations</a> level.</p>
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<p>
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By joining <a href="/activities/ftf/ftf.html">FSFE's legal task force</a>,
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@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
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« Depuis 2009, j'œuvre pour les libertés informatiques au sein de la FSFE.
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Comme <a href="/contribute/internship.html">stagiaire</a> d'abord, j'ai
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travaillé avec <a href="/about/people/gerloff/">Karsten Gerloff</a>, sur les
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sujets politiques au <a href="/activities/policy/eu/">niveau européen</a>
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et des <a href="/activities/un/">nations unies</a>.
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sujets politiques au <a href="/activities/policy.html">niveau européen</a>
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et des <a href="/activities/policy.html">nations unies</a>.
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</p>
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<p>
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@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
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<p style="text-indent: -0.35em">
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“Ik heb sinds 2009 binnen FSFE voor computervrijheden gewerkt.
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Eerst als <a href="/contribute/internship.html">stagiair</a>, toen ik met <a href="/about/people/gerloff">Karsten Gerloff</a> werkte aan beleidsonderwerpen op <a href="/activities/policy/eu/">Europees</a> en <a
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href="/activities/un/">Verenigde Naties</a>-niveau.</p>
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Eerst als <a href="/contribute/internship.html">stagiair</a>, toen ik met <a href="/about/people/gerloff">Karsten Gerloff</a> werkte aan beleidsonderwerpen op <a href="/activities/policy.html">Europees</a> en <a
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href="/activities/policy.html">Verenigde Naties</a>-niveau.</p>
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<p>
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Door mee te doen met <a href="/activities/ftf/ftf.html">FSFE's juridische taakgroep</a> draag ik bij aan het overbrengen van expertise naar de Vrije Software-gemeenschap.</p>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
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<documentset>
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<version>1</version>
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<document type="ec" date="2007-12-19">
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<title>Letter to European Competition Commission Neelie Kroes</title>
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<description>
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Letter by <a href="/about/people/greve/">Georg Greve</a> to European Competition Commissioner
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Neelie Kroes in support of the Opera Software antitrust complaint, offering
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</description>
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<link>/documents/20071219-opera-antitrust.pdf</link>
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</document>
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</documentset>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<html>
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<version>1</version>
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<author id="gerloff"/>
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<author>Natalia Evdokimova</author>
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<date>
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<original content="2011-04-19"/>
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</date>
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<download type="PDF" content="/activities/policy/eu/20110418.ProcurementConsultation.FSFE.response.pdf"/>
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<head>
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<title>Contribution to the EC public consultation on the modernisation of EU public procurement policy</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Contribution to the EC public consultation on the modernisation of
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EU public procurement policy</h1>
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<p class="interview-question">Introduction</p>
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<p>We appreciate the initiative taken by the European Commission to consult with the public on the
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modernisation of European public procurement policy. Free Software Foundation Europe is an
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independent, nonprofit nongovernmental organisation dedicated to the furthering of Free Software
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and working for freedom in the digital society. </p>
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<p>We are limiting our response to a selected number of questions which bear on the areas of Free
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Software and Open Standards.</p>
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<p class="interview-question">19. Would you be in favour of allowing more negotiation in public procurement
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procedures and/or generalizing the use of the negotiated procedure with prior
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publication?</p>
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<p>The Green Paper on new EU public procurement policy ("the GP") proposes that
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contracting authorities <em>"should be allowed to negotiate the terms of the contract with
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potential bidders. ... This could give contracting authorities more flexibility to obtain
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procurement outcomes that really fit their needs"</em>. We want the EC be very careful when
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allowing wider use of negotiated procedures.</p>
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<p>We note that according to the Directive 2004/18/EC, negotiated procedures are to be used
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only in exceptional circumstances. Articles 30 and 31 of the Directive 2004/18/EC provide
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closed lists of exceptional cases when contracting authorities may use the negotiated
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procedure with or without prior publication of contract notice, respectively. In any case,
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usage of the negotiated procedure should be justified by special situation and should not be
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used in a discriminatory manner. </p>
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<p>According to the Recital 2 of the Directive 2004/18/EC, public procurement is subject to
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the respect, among other principles, of the principle of equal treatment and the principle
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of transparency. The awards of public contracts should guarantee the openingup of public
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procurement to competition. </p>
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<p>We believe that the Member States and EU institutions should strictly follow the
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fundamental principles of public procurement set in the currently effective Directive and
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the Treaty of Lisbon in order to safeguard competition. In no case should negotiated
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procedures enable the contracting authority to predetermine the outcome of the process.
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So, while simplifying the procurement process for small and mediumsize enterprises
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(SMEs), the EC should establish additional safeguards to guarantee the openness of public
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procurement procedures to the broadest possible set of competent bidders.</p>
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<p class="interview-question">39. Should the public procurement Directives regulate the issue of substantial
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modifications of a contract while it is still in force? If so, what elements of
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clarification would you propose?</p>
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<p>A lack of clarity exists as to how software upgrades should be handled in the procurement
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process. EC procurement regulations should clarify that major software upgrades (e.g.
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upgrades requiring reinstallation of the program in question) should be treated in the
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same way as new purchases, and should be retendered. It should be made clear that
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contracting authorities are obliged to treat software in a similar manner as physical goods,
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where there is no doubt that purchases of a new version of the original product have to be
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retendered.</p>
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<p class="interview-question">60. In your view, can the attribution of exclusive rights jeopardise fair competition in
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procurement markets?<br/>
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61. If so, what instruments would you suggest in order to mitigate such risks / ensure fair
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competition? Do you think that the EU procurement rules should allow the award of
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contracts without procurement procedure on the basis of exclusive rights only on the
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condition that the exclusive right in question has itself been awarded in a transparent,
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competitive procedure?</p>
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<p>The GP suggests to set up in new Directive a principle that <em>"it would be allowed to award
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contracts without a competitive procedure on the basis of exclusive rights, only if these
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exclusive rights have been subject to a competitive procedure"</em>.</p>
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<p>In the area of software, an overwhelming share of public authorities remains locked into
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proprietary systems and file formats. This lockin endangeres fair competition in public
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procurement: currently a significant number of tenders for computer software use
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trademarks or specific brands to formulate technical and functional requirements. To avoid
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such bad practices, the technical specifications drawn up by public purchasers need to
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allow different bidders to participate with different products. The current Directive
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directly prohibits technical specifications to create obstacles to the <em>“opening up of public
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procurement to competition”</em> (Article 23).</p>
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<p>We want the EC to clarify in the new Directive that calls for tenders should be based on
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functional requirements, not on specific products or vendors. Public agencies should
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always procure software only through a transparent, open procedure to foster competition
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in software market and a diversity of tender participants.</p>
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<p>Lockin also plays a significant role in calculating the total cost of ownership (TCO) of a
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software solution. Yet these costs are all too often not reflected in current procurement
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practices and decisions. The new Directive should specify that when deciding on the
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economic merits of a bid, the contracting authority must figure in the full costs of
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transitioning out of the solution to be acquired to a new solution by a different vendor in
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the future. These "exit costs" are composed of requirements like translating existing data
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from proprietary file formats into formats based on Open Standards, and replacing or re
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developing helper applications. This is the only way to ensure that the bid which gets
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selected is indeed the most economically advantageous over the lifetime of the purchased
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product or service.</p>
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<p class="interview-question">70. The criterion of the most economically advantageous tender seems to be best suited
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for pursuing other policy objectives. Do you think that, in order to take best account
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of such policy objectives, it would be useful to change the existing rules (for certain
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types of contracts/ some specific sectors/ in certain circumstances):<br/>
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70.1.1. to eliminate the criterion of the lowest price only;<br/>
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70.1.2. to limit the use of the price criterion or the weight which contracting authorities
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can give to the price;<br/>
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70.1.3. to introduce a third possibility of award criteria in addition to the lowest price and
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the economically most advantageous offer? If so, which alternative criterion would you
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propose that would make it possible to both pursue other policy objectives more
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effectively and guarantee a level playing field and fair competition between
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European undertakings?</p>
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<p>The GP encourages the use of public procurement in support of certain policy-related
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objectives, such as the environmental,social and innovation considerations.
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Article 53 of the Directive states that the criteria on which the contracting authorities shall
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base the award of public contracts shall be <em>"criteria linked to the subjectmatter of the
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public contract in question, for example, quality, price, technical merit, aesthetic and
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functional characteristics, environmental characteristics"</em>, etc. Thus, contracting
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authorities already are able to include environmental or social award criteria in the call for
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tenders.</p>
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<p>As innovation and technological development are also listed among considerations to be
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prioritised, we propose to include in this list such criterion as <em>"the openness of technical
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standards"</em>. The revised European Interoperability Framework defines as open
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<em>"specifications, software and software development methods that promote collaboration
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and the results of which can freely be accessed, reused and shared"</em>. It states that <em>"the
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principle of openness is applied in full if (1) all stakeholders can contribute to the
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elaboration of the specification and public review is organised; (2) the specification
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document is freely available for everybody to study and to share with others; (3) the
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specification can be implemented under the different software development approaches."</em></p>
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<p>With a list of criteria arrived at through a dialog involving various key players in industry,
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politics and community, FSFE has arrived at a <a href="/freesoftware/standards/def.en.html">definition of an Open Standard</a> as a format
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or protocol that is
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<ul><li>subject to full public assessment and use without constraints in a manner equally
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available to all parties;</li>
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<li>without any components or extensions that have dependencies on formats or
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protocols that do not meet the definition of an Open Standard themselves;</li>
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<li>free from legal or technical clauses that limit its utilisation by any party or in any
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business model;</li>
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<li>managed and further developed independently of any single vendor in a process
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open to the equal participation of competitors and third parties;</li>
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<li>available in multiple complete implementations by competing vendors, or as a
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complete implementation equally available to all parties.</li></ul></p>
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<p>In Lisbon 2007, Ministers of EU Member States agree that <em>"continuous attention
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shall be given to the definition and openness of technical standards and publicly
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available specifcations"</em> (Lisbon Ministerial Declaration, 19 September, 2007). The
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Digital Agenda for Europe declares that the EU will support development of open
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standards and platforms. The European Interoperability Framework v.2
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recommends public administrations to favour "open specifications" while
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establishing European Public Services. Moreover, existing judicial practice in EU
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Member States allows the insertion of Open Standards requirements or preferences
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in tender requirements. As the Italian Constitutional Court <a href="http://softwarelibero.it/Corte_Costituzionale_favorisce_softwarelibero_en">ruled</a>, <em>"the concepts of
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Free Software and software whose code can be inspected do not refer to a
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particular technology, brand or product, but they rather express a legal feature".</em></p>
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<p>We believe that inclusion of <em>"the openness of technical standards"</em>, along with
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environmental and social criteria, in the list of recommended award criteria would
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allow public agencies to procure software based on open specifications more freely
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and extensively. This would be an important and substantial step towards promoting
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competition and technological development in the European software market.</p>
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<p>We would further like to suggest that in the case where public bodies are contracting
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software development services, there should be a standard policy of making the resulting
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work available as Free Software. This could be formulated as follows: </p>
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<p> <em>“The provider grants the contracting authority the right to use, study, share and
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improve the resulting work(s) under the terms of a license that is either <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/licenselist.html">classified as
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a Free Software license by the Free Software Foundation</a>, <a href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/alphabetical">approved by the Open
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Source Initiative</a>, or both.”</em></p>
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<p>Such software development is paid for out of public funds. Hence the resulting work
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should be made available to the public for use and improvement. There is also a significant
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potential for reuse of software within the European public sector, which is currently not
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being exploited.
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</p>
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</body>
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<html>
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<version>1</version>
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<head>
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<title>FSFE’s submission to the European Commission Public Consultation on Copyright</title>
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</head>
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<body class="article letter" microformats="h-entry">
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<p id="category" class="p-category">
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<a href="/activities/policy/eu/">European Union</a>
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</p>
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<h1 class="p-name">FSFE’s submission to the European Commission Public Consultation on Copyright</h1>
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<div class="e-content">
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<p>
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To:<br />Internal Market and Services DG,<br />
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Unit D1 ‑ Copyright
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</p>
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<p>Dear Sir, Madam,</p>
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<p>we are grateful for the opportunity afforded by this consultation to provide input on the future of Europe's copyright rules. FSFE is a charitable non-profit organisation dedicated to promoting freedom in the information society.</p>
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<p>We are concentrating our input mainly on questions related to matters concerning software. We remain available to support the Commission's work on copyright reform in the future.</p>
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<p>With kind regards,</p>
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<p>Hugo Roy<br />Free Software Foundation Europe e.V.</p>
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<hr />
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<p><strong>Register ID:</strong> <code>33882407107-76</code></p>
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<p><strong>Organisation:</strong> Free Software Foundation Europe e.V.</p>
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<p><strong>Type of respondent:</strong> <strong>End user/consumer</strong> (e.g. internet user, reader, subscriber to music or audiovisual service, researcher, student) <strong>OR Representative of end users/consumers</strong></p>
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<hr />
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<ol start="11" style="list-style-type: decimal">
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<li><p><strong>Should the provision of a hyperlink leading to a work or other subject matter protected under copyright, either in general or under specific circumstances, be subject to the authorisation of the rightholder?</strong></p>
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<p><strong>No</strong></p></li>
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</ol>
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<p>Hyperlinks are core to the web. If hyperlinking were made subject to the authorisation of any rightholder, then basically any kind of web publishing would be potentially withheld to the authorisation of many rightholders.</p>
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<p>In practice, it would mean that:</p>
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<ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
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<li><p>web publishers would have to identify which hyperlinks merely point to works that are copyrightable subject matter;</p></li>
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<li><p>web publishers would have to identify the rightholder and how to contact them; which is nothing trivial for online pages;</p></li>
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<li><p>and finally web publishers would have to wait for the rightholder’s authorisation.</p></li>
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</ol>
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<p>Such a provision would constitute a great burden on freedom of speech to which the Web has been instrumental. The reasonably foreseeable outcomes of such a provision would be either:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><p>massive inability to apply the provision for web publishers, resulting in massive presumably infringing content; or</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p>massive avoidance of hyperlinking, resulting in less usable web pages and a lost opportunity to point the public to relevant works.</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<p>The prerogatives of the copyright holder over their work <strong>should not</strong> extend to comprise making a hyperlink. Regular hyperlinks should never be considered direct use of a copyrighted work. Indeed, a regular hyperlink does not reproduce, transmit, nor make available in any way a work. Rather, hyperlinks only point to already identifiable resources.</p>
|
||||
<p>In that regard, the EUCJ ruling “Svensson” C-466/12 is worrisome and the right of making available should be clarified to exclude the use of regular hyperlinks from its scope. Making some hyperlinking practices subject to the authorisation of rightholders only complicates their use, causes chilling effects on freedom of expression, sets up the unenforceable rules and leads to further alienation of copyright law for the general public. Links to illegally communicated works should be rather solved under theories of accessory liability or wrongful omission as they account for flexible circumstances that might occur.</p>
|
||||
<ol start="13" style="list-style-type: decimal">
|
||||
<li><p><strong>[In particular if you are an end user/consumer:] Have you faced restrictions when trying to resell digital files that you have purchased (e.g. mp3 file, e-book)?</strong></p>
|
||||
<p><strong>Yes</strong></p></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<p>Digital restrictions management (DRM) prevents the consumer to truly own the digital files they have purchased. Not only are consumers often unable to resell digital files, DRM often prevents them from being able to simply use the files they have purchased for legitimate and lawful purposes. Incidentally, consumers who have bought digital files cannot choose which software or device to use, causing issues regarding interoperability and competition.</p>
|
||||
<p>In practice, digital restrictions management enables publishers, software and hardware vendors to impose on the consumer any kind of restrictions they see fit. Thus, DRM equates to giving publishers <strong>more power to restrict use of a work than they are legally entitled to</strong> under copyright law, over how the digital version of their works are used by the public.</p>
|
||||
<p>In addition to technical restrictions, consumers are often bound by the terms of use and licensing that govern the acquisition of digital files. These terms deceive consumers who believe they have <em>bought</em> the files and illustrate that consumers <em>do not own</em> the digital content they acquire in the same way they would own equivalent physical goods. For example, James Joseph O'Donnell, a classical scholar and University Professor at Georgetown University, has lost access to e-books he had acquire from Google Books because of the digital restrictions management and region-control that Google exercise on their platform.<a href="#fn1" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref1"><sup>1</sup></a></p>
|
||||
<p>People with disabilities are often barred from media use because DRM prevents them from converting content to media formats that help them in spite of their disabilities. For example, book publishers protested against the possibility that some e-book reader might electronically convert text into speech. Without such text-to-speech features, blind people will simply not be able to read books they have purchased.</p>
|
||||
<dl>
|
||||
<dt><strong>Recommendations</strong></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Digital works covered by copyright should, when sold to consumers, be clearly labelled if they are covered by DRM mechanisms</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl>
|
||||
<br />
|
||||
<ol start="80" style="list-style-type: decimal">
|
||||
<li><strong>Are there any other important matters related to the EU legal framework for copyright? Please explain and indicate how such matters should be addressed.</strong></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<p>Digital restrictions management (DRM) is an illegitimate form of control exercised by content providers and device manufacturers over personal computing.</p>
|
||||
<p>The Directive 2001/29/EC introduced anti-circumvention provisions that prevent users of personal computers to take back control of their computing. These anti-circumvention provisions should be simply abrogated.</p>
|
||||
<p>Copyright subject matter covers original works of expression. Technical restrictions such as DRM should not therefore be granted special protection through copyright law because such protection is ill-fitted and disproportionate.</p>
|
||||
<p>In practice, anti-circumvention provisions also create issues in terms of software interoperability and competition. Digital restrictions management enable illegitimate vendor lock-in that prevents competition. For instance, the French association Videolan who publish the VLC free software media player has been facing important legal uncertainty regarding the ability to play “Blu-Ray media” on which Sony has a DRM.<a href="#fn2" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref2"><sup>2</sup></a> This situation illustrates the illegitimate barrier to Free Software that DRM constitutes: in this case, copyright law is misused by software vendors in order to prevent competition and create lock-in for customers.</p>
|
||||
<dl>
|
||||
<dt><strong>Recommendations</strong></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Anti-circumvention provisions should be abrogated.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<ol start="22" style="list-style-type: decimal">
|
||||
<li><p><strong>Should some/all of the exceptions be made mandatory and, if so, is there a need for a higher level of harmonisation of such exceptions?</strong></p>
|
||||
<p><strong>Yes</strong></p></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<p>Exceptions to software copyright for reverse-engineering and decompilation purposes should not be weakened, but strengthened.</p>
|
||||
<p>Circumvention of digital restrictions management (DRM) should be considered outside the scope of protection provided by copyright law, or alternatively an exception for circumvention of DRM for legitimate purposes should be made mandatory in all EU member States. Moreover, circumvention of DRM should not bear compensation to the protected content rightholder, nor to the DRM mechanism owner.</p>
|
||||
<ol start="24" style="list-style-type: decimal">
|
||||
<li><p><strong>Independently from the questions above, is there a need to provide for a greater degree of flexibility in the EU regulatory framework for limitations and exceptions?</strong></p>
|
||||
<p><strong>Yes</strong></p></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<p>Exceptions and limitations to copyright should benefit from greater legal certainty.</p>
|
||||
<p>In this regard, the Three-step test should be reasonably interpreted as an obligation <strong>for the legislator</strong> rather than as a means towards weakening exceptions to copyright that the law provides for as seen in some court cases in Europe<a href="#fn3" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref3"><sup>3</sup></a>.</p>
|
||||
<dl>
|
||||
<dt><strong>Recommendations</strong></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><p>Exceptions to software copyright for reverse-engineering and decompilation purposes should be strengthened to benefit interoperability and innovation.</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p>Exceptions to anti-DRM circumvention provisions should be strengthened for interoperability and other legitimate purposes.</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p>Existing exceptions and limitations to copyright should benefit from greater legal certainty by making explicit that the Three-Step test is an obligation to the legislator, not a a legal reasoning to be used in courts in order to weaken established exceptions and limitations.</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<ol start="4" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha">
|
||||
<li><strong>How to improve the use and interoperability of identifiers</strong></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>There is no shortage of databases of rights and works information, but they largely lack interoperability - even between databases carrying information about the same type of works. We believe that the true benefit of such databases can only be realised with open standards and public APIs for registering, requesting and modifying information in such databases. We further believe that such interoperability would enable works information to be carried not only in a single database but distributed across multiple databases operated independently of one another: some might be maintained by rights holders themselves, other databases by non-profit organisations or business entities. This would create a network of interoperable databases that support the creator and user of creative works with the flexibility they need to maintain information about works. As we go about our lives online, we create works that are potentially covered by copyright many times every day - hundreds of times, if counting every email we send, picture we take, story we share. Registering this in a single database becomes highly impractical. We believe the role of the EU to ensure and enforce interoperability between such databases and ensuring that the public has equal access to information within them using open standards.</p>
|
||||
<p>Persistent identifiers are a requirement for ensuring the full benefits of a network of databases are realised. As has been shown in studies by the International Press and Telecommunications Council (IPTC) though, a more pressing issue than the adoption of identifiers is to enable the retention of such identifiers. Such identifiers already exist today, but they are routinely stripped from works as they are shared online. We therefore believe that the role of the EU is not so much in the promoting adoption of identifiers but working with industry and the community to ensure that such identifiers are retained through all stages of creating, curating and using a work.</p>
|
||||
<dl>
|
||||
<dt><strong>Recommendations</strong></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>The role of the EU should be to work with industry and with the commmunity to ensure that identifiers are retained through all stages of publishing, curating and using a work.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl>
|
||||
<div class="footnotes">
|
||||
<h2 id="fn">Footnotes</h2>
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li id="fn1"><p><em>Cross a border, loose your ebooks</em>, Aug 17, 2013, BoingBoing, <a href="http://boingboing.net/2013/08/17/cross-a-border-lose-your-eboo.html">http://boingboing.net/2013/08/17/cross-a-border-lose-your-eboo.html</a><a href="#fnref1">↩</a></p></li>
|
||||
<li id="fn2"><p><em>VLC : la Hadopi n'a pas la clef pour ouvrir la porte du Blu-ray</em>, PC Inpact, 08/04/2013, <a href="https://www.pcinpact.com/news/78893-vlc-hadopi-na-pas-clef-pour-ouvrir-porte-blu-ray.htm">https://www.pcinpact.com/news/78893-vlc-hadopi-na-pas-clef-pour-ouvrir-porte-blu-ray.htm</a><a href="#fnref2">↩</a></p></li>
|
||||
<li id="fn3"><p>In <em>arrêt Mulholland Drive</em> the French Cour de cassation followed a misguided interpretation of the Three-step test that reduced the exception for private copy to a trickle. (Chambre de cassation, civ. 1<sup>re</sup>, Arrêt n° 549 du 28 février 2006, 05-15.824, 05-16.002)<a href="#fnref3">↩</a></p></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div><!--/e-content-->
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
<sidebar promo="about-fsfe">
|
||||
<div id="related-content">
|
||||
<h3>Related</h3>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/consultations/2013/copyright-rules/index_en.htm">Public Consultation on the review of the EU copyright rules</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/drm/drm.html">FSFE on DRM</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</sidebar>
|
||||
<date>
|
||||
<original content="2014-03-05" />
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
<author id="roy" />
|
||||
<legal type="cc-license">
|
||||
<license>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en</license>
|
||||
<notice>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</notice>
|
||||
</legal>
|
||||
<download type="pdf" content="20140305-copyright-rules.en.pdf" />
|
||||
<sidebar/>
|
||||
</html>
|
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|
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|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Valutazione del rapporto sull'implementazione della direttiva InfoSoc</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body class="article" microformats="h-entry">
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">Il nostro lavoro</a></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h1 id="assessment-of-the-report-on-the-implementation-of-the-InfoSoc-directive">Valutazione
|
||||
del rapporto sull'implementazione della direttiva InfoSoc</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="introduction">Introduzione</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Il 6 giugno di quest'anno abbiamo proposto
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy/eu/20150605-Comments-On-Reda-Report.en.html">la
|
||||
nostra valutazione</a> della bozza sul rapporto sull'implementazione della Direttiva
|
||||
2001/29/EC. In seguito, alcuni emendamenti sono stati approvati e il rapporto
|
||||
è stato votato presso il Parlamento Europeo il 9 luglio. Come ci si aspettava,
|
||||
ci sono stati molti cambiamenti; oggi vi presentiamo la nostra valutazione della versione
|
||||
finale del rapporto.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Come abbiamo affermato in precedenza, il dinamico ecosistema del Software Libero e
|
||||
i suoi notevoli successi hanno le proprie fondamenta nella legge sul diritto d'autore.
|
||||
Per questa ragione, noi, alla FSFE, siamo ben disposti a sostenere una riforma
|
||||
sulla legislazione del diritto d'autore in Europa. Desideriamo e abbiamo bisogno che esso
|
||||
sia a prova delle sfide future, sostenibile e realistico.
|
||||
I cittadini europei hanno bisogno che i propri legislatori guardino al
|
||||
diritto d'autore come uno dei molti strumenti a disposizione delle politiche per l'innovazione.
|
||||
Questo implica prendere sul serio gli interessi degli utenti, e plasmare le nuove leggi sul
|
||||
diritto d'autore basandosi sui fatti. Concretamente, abbiamo bisogno di eccezioni uniformi,
|
||||
che non siano definite dall'uso di una specifica tecnologia e che non siano
|
||||
ingiustamente limitate da misure tecnologiche di protezione. Chiediamo anche
|
||||
che l'Unione Europea riconosca la necessità di un pubblico dominio più forte,
|
||||
non solo per i lavori artistici e letterari, ma anche per il software. Tutti questi
|
||||
punti sono stati affrontati nella versione finale del rapporto, anche se
|
||||
non sempre tanto quanto avremmo voluto.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="general-considerations">Considerazioni generali</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="definition-of-copyright">Definizione del diritto d'autore</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>La FSFE crede che ci sia una distinzione importante da fare
|
||||
tra la proprietà privata e la così detta “proprietà intellettuale”.
|
||||
Quest'ultima, essendo composta da beni non-rivali, può essere condivisa all'infinito
|
||||
senza diminuire il benessere intellettuale del creatore originario.
|
||||
Come tale, la possibilità di ampliare la distribuzione non solo beneficia i creatori
|
||||
ma genera anche un più alto livello di innovazione. Questa distinzione,
|
||||
ancora presente nella maggior parte dei trattati internazionali, è rappresentata solo parzialmente
|
||||
dalla versione finale del rapporto <a class="fn" id="fnref1" href="#fn1">1</a>.
|
||||
Questa confusione è una delle ragioni per cui crediamo che l'espressione
|
||||
“proprietà intellettuale” dovrebbe essere evitata e possibilmente eliminata
|
||||
del tutto dal linguaggio giuridico.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Diversi articoli<a href="#fn2" class="fn" id="fnref2">2</a>hanno adottano a loro volta
|
||||
un approccio preoccupante, implicando che la protezione del diritto d'autore sia il solo modo
|
||||
per generare reddito e quindi incoraggiare la creatività. È
|
||||
importante riconoscere un'appropriata remunerazione agli autori, ma crediamo che
|
||||
il diritto d'autore conduca ad un maggior grado di creatività solo quando
|
||||
le limitazioni alla riproduzione sono bilanciate da un'adeguata quantità di usi
|
||||
consentiti. Questo equilibrio si trova permettendo un grado decente di
|
||||
riutilizzo, cosicché i creatori possano costruire continuando il lavoro dei loro predecessori.
|
||||
Mentre questo è sempre possibile grazie alle licenze di Software Libero, l'intera
|
||||
comunità trarrebbe beneficio da un più alto grado di riutilizzabilità di tutti i sorgenti
|
||||
esistenti, indipendentemente dalla licenza sotto la quale sono stati distribuiti.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="technological-neutrality">Neutralità tecnologica</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Il rapporto sembra incorporare il principio di neutralità tecnologica.
|
||||
Questo dovrebbe assicurare che tutti i diritti saranno disponibili,
|
||||
per gli autori, gli editori e gli utenti, indipendentemente dalla tecnologia impiegata.
|
||||
L'articolo 64 invoca espressamente l'impiego di una struttura legislativa tecnologicamente
|
||||
neutrale, promuovendo l'equivalenza tra l'uso analogico e quello digitale.
|
||||
Questo principio potrebbe avere un impatto positivo sulle
|
||||
<a href="#technological-neutrality-and-the-open-norm">eccezioni al diritto d'autore</a>
|
||||
e sulla <a href="#digital-rights-management">gestione digitale dei diritti</a>
|
||||
(Digital Rights Management - DRM), ma dipenderà da come sarà concretamente implementato nella legislazione.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="copyright-and-borders">Diritto d'autore e frontiere</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Mentre la Commissione sembra spingere verso un'armonizzazione più profonda
|
||||
del mercato digitale che includa una riforma di almeno alcuni aspetti
|
||||
del diritto d'autore e dei diritti vicini, il Parlamento Europeo potrebbe non adottare
|
||||
una posizione definitiva, con articoli differenti che puntino in direzioni differenti.
|
||||
Non è chiaro se questo impatterà direttamente sul software, ma
|
||||
l'attuale legislazione frammentaria sul diritto d'autore sicuramente non aiuta
|
||||
a fornire un ambiente tra i più chiari e uniformi per quelle licenze
|
||||
che sono interpretate secondo le giurisdizioni Europee.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="exceptions">Eccezioni</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>La FSFE ha sostenuto anche la riforma per le eccezioni al diritto d'autore. Il rapporto
|
||||
redige alcuni punti interessanti a riguardo.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="uniformity-of-exceptions">Uniformità delle eccezioni</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>La bozza del rapporto chiedeva leggi uniformi, all'interno dell'UE,
|
||||
per l'interpretazione delle eccezioni e delle limitazioni. Abbiamo sostenuto questa
|
||||
visione perché, al momento, una decisa divergenza nell'implementazione tra gli
|
||||
stati membri crea un considerevole attrito nel mercato interno all'UE. Questo
|
||||
attrito coinvolge in maniera sproporzionata individui, progetti e
|
||||
piccole e medie imprese, i quali spesso mancano delle risorse giuridiche necessarie
|
||||
per assicurare che le proprie azioni rimangano all'interno dell'area
|
||||
coperta dalle limitazioni ed eccezioni al diritto d'autore.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Il rapporto, come approvato dal Parlamento, assume una posizione molto più debole
|
||||
chiedendo armonizzazione e standard minimi solo per <em>alcune</em>
|
||||
eccezioni<a href="#fn3" class="fn" id="fnref3">3</a>. Questa miglioria parziale
|
||||
non è soddisfacente, perché non risolverà il problema principale
|
||||
della direttiva “InfoSoc”, la quale ha fallito nel fornire un sistema di diritto d'autore
|
||||
adeguatamente armonizzato. Mantenere differenti classi di eccezioni (completamente
|
||||
armonizzate, armonizzate secondo uno standard minimo, opzionali, a discrezione
|
||||
dello Stato) renderà il sistema del diritto d'autore solamente più
|
||||
complicato per tutte le parti coinvolte.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="waivability-of-exceptions">Rinuncia alle eccezioni</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Un'aggiunta interessante al rapporto finale rende le eccezioni
|
||||
irrinunciabili tramite clausole contrattuali<a href="#fn4" class="fn" id="fnref4">4</a>.
|
||||
Questo renderà più semplice sapere quali diritti abbia un utente, indipendentemente
|
||||
dal contenuto specifico della licenza (libera o proprietaria). Inoltre, il rapporto finale
|
||||
richiede che sia reso impossibile limitare in via contrattuale l’accesso ad informazioni
|
||||
che non siano coperte da diritto d'autore o da un diritto analogo.
|
||||
Questo dovrebbe risultare in una maggiore disponibilità dell'informazione che sarebbe
|
||||
stata altrimenti ingiustamente tenuta segreta. Come tale, questa è una miglioria ben accolta.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="technological-neutrality-and-the-open-norm">Neutralità tecnologica e la norma aperta</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Il principio di neutralità tecnologica, come già menzionato, è
|
||||
applicato più chiaramente per quanto riguarda le eccezioni. Sosteniamo una riforma
|
||||
della Direttiva sul diritto d'autore che assicuri un'equa applicazione delle eccezioni
|
||||
sia nel campo digitale che analogico. Il
|
||||
rapporto attuale<a href="#fn5" class="fn" id="fnref5">5</a> chiede alla Commissione di
|
||||
rivedere le eccezioni al diritto d'autore per adattarle meglio all'attuale ambiente
|
||||
tecnologico e per raggiungere sia la neutralità tecnologica
|
||||
che una migliore compatibilità attraverso l'interpretazione delle attuali eccezioni.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Il rapporto finale<a href="#fn6" class="fn" id="fnref6">6</a> propone
|
||||
di raggiungere la neutralità tecnologica attraverso una più larga interpretazione
|
||||
delle attuali eccezioni, mantenendo il "three-step-test" introdotto dalla Convenzione di Berna come guida
|
||||
per prevenire un'eccessiva espansione. Questa opzione è stata presentata nella bozza
|
||||
del rapporto e introdurrebbe un elemento importante di adattabilità nelle legislazioni
|
||||
riformate, fornendo una guida chiara per le corti su come
|
||||
interpretare le eccezioni e le limitazioni. In vista di un ambiente tecnologico
|
||||
in rapida evoluzione, una norma aperta assicurerebbe che la legge sul diritto d'autore
|
||||
dell'UE rimanga rilevante e attuabile nel lungo termine. In precedenza abbiamo sostenuto
|
||||
questo proposito ed ora diamo il benvenuto ai risultati raggiunti dal
|
||||
Parlamento Europeo.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="text-and-data-mining">Estrazione di testo e dati</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Alcuni detentori di diritti d'autore sostengono che gli utenti necessitino
|
||||
di una licenza ulteriore per estrarre informazioni da un'opera coperta da
|
||||
diritto d'autore con l'aiuto di strumenti software. La FSFE considererebbe qualsiasi
|
||||
simile imposizione come altamente dannosa per la creatività.
|
||||
Il solo fatto che i documenti digitali siano più facilmente soggetti ad
|
||||
analisi automatizzate non rappresenta certamente una ragione sufficiente a
|
||||
trattarli in modo differente da quelli analogici.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Le analisi automatizzate di testi e dataset sono basilari per molti
|
||||
servizi web a cui si affidano ogni giorno molti cittadini europei. La necessità di
|
||||
licenze aggiuntive per l'estrazione di testo e dati incrementerebbe enormemente
|
||||
i costi per la creazione di nuovi lavori basati su quelli esistenti. Questo
|
||||
introdurrebbe anche un ulteriore livello di attrito. La cosa più dannosa sarebbero
|
||||
i costi, in termini di lavoro non creato, di tale requisito.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>La bozza del rapporto chiedeva una struttura più semplice, che includesse
|
||||
esplicitamente il diritto di estrarre dati come parte del diritto di accesso
|
||||
ad un lavoro protetto. Il Parlamento non fa abbastanza su questo punto,
|
||||
chiedendo alla Commissione solamente di considerare questo problema
|
||||
<a href="#fn7" class="fn" id="fnref7">7</a>, lasciandolo pertanto irrisolto.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="digital-rights-management">Gestione digitale dei diritti</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Attualmente, alcuni proprietari usano la Restrizione digitale dei diritti
|
||||
(o Gestione digitale dei diritti; DRM in sigla) per limitare tecnicamente
|
||||
ciò che gli utenti possono fare con i lavori che hanno legalmente acquisito.
|
||||
Molto di frequente, queste misure ostacolano le persone nell’utilizzare, in modi
|
||||
completamente coperti da eccezioni e limitazioni, le opere in questione.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>In aggiunta, queste misure tecnologiche
|
||||
spesso trasmettono dati ai proprietari dei diritti o a terze parti
|
||||
senza la consapevolezza o il consenso attivo dell'utente, cosa che
|
||||
rappresenta un grave rischio per la privacy e autonomia di quest'ultimo.
|
||||
Quando si applica ai dispositivi, il DRM in effetti impone costrizioni
|
||||
al proprietario che sono così gravi da far sorgere significative preoccupazioni
|
||||
riguardo ai diritti del consumatore<a href="#fn8" class="fn" id="fnref8">8</a>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>La bozza del rapporto mirava a risolvere questi problemi imponendo
|
||||
la pubblicazione del codice sorgente delle protezioni tecnologiche.
|
||||
Il rapporto finale, in questo, lascia a desiderare, anche se ottiene alcuni
|
||||
miglioramenti. Il requisito esplicito per il codice sorgente è stato
|
||||
irragionevolmente eliminato, sostituito dalla pubblicazione di “tutte
|
||||
le informazioni disponibili riguardo le misure tecnologiche necessarie ad
|
||||
assicurare l'interoperabilità”<a href="#fn9" class="fn" id="fnref9">9</a>,
|
||||
e dalla menzione di una migliore interoperabilità nel software e nei terminali
|
||||
<a href="#fn10" class="fn" id="fnref10">10</a>. Queste condizioni
|
||||
aiuteranno i progettisti del Software Libero a creare programmi che
|
||||
possano accedere a contenuti protetti, ma i miglioramenti per la privacy degli utenti
|
||||
e la loro sicurezza saranno solamente indiretti e condizionati dallo sviluppo di
|
||||
alternative nel Software Libero, poiché la versione proprietaria delle
|
||||
tecnologie di controllo degli accessi non sarà soggetta allo scrutinio pubblico.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Il rapporto compie un altro passo in contrasto con il DRM<a href="#fn11" class="fn"
|
||||
id="fnref11">11</a> affermando che l'eccezione per copia privata non
|
||||
può essere limitata da misure tecnologiche (se è garantito il compenso
|
||||
all'autore). Diamo il benvenuto a questa esplicita protezione dell'eccezione
|
||||
per copia privata, ma dobbiamo puntualizzare che il DRM impedisce tutte
|
||||
le eccezioni. Mentre è possibile sostenere che non tutte le eccezioni
|
||||
meritino lo stesso grado di protezione, bisognerebbe tenere a mente
|
||||
che alcune meritano almeno lo stesso grado garantito alla copia privata
|
||||
(es. eccezioni per le librerie) e che, in ogni caso, ulteriori
|
||||
frammentazioni nelle eccezioni causeranno confusione su quali siano i diritti
|
||||
a disposizione degli utenti.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Uno spiraglio di speranza può essere trovato nel principio di
|
||||
neutralità tecnologica: se gli stessi atti che gli utenti possono legalmente
|
||||
intraprendere in ambiente analogico dovessero essere considerati legali
|
||||
in quello digitale, allora alla tecnologia DRM non dovrebbe essere consentito di
|
||||
ostacolare qualsivoglia eccezione. Il Parlamento non è stato molto esplicito, ma tale
|
||||
lettura del testo sembra giustificata e speriamo che la proposta
|
||||
da parte della Commissione sosterrà attivamente questa interpretazione.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="public-domain">Pubblico dominio</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Come abbiamo già affermato, il dominio pubblico è una importante risorsa per
|
||||
chiunque crei lavori originali. La creatività non viene dal nulla,
|
||||
ma attinge da una moltitudine di input e influenze. Il
|
||||
pubblico dominio - lavori che non sono coperti dal diritto d'autore e che possono essere
|
||||
usati liberamente - è una riserva particolarmente ricca di tali input. Salvaguardare
|
||||
e possibilmente estendere il pubblico dominio è essenziale per rendere possibile
|
||||
la creatività futura. Gli autori dovrebbero avere l'opzione di pubblicare i propri
|
||||
lavori direttamente nel pubblico dominio, qualora lo desiderino.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Qui il rapporto va nella direzione giusta, dato che l'articolo 31
|
||||
si appella ad una protezione migliore del pubblico dominio e richiede che la Commissione
|
||||
consideri di fornire agli autori la possibilità di contribuirvi direttamente.
|
||||
Inoltre afferma esplicitamente che le opere, una volta divenute di pubblico dominio,
|
||||
non possono essere riappropriate nuovamente tramite digitalizzazione.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="works-created-with-public-funds-should-be-available-to-the-public">Le opere
|
||||
create con fondi pubblici dovrebbero essere a disposizione del pubblico</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Il punto 5 della bozza del rapporto chiedeva che ogni lavoro prodotto
|
||||
da enti pubblici (appartenenti al potere legislativo, amministrativo o giudiziario) dovesse essere
|
||||
messo a disposizione del pubblico per l'uso e la modifica.
|
||||
Abbiamo suggerito di includere esplicitamente alla lista i software prodotti con
|
||||
fondi pubblici e che questo obbiettivo sarebbe raggiunto al meglio tramite l'uso
|
||||
delle licenze di Software Libero. Ciononostante, l'attuale articolo 30
|
||||
presenta delle richieste molto più deboli; anche se la sua formulazione non ha
|
||||
effetti negativi sul Software Libero, non impone al software sviluppato
|
||||
per le pubbliche amministrazioni di essere distribuito sotto una licenza libera.
|
||||
In questo modo il Parlamento ha perso
|
||||
un'occasione per fermare un incredibile spreco di risorse pubbliche.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="linking">Link</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Nella bozza del rapporto c'era la proposta di affermare chiaramente
|
||||
che i link ipertestuali non potessero essere considerati “comunicazioni ad
|
||||
un nuovo pubblico” ai fini della legge sul diritto d'autore. Siamo stati fortemente
|
||||
d'accordo con questa proposta, perché tale qualificazione giuridica limiterebbe pesantemente
|
||||
la libertà di espressione senza fornire alcun vantaggio agli autori.
|
||||
Inoltre, un World Wide Web appesantito da tale rischio sarebbe
|
||||
molto meno dinamico e quindi soffocato nella sua forza innovativa.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Affrontando vari emendamenti che hanno provato ad assoggettare i link
|
||||
alla protezione del diritto d'autore, l'intero argomento è stato escluso dalla
|
||||
versione finale, evitando così il rischio di un rapporto finale che richiedesse
|
||||
una struttura legislativa anche meno adatta alle tecnologie attuali.
|
||||
Non possiamo comprendere come un problema così semplice, fondamentale
|
||||
per l'esistenza di Internet così come lo conosciamo, possa generare
|
||||
una tale quantità di controversie e rimanere ancora ignorato. Questo comportamento
|
||||
comporta rimandare la decisione, o (più probabile)
|
||||
delegarla implicitamente alla Corte di Giustizia dell'Unione Europea.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="conclusion">Conclusione</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Anche se il rapporto propone alcuni miglioramenti all'attuale struttura
|
||||
legislativa, lo stesso presenta varie battute d'arresto rispetto alle bozze originali
|
||||
e non riesce a risolvere completamente i problemi maggiori con l'attuale
|
||||
legislazione sul diritto d'autore. Il prossimo passo per la Commissione è di pubblicare
|
||||
le proprie proposte per la riforma del diritto d'autore (attesa per la fine del 2015).
|
||||
Vorremmo che la Commissione avanzasse lungo il percorso aperto dal Parlamento,
|
||||
e lo portasse anche oltre, apportando delle migliorie sui punti più critici.
|
||||
Chiediamo che rendano chiaro che nessuna eccezione al diritto d'autore dovrebbe
|
||||
mai essere limitata dal DRM, che forniscano una serie di eccezioni completamente
|
||||
armonizzata, che rinforzino il principio di neutralità tecnologica
|
||||
e che rendano tutti i lavori finanziati pubblicamente parte del pubblico dominio.
|
||||
Infine, chiediamo di mantenere e rafforzare la distinzione
|
||||
tra proprietà fisica e la così detta “proprietà intellettuale”,
|
||||
essendo essenziale per una diffusione equa della conoscenza.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="fn">Note</h2>
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li id="fn1">Vedi Preambolo K e articolo 50<a href="#fnref1">↩</a></li>
|
||||
<li id="fn2">Articoli 1, 4, 5, 7, 19<a href="#fnref2">↩</a></li>
|
||||
<li id="fn3">Articoli 37 e 38<a href="#fnref3">↩</a></li>
|
||||
<li id="fn4">Articolo 61<a href="#fnref4">↩</a></li>
|
||||
<li id="fn5">Articoli 35 e 43<a href="#fnref5">↩</a></li>
|
||||
<li id="fn6">Articoli 43 e 44<a href="#fnref6">↩</a></li>
|
||||
<li id="fn7">Articolo 48<a href="#fnref7">↩</a></li>
|
||||
<li id="fn8">Puoi trovare ulteriori informazioni su come il DRM impone restrizioni
|
||||
ai diritti degli utenti su <a href="http://www.defectivebydesign.org/">defective by design</a>, su <a href="http://drm.info">drm.info</a>, in
|
||||
<a href="https://blogs.fsfe.org/eal/2013/05/03/digital-and-physical-restrictions-on-your-own-device/">questo
|
||||
post</a> dalla nostra fellowship o controllando
|
||||
<a href="/tags/tagged.en.html#nDRM">i nostri articoli</a>
|
||||
al riguardo.<a href="#fnref8">↩</a></li>
|
||||
<li id="fn9">Articolo 62<a href="#fnref9">↩</a></li>
|
||||
<li id="fn10">Articolo 63<a href="#fnref10">↩</a></li>
|
||||
<li id="fn11">Articolo 57<a href="#fnref11">↩</a></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
<sidebar promo="our-work">
|
||||
<h2>Indice</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="#intro">Introduzione</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="#general-considerations">Considerazioni generali</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="#exceptions">Eccezioni</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="#public-domain">Pubblico dominio</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="#linking">Link</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusione</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<h2>Link correlati</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/20150605-Comments-On-Reda-Report.en.html">La
|
||||
nostra valutazione della prima bozza del rapporto</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&reference=P8-TA-2015-0273&language=EN">Il rapporto</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://juliareda.eu/2015/06/reda-report-adopted-a-turning-point-in-the-copyright-debate/">Valutazioni di Julia Reda</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="http://copywrongs.eu/">Copywrongs.eu</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</sidebar>
|
||||
|
||||
<translator>Emanuele Croce, 17/09/2015</translator>
|
||||
</html>
|
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|
@ -1,141 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>FSFE - Unsere Arbeit bei der Europäischen Union</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">Unsere Arbeit</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Europäische Union</h1>
|
||||
<div id="introduction">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Seit 2001 beschäftigen wir uns mit der Politik der Europäischen Union,
|
||||
als die FSFE als sachverständige dritte Partei im
|
||||
Kartellrechtsverfahren der Kommission gegen Microsoft auftrat. Seitdem
|
||||
fördern wir Freie Software und achten besonders darauf, dass
|
||||
grundlegende Prinzipien wie fairer Wettbewerb berücksichtigt werden.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>EU Browser Fall</h2>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Die Free Software Foundation Europe unterstützte das
|
||||
Kartellrechtsverfahren der Europäischen Kommission gegen Microsoft als
|
||||
interessierter Sachverständiger. Die Untersuchung begann am 16. Januar
|
||||
als die GD Wettbewerb der Europäische Kommission ihren Bericht zu
|
||||
Einwänden einreichte, die sich auf Microsofts Missbrauch der
|
||||
Web-Standards und der Bündelung des Internet Explores (IE) an die
|
||||
Produktgruppen der Windows Betriebssysteme bezogen. Es basierte auf
|
||||
einer Beschwerde von Opera, einem europäischen Unternehmen, das Web
|
||||
Browser entwickelt und von der FSFE 2007 öffentlich unterstützt wurde.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Europäische Interoperabilität</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Die Europäische Kommission untersucht die Praxis, mit der Microsoft
|
||||
Wettbewerber daran hindert, Schnittstellen zu einer Vielzahl seiner
|
||||
Desktop-Programme für Gewerbetreibende aufzubauen. Der FSFE-Präsident
|
||||
Karten Gerloff betont:" Wir begrüßen die Entscheidung der Kommission,
|
||||
die Untersuchung zur Interoperabilität nicht abzuschließen während sie
|
||||
weiterhin beobachtet, ob die Versprechen von Microsoft ausreichen, um
|
||||
den Wettbewerb zu fördern."
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Die FSFE setzt sich ebenso für <a href="/freesoftware/standards/">Offene
|
||||
Standards</a> ein, die eine Schlüsselrolle für Interoperabilität
|
||||
einnehmen. Daher wirbt die FSFE für ihre Anwendung, vor allem
|
||||
durch die <a href="/news/2009/news-20091127-01.de.html">Revision des
|
||||
Europäischen Rahmenwerks zu Interoperabilität</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Weitere laufende Aktivitäten</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/fp7/fp7.de.html">Siebtes EU Rahmenprogramm</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/ipred2/ipred2.de.html">IPRED 2 - Kriminalisierung
|
||||
des Urheberrechts- und der Warenzeichenverletzung</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/self/self.de.html">SELF (Science, Education and Learning in Freedom)</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Was wir erreicht haben</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/ms-vs-eu/ms-vs-eu.de.html">Die FSFE und die
|
||||
Kartellklage gegen Microsoft</a> (2001-2007)</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/fp6/fp6.de.html">Sechstes Rahmenprogramm der
|
||||
EU</a> (2002)</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Verwandte Neuigkeiten</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091216-01.html">2009/12/16: Die FSFE
|
||||
begrüßt größere Auswahlmöglichkeiten für Nutzer bei Browsers, warnt
|
||||
davor, dass Freie Software von Interoperabilität ausgeschlossen
|
||||
wird</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091127-01.html">2009/11/27: EU gibt
|
||||
proprietären Lobbyisten bei Interoperabilität nach</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091109-02.html">2009/11/09: FSFE im Kampf
|
||||
für Europäische Interoperabilität</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091008-01.html">2009/10/08: Microsoft-
|
||||
Abkommen lässt Freie Software im Regen stehen</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091006-01.html">2009/10/06: Microsoft-
|
||||
Kartellrechtsklage: FSFE bietet der Europäische Kommission Analyse
|
||||
an</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20090728-01.html">2009/07/28: EU
|
||||
Browserfall: FSFE sagt, die Details des Abkommens werden
|
||||
entscheiden</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20090227-01.html">2009/02/27: FSFE beteiligt
|
||||
sich an EU Browserfall</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Dokumente und Veröffentlichungen</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/freesoftware/standards/ps.de.html">Eine Untersuchung über die
|
||||
Ausgewogenheit von Standardisierung und Patenten</a></b>
|
||||
(2008-12-02)<br /> Im Anschluss an den
|
||||
"<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/itemshortdetail.cfm?item_id=3371">IPR
|
||||
in ICT Standardisation</a>" Workshop vor zwei Wochen, analysierte der
|
||||
FSFE-Präsident <a href="/people/greve/">Georg Greve</a> die Konflikte
|
||||
zwischen Patenten und Standards. Der Ergebnisbericht zeigt die
|
||||
schädlichsten Effekte von Patenten auf Standards auf und untersucht die
|
||||
Effektivität der gängigen Strategien dagegen, sowie möglicher zukünftiger
|
||||
Lösungsversuche.
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/documents/eur5greve.de.html">Freie Software in Europa -
|
||||
Europäische Perspektiven und die Arbeit der FSFE</a></b>
|
||||
(2003-05-20)<br /> In diesem Artikel werden die langfristig Vorteile
|
||||
Freier Software in verschiedenen Bereichen erklärt und gezeigt, wie
|
||||
europäische Staaten von Freier Software profitieren können.
|
||||
(<a href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/pdf/europe/spring2003/EU5%20Georg%20Gree%20ATL-replace.pdf">Veröffentlicht</a>
|
||||
in der
|
||||
<a href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/spring2003/eu_spring2003_contents.asp">Frühling
|
||||
2003</a> Ausgabe der
|
||||
<a href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/europe_intro.shtml">Public Service Review - European Union</a>
|
||||
mit einem Vorwort von Romano Prodi)
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/fp6/lafis.de.html">FP6 EOI: LAFIS - LAying the Foundations for the Information
|
||||
Society</a></b> (2002-06-04)<br /></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/fp6/focal.de.html">FP6 EOI: FOCAL - FOcussing Competence for Advantages of
|
||||
Liberty</a></b> (2002-06-04)<br /></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/fp6/recommendation.de.html">Empfehlung der FSFE und unterstützender Parteien</a></b> (2002-04-30)<br />
|
||||
for the <a href="/activities/fp6/fp6.de.html">Sechstes Rahmenprogramm</a>
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
<translator>Andreas Aubele</translator>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
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|
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
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|
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<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Η Εργασία μας στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">Η Εργασία μας</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση</h1>
|
||||
<div id="introduction">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Η ανάμειξή μας με την πολιτική της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης πάει πίσω
|
||||
στο 2001, όταν το FSFE έγινε ενδιαφερόμενο τρίτο μέρος στην υπόθεση
|
||||
αντιμονοπωλιακής νομοθεσίας της Επιτροπής εναντίον της Microsoft.
|
||||
Από τότε, συνεχίζουμε να διαφημίζουμε το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό εστιάζοντας
|
||||
στο σεβασμό σε θεμελιώδεις αρχές όπως ο δίκαιος ανταγωνισμός.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- h2>Links</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/-->
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Επισκόπηση των πολιτικών της ΕΕ: Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό και Ανοιχτά Πρότυπα
|
||||
</h2>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Πολλές χώρες στην Ευρώπη έχουν πολιτικές, νόμους ή συστάσεις
|
||||
που αφορούν το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό και τα Ανοιχτά Πρότυπα.
|
||||
Σε συνεργασία με την κοινότητα του Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού,
|
||||
προετοιμάζουμε μια αναλυτική επισκόπηση αυτών των πολιτικών.
|
||||
Θέλουμε να δώσουμε σε ακτιβιστές και διαμορφωτές πολιτικής
|
||||
ένα εργαλείο συγκριτικής ανάλυσης προσεγγίσεων που υπάρχουν
|
||||
στις διάφορες χώρες και να μάθουμε και από τις καλές και από
|
||||
τις λιγότερο καλές πρακτικές. Η εργασία αυτή βρίσκεται σε εξέλιξη.
|
||||
Παρακαλώ στείλτε οτιδήποτε μπορείτε να προσθέσετε στο
|
||||
<policies AT fsfeurope DOT org>, μαζί με σχόλια που πιθανόν
|
||||
να έχετε.<br/>
|
||||
Μπορείτε να διαβάσετε περισσότερα
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy/eu/fspolicies.html"> εδώ</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Η υπόθεση της ΕΕ για τους περιηγητές Ιστού</h2>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Το Ευρωπαϊκό Ίδρυμα Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού υποστήριξε την Ευρωπαϊκή
|
||||
Επιτροπή στη διερευνητική διαδικασία περί αντιμονοπωλιακής νομοθεσίας
|
||||
εναντίον της Microsoft ως ενδιαφερόμενο τρίτο μέρος.
|
||||
Η διερεύνηση ξεκίνησε στις 16 Ιανουαρίου όταν η Γενική Διεύθυνση
|
||||
Ανταγωνισμού της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής ανακοίνωσε ότι είχε εκδώσει μια
|
||||
δήλωση ενστάσεων σχετικά με την κατάχρηση από τη Microsoft των προτύπων
|
||||
στον παγκόσμιο ιστό και την πρόσδεση του Internet Explorer (IE) στην
|
||||
οικογένεια προϊόντων του Λειτουργικού Συστήματος Windows. Η δήλωση
|
||||
έγινε με βάση μια καταγγελία η οποία υποβλήθηκε από την Opera, μια
|
||||
Ευρωπαϊκή εταιρία που ασχολείται με την ανάπτυξη περιηγητών ιστού
|
||||
και η οποία υποστηρίχθηκε δημόσια από το FSFE το 2007.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Η Διαλειτουργικότητα στην Ευρώπη</h2>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Η Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή διερευνά τον τρόπο με τον οποίο η Microsoft
|
||||
αποτρέπει τους ανταγωνιστές από τη διεπαφή με πολλά από τα προγράμματά
|
||||
της εφαρμογών γραφείου. Ο Πρόεδρος του FSFE's Karsten Gerloff λέει:
|
||||
"Καλωσορίζουμε την απόφαση της Επιτροπής να κρατήσει ανοικτή την έρευνα
|
||||
για τη διαλειτουργικότητα ενώ παρακολουθεί αν οι υποσχέσεις της Microsoft
|
||||
βοηθούν στην προώθηση του ανταγωνισμού".
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Το FSFE επίσης ασκεί πίεση για τα
|
||||
<a href="/freesoftware/standards/">Ανοιχτά Πρότυπα</a>, τα οποία
|
||||
είναι κλειδί για τη διαλειτουργικότητα και ως τέτοια το FSFE προβάλλει
|
||||
την υιοθέτησή τους, ιδιαίτερα μέσα από την
|
||||
<a href="/news/2009/news-20091127-01.el.html">αναθεώρηση του Ευρωπαϊκού
|
||||
Πλαισίου Διαλειτουργικότητας</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Άλλες τρέχουσες δραστηριότητες</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2011/news-20111128-02.html">Horizon 2020</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/fp7/fp7.html">7ο Πρόγραμμα Πλαίσιο της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/ipred2/ipred2.html">IPRED 2 - Η ποινικοποίηση της παραβίασης πνευματικών
|
||||
δικαιωμάτων και εμπορικών σημάτων</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/self/self.html">SELF (Science, Education and Learning in Freedom)</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Τι επιτύχαμε</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/ms-vs-eu/ms-vs-eu.html">Το FSFE και η αντιμονοπωλιακή υπόθεση εναντίον της Microsoft</a> (2001-2007)</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/fp6/fp6.html">6ο Πρόγραμμα Πλαίσιο της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής</a> (2002)</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Σχετικές ειδήσεις</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091216-01.html">2009/12/16: Το FSFE καλωσορίζει τη διεύρυνση των επιλογών
|
||||
του χρήστη στους περιηγητές, προειδοποιεί ότι το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό εξαιρείται από τη διαλειτουργικότητα</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091127-01.html">2009/11/27: Η Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή καταρρέει υπό την πίεση
|
||||
ομάδων ιδιοκτησιακών λύσεων σχετικά με τη διαλειτουργικότητα</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091109-02.html">2009/11/09: Το FSFE στη μάχη για τη διαλειτουργικότητα στην Ευρώπη
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091008-01.html">2009/10/08: Ο διακανονισμός της Microsoft βάζει το
|
||||
Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό στον πάγο</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091006-01.html">2009/10/06:Υπόθεση της Microsoft περί αντιμονοπωλιακής νομοθεσίας:
|
||||
το FSFE προσφέρει αναλυτική έκθεση στην Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20090728-01.html">2009/07/28: Η Υπόθεση της ΕΕ για τους περιηγητές ιστού:
|
||||
Το FSFE λέει ότι οι λεπτομέρειες του διακανονισμού θα είναι κρίσιμες
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20090227-01.html">2009/02/27: Το FSFE παίρνει μέρος στην υπόθεση της ΕΕ
|
||||
για τους περιηγητές ιστού
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Έγγραφα και Δημοσιεύσεις</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><p><strong><a href="20110429.CollectiveRedress.Response.FSFE.pdf">Η
|
||||
συμβολή του FSFE στη συλλογική έννομη προστασία (2011-04-30)</a></strong><br/>
|
||||
στη <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/competition/consultations/2011_collective_redress/index_en.html">δημόσια διαβούλευση</a> της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής «Προς μία
|
||||
συνεκτική Ευρωπαϊκή προσέγγιση στη συλλογική έννομη προστασία».
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><strong><a href="20110418.ProcurementConsultation.FSFE.response.pdf">Η
|
||||
συμβολή του FSFE στις δημόσιες προμήθειες Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού (2011-04-18)</a>
|
||||
</strong><br/> στη <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/publicprocurement/modernising_rules/consultations/index_en.htm">δημόσια διαβούλευση</a>
|
||||
της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής σχετικά με τον «εκσυγχρονισμό της πολιτικής δημόσιων
|
||||
προμηθειών της ΕΕ».
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><strong><a href="20100930-NetNeutrality.Consultation.pdf">Η έκθεση
|
||||
του FSFE σχετικά με τη Δικτυακή Ουδετερότητα (2010-09-30)</a></strong><br/> στη
|
||||
<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/policy/ecomm/library/public_consult//net_neutrality/index_en.htm">δημόσια διαβούλευση</a> της Ευρωπαϊκής
|
||||
Επιτροπής σχετικά με το «ανοιχτό διαδίκτυο και τη δικτυακή ουδετερότητα».
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/freesoftware/standards/ps.el.html">Ανάλυση της ισορροπίας: Προτυποποίηση και Διπλώματα Ευρεσιτεχνίας</a></b>
|
||||
(2008-12-02)<br />
|
||||
Με αφορμή την ημερίδα "<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/itemshortdetail.cfm?item_id=3371">IPR in ICT
|
||||
Standardisation</a>" πριν δύο εβδομάδες στις Βρυξέλλες, ο πρόεδρος του FSFE <a href="/about/people/greve/">Georg Greve</a>
|
||||
ανέλυσε τις συγκρούσεις ανάμεσα στις πατέντες και τα πρότυπα. Το αποτέλεσμα είναι μια δημοσίευση για τις πιο επιζήμιες
|
||||
επιπτώσεις των πατεντών στα πρότυπα, την αποτελεσματικότητα των υφιστάμενων μέτρων αποκατάστασης και για πιθανά
|
||||
επανορθωτικά μέτρα στο μέλλον
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/documents/eur5greve.el.html">Το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό στην Ευρώπη - Η Ευρωπαϊκή προοπτική
|
||||
και η εργασία του FSFE</a></b> (2003-05-20)<br />
|
||||
Ένα άρθρο που αναλύει τα οφέλη σε μεγάλη κλίμακα από το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό σε πολλές περιοχές και πώς η Ευρώπη
|
||||
και οι Ευρωπαϊκές χώρες μπορούν να επωφεληθούν από το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό.
|
||||
(<a href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/pdf/europe/spring2003/EU5%20Georg%20Gree%20ATL-replace.pdf">Δημοσιεύτηκε</a>
|
||||
στο <a href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/spring2003/eu_spring2003_contents.asp">Spring 2003</a>
|
||||
τεύχος του
|
||||
<a href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/europe_intro.shtml">Public Service Review - European Union</a>
|
||||
με πρόλογο του Romano Prodi)
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/fp6/lafis.html">FP6 EOI: LAFIS - LAying the Foundations for the Information
|
||||
Society</a></b> (2002-06-04)<br /></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/fp6/focal.html">FP6 EOI: FOCAL - FOcussing Competence for Advantages of
|
||||
Liberty</a></b> (2002-06-04)<br /></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/fp6/recommendation.html">Recommendation by the FSFE and supporting parties</a></b> (2002-04-30)<br />
|
||||
for the <a href="/activities/fp6/fp6.html">6th framework programme</a>
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Our Work at the European Union - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">Our Work</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>European Union</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="introduction">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Our involvement in the European Union policy goes back to 2001,
|
||||
when FSFE became an interested third-party in the Commission's
|
||||
antitrust case against Microsoft. Since then, we have kept
|
||||
on promoting Free Software by focusing on fundamental principles that must be respected, such as fair competition.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Links</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>EU Policies overview: Free Software and Open Standards</h2>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Many countries in Europe have policies, laws or
|
||||
recommendations concerning Free Software and Open
|
||||
Standards. In collaboration with the Free Software
|
||||
community, we are preparing a comprehensive overview of
|
||||
these policies. We want to provide both activists and
|
||||
policy makers with a tool to compare the approaches that
|
||||
exist in different countries, and to learn from both good
|
||||
and less good practices. This is a work in progress.
|
||||
Please email anything you can add to <policies AT
|
||||
fsfeurope DOT org>, along with any comments you may have.<br/>
|
||||
You can read more <a href="/activities/policy/eu/fspolicies.html"> here</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>EU Browser case</h2>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Free Software Foundation Europe supported the European Commission's
|
||||
antitrust investigation against Microsoft as an interested third party.
|
||||
The investigation began on the 16th of January when the European
|
||||
Commission DG Competition reported that it had issued a statement of
|
||||
objections regarding Microsoft's abuse of web standards and the tying of
|
||||
Internet Explorer (IE) to the Windows Operating System product family.
|
||||
It is based on a complaint submitted by Opera, a European company
|
||||
involved in web browser development, which FSFE publicly supported in
|
||||
2007.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>European Interoperability</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The European Commission is investigating the way Microsoft prevents
|
||||
competitors from interfacing with many of its desktop productivity
|
||||
programs. FSFE's President Karsten Gerloff says: "We welcome the
|
||||
Commission's decision to keep the interoperability investigation open
|
||||
while it monitors whether Microsoft's promises help to promote
|
||||
competition."
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
FSFE is also pushing for <a href="/freesoftware/standards/">Open Standards</a>, which
|
||||
are key to interoperability and as such FSFE promotes their adoption, especially through the <a href="/news/2009/news-20091127-01.en.html">revision of the European Interoperability Framework</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Other ongoing activities</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2011/news-20111128-02.html">Horizon 2020</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/fp7/fp7.en.html">7th EC Framework Programme</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/ipred2/ipred2.en.html">IPRED 2 - Criminalisation of copyright and trademark infringement</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/self/self.en.html">SELF (Science, Education and Learning in Freedom)</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>What we achieved</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/ms-vs-eu/ms-vs-eu.en.html">FSFE and the antitrust case against Microsoft</a> (2001-2007)</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/fp6/fp6.en.html">6th EC Framework Programme</a> (2002)</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Related news</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091216-01.html">2009/12/16: FSFE welcomes greater user choice in browsers, warns that Free Software is excluded from interoperability</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091127-01.html">2009/11/27: EC caves in to proprietary lobbyists on interoperability</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091109-02.html">2009/11/09: FSFE in battle for European interoperability
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091008-01.html">2009/10/08: Microsoft settlement leaves Free Software in the cold
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091006-01.html">2009/10/06: Microsoft antitrust case: FSFE offers analysis to European Commission
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20090728-01.html">2009/07/28: EU browser case: FSFE says details of settlement will be crucial
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20090227-01.html">2009/02/27: FSFE engages in the EU browser case
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Documents and Publications</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><p><strong><a href="20110429.CollectiveRedress.Response.FSFE.pdf">FSFE's contribution on collective redress (2011-04-30)</a></strong><br/> to the European Commission's <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/competition/consultations/2011_collective_redress/index_en.html">public consultation</a> "Towards a coherent European approach to collective redress".
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><strong><a href="20110418.ProcurementConsultation.FSFE.response.pdf">FSFE's contribution on public procurement of Free Software (2011-04-18)</a></strong><br/> to the European Commission's <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/publicprocurement/modernising_rules/consultations/index_en.htm">public consultation</a> on "modernisation of EU public procurement policy".
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><strong><a href="20100930-NetNeutrality.Consultation.pdf">FSFE's submission on Net Neutrality (2010-09-30)</a></strong><br/> to the European Commission's <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/policy/ecomm/library/public_consult//net_neutrality/index_en.htm">public consultation</a> on "open internet and net neutrality".
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/freesoftware/standards/ps.en.html">Analysis on balance: Standardisation and Patents</a></b> (2008-12-02)<br />
|
||||
Following up on the "<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/itemshortdetail.cfm?item_id=3371">IPR in ICT Standardisation</a>" Workshop two weeks ago in Brussels, FSFE president <a href="/about/people/greve/">Georg Greve</a> analysed the conflicts between patents and standards. The resulting paper is about the most harmful effects of patents on standards, the effectiveness of current remedies, and potential future remedies.
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/documents/eur5greve.en.html">Free Software in Europe - European perspectives and work of the FSF
|
||||
Europe</a></b> (2003-05-20)<br />
|
||||
An article explaining the large-scale beneficial aspects of Free Software
|
||||
in multiple areas and how Europe and the European countries can benefit
|
||||
from Free Software.
|
||||
(<a href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/pdf/europe/spring2003/EU5%20Georg%20Gree%20ATL-replace.pdf">Published</a>
|
||||
in the
|
||||
<a href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/spring2003/eu_spring2003_contents.asp">Spring 2003</a>
|
||||
issue of the
|
||||
<a href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/europe_intro.shtml">Public Service Review - European Union</a>
|
||||
with a foreword by Romano Prodi)
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/fp6/lafis.en.html">FP6 EOI: LAFIS - LAying the Foundations for the Information
|
||||
Society</a></b> (2002-06-04)<br /></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/fp6/focal.en.html">FP6 EOI: FOCAL - FOcussing Competence for Advantages of
|
||||
Liberty</a></b> (2002-06-04)<br /></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/fp6/recommendation.en.html">Recommendation by the FSFE and supporting parties</a></b> (2002-04-30)<br />
|
||||
for the <a href="/activities/fp6/fp6.en.html">6th framework programme</a>
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Notre action au sein de l'Union Européenne - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">Notre action</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Union Européenne</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="introduction">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Nous avons pris part aux politiques de l'Union Européenne en 2001, quand la FSFE est devenue une tierce partie dans le procès contre l'abus de position dominante de Microsoft. Depuis lors, nous n'avons cessé de promouvoir les logiciels libres en nous concentrant sur le respect de principes fondamentaux tels que la concurrence équitable.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Choix du navigateur</h2>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
La Free Software Foundation Europe a soutenu l'enquête
|
||||
antitrust contre Microsoft menée par la Commission européenne le 16 janvier 2008 quand la Commission à la concurrence a publié un communiqué concernant les abus de Microsoft sur les standards web ainsi que la vente liée d'Internet Explorer aux produits de la famille du système d'exploitation Windows. L'enquête fait suite à une plainte déposée par Opera, une entreprise européenne de développement de navigateur web, que la FSFE a ouvertement soutenue en 2007.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Interoperabilité européenne</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
La Commission Européenne enquête sur la manière dont Microsoft empêche ses concurrents d'interopérer avec nombre de ses logiciels de bureautique. Le président de la FSFE, Karsten Gerloff a déclaré : « Nous sommes heureux de la décision de la commission de maintenir ouverte l'enquête sur l'interopérabilité tandis qu'elle surveille si les promesses de Microsoft aident à promouvoir la concurrence. »
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
La FSFE pousse aussi les <a href="/freesoftware/standards/">standards ouverts</a>, qui sont la clé de l'interopérabilité et en tant que tels ; la FSFE promeut leur adoption, notamment au moyen de la <a href="/news/2009/news-20091127-01.html">révision du Cadre européen d'interopérabilité</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Autres activités en cours</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/fp7/fp7.html">7ème programme cadre de la commission européenne</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/ipred2/ipred2.html">IPRED 2 - Criminalisation des infractions aux droits d'auteur et aux marques déposées</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/self/self.html">SELF (Science, Education and Learning in Freedom)</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Ce que nous avons accompli</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/ms-vs-eu/ms-vs-eu.html">FSFE et le procès contre l'abus de position dominante de Microsoft</a> (2001-2007)</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/fp6/fp6.html">le 6ème programme cadre</a> (2002)</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Informations complémentaires</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091216-01.fr.html">2009/12/16 : La FSFE se réjouit de l'élargissement des choix pour l'utilisateur en matière de navigateurs, mais alerte que le Logiciel libre est exclu de l'interopérabilité</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091127-01.html">2009/11/27 : EC caves in to proprietary lobbyists on interoperability</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091109-02.html">2009/11/09 : La FSFE en guerre pour l'interopérabilité (en anglais)
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091008-01.html">2009/10/08 : L'arrangement avec Microsoft laisse le Logiciel Libre sur le carreau
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091006-01.html">2009/10/06 : Microsoft antitrust case: LA FSFE propose une analyse à la commission européenne [en anglais]
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20090728-01.html">2009/07/28 : EU browser case: la FSFE déclare que les détails de l'accord vont etre cruciaux [en anglais]
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20090227-01.html">2009/02/27 : La FSFE s'implique dans le dossier de l'UE concernant les navigateurs Internet
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Documents et publications</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><p>
|
||||
<strong><a href="20100930-NetNeutrality.Consultation.pdf">Réponse de la FSFE sur la neutralité du réseau (2010-09-30) (en)</a></strong><br/>
|
||||
à la <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/policy/ecomm/library/public_consult//net_neutrality/index_en.htm">consultation publique (en)</a> lancée par la Commission Européenne sur le thème « open internet and net neutrality » (Internet ouvert et neutralité du réseau).
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/freesoftware/standards/ps.html">Analyse de l'équilibre entre normes et brevets</a></b> (2008-12-02)<br />
|
||||
À la suite de l'atelier sur <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/itemshortdetail.cfm?item_id=3371">Les droits de propriété intellectuelle dnas la standardisation des technologies de l'information et de la communication</a> [en anglais] qui a eu lieu à Bruxelles, le fondateur de la FSFE <a href="/about/people/greve/">Georg Greve</a> a analysé les conflits entre brevets et standards. Le résultat est un article sur les effets les plus nocifs des brevets sur les standards, sur l'efficacité des remèdes actuels et les potentiels remèdes à venir.
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/documents/eur5greve.html">Logiciels libres en Europe - perspectives europénnes et travail de la FSFE</a></b> (2003-05-20)<br />
|
||||
Un article expliquant les aspects bénefiques au sens large des logiciels libres dans de nombreux domaines et comment l'Europe et les pays européens peuvent profiter des logiciels libres.
|
||||
(<a href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/pdf/europe/spring2003/EU5%20Georg%20Gree%20ATL-replace.pdf">Publié</a>
|
||||
dans l'édition de
|
||||
<a href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/spring2003/eu_spring2003_contents.asp">printemps 2003</a>
|
||||
de la
|
||||
<a href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/europe_intro.shtml">Public Service Review - Union Europénne</a>
|
||||
avec un avant propos de Romano Prodi)
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/fp6/lafis.en.html">FP6 EOI: LAFIS - LAying the Foundations for the Information
|
||||
Society (poser les bases d'une société de l'information)</a></b> (2002-06-04)<br /></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/fp6/focal.en.html">FP6 EOI: FOCAL - FOcussing Competence for Advantages of
|
||||
Liberty (concentrer les compétences pour apporter les avantages de la liberté)</a></b> (2002-06-04)<br /></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/fp6/recommendation.en.html">Recommendation de la FSFE et soutien des parties</a></b> (2002-04-30)<br />
|
||||
pour le<a href="/activities/fp6/fp6.html">6ème programme cadre</a>
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
<translator>maelle, Jil Larner (Mont Blanc, France)</translator>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Ons werk bij de Europese Unie - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">Ons werk</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Europese Unie</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="introduction">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Onze betrokkenheid bij het beleid van de Europese Unie gaat terug tot 2001,
|
||||
toen FSFE een belanghebbende derde partij werd in de
|
||||
antitrustzaak van de Commissie tegen Microsoft. Sindsdien hebben we
|
||||
Vrije Software gepromoot waarbij we de nadruk hebben gelegd op het respecteren van fundamentele principes
|
||||
zoals eerlijke competitie.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Links</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Overzicht van EU-beleid: Vrije Software en Open Standaarden</h2>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Veel landen in Europa hebben beleid, wetten of
|
||||
aanbevelingen over Vrije Software en Open
|
||||
Standaarden. In samenwerking met de Vrije Softwaregemeenschap
|
||||
bereiden we een uitgebreid overzicht van
|
||||
dit beleid voor. We willen activisten en beleidsmakers voorzien van
|
||||
gereedschap om de verschillen in aanpak in verschillende landen met elkaar te
|
||||
vergelijken en om te leren van goede en slechte praktijken.
|
||||
Dit is werk in uitvoering.
|
||||
E-mail alstublieft alles dat u kan toevoegen aan <policies AT
|
||||
fsfeurope PUNT org>, met daarbij eventueel uw commentaar.<br/>
|
||||
U kan er <a href="/activities/policy/eu/fspolicies.html"> hier</a> meer over lezen.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>EU-browserzaak</h2>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Free Software Foundation Europe steunde het antitrustonderzoek van de Europese Commissie
|
||||
tegen Microsoft als belanghebbende derde partij. Het onderzoek begon op
|
||||
16 januari toen het Directoraat-Generaal Competitie van de Europese
|
||||
Commissie rapporteerde dat het een verklaring had uitgebracht met
|
||||
bezwaren tegen het misbruik dat Microsoft maakt van webstandaarden en het bundelen van
|
||||
Internet Explorer (IE) met de Windows-besturingssysteemproductfamilie.
|
||||
Het is gebaseerd op een klacht die is ingediend door Opera, een Europees bedrijf
|
||||
dat betrokken is bij webbrowserontwikkeling, en door FSFE openlijk is gesteund in
|
||||
2007.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Europese interoperabiliteit</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
De Europese Commissie onderzoekt de manier waarop Microsoft voorkomt dat
|
||||
concurrenten kunnen werken met veel van haar desktopproductiviteitsprogramma's.
|
||||
FSFE's voorzitter Karsten Gerloff zegt: "We zijn blij met de beslissing van de
|
||||
Commissie om het onderzoek naar interoperabiliteit open te houden terwijl zij
|
||||
bijhoudt of Microsoft zich houdt aan haar afspraken om competitie te helpen promoten."
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
FSFE komt ook op voor <a href="/freesoftware/standards/">Open Standaarden</a>, die de
|
||||
sleutel vormen voor interoperabiliteit en als zodanig promoot FSFE het aannemen ervan, vooral door de <a href="/news/2009/news-20091127-01.en.html">revisie van het Europees interoperabiliteitsraamwerk</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Andere lopende activiteiten</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2011/news-20111128-02.html">Horizon 2020</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/fp7/fp7.en.html">7e EC Raamwerkprogramma</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/ipred2/ipred2.en.html">IPRED 2 - Criminalisatie van auteursrecht en overtreding van handelsmerk</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/self/self.en.html">SELF (Wetenschap, Educatie en Leren in Vrijheid, "Science, Education and Learning in Freedom")</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Wat we hebben bereikt</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/ms-vs-eu/ms-vs-eu.en.html">FSFE en de antitrustzaak tegen Microsoft</a> (2001-2007)</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/fp6/fp6.en.html">6e EC Raamwerkprogramma</a> (2002)</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Verwant nieuws</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091216-01.html">2009/12/16: FSFE is blij met meer keuze in browsers voor de gebruiker en waarschuwt dat Vrije Software is uitgesloten van interoperabiliteit</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091127-01.html">2009/11/27: EC schikt zich naar lobbyisten voor onvrije software als het gaat om interoperabiliteit</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091109-02.html">2009/11/09: FSFE strijdt voor Europese interoperabiliteit
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091008-01.html">2009/10/08: Microsoftschikking laat Vrije Software in de kou
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091006-01.html">2009/10/06: Microsoft antitrustzaak: FSFE biedt analyse aan Europese Commissie
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20090728-01.html">2009/07/28: EU-browserzaak: FSFE zegt dat details van de schikking cruciaal zullen zijn
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20090227-01.html">2009/02/27: FSFE raakt betrokken bij EU-browserzaak
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Documenten en Publicaties</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><p><strong><a href="20110429.CollectiveRedress.Response.FSFE.pdf">FSFE 's bijdrage over collectieve revisie (2011-04-30)</a></strong><br/> aan de Europese Commissie's <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/competition/consultations/2011_collective_redress/index_en.html">publieke consultatie</a> "Naar een coherente Europese aanpak van collectieve revisie".
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><strong><a href="20110418.ProcurementConsultation.FSFE.response.pdf">FSFE's bijdrage over publieke inkoop van Vrije Software (2011-04-18)</a></strong><br/> aan de Europese Commissie's <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/publicprocurement/modernising_rules/consultations/index_en.htm">publieke consultatie</a> over "modernisering van publiek inkoopbeleid van de EU".
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><strong><a href="20100930-NetNeutrality.Consultation.pdf">FSFE's inzending over netneutraliteit (2010-09-30)</a></strong><br/> aan de Europese Commissie's <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/policy/ecomm/library/public_consult//net_neutrality/index_en.htm">publieke consultatie</a> over "open internet en netneutraliteit".
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/freesoftware/standards/ps.en.html">Analyse over balans: Standaardisatie en Patenten</a></b> (2008-12-02)<br/>
|
||||
Na de "<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/itemshortdetail.cfm?item_id=3371">IPR in ICT Standaardisatie</a>"-workshop twee weken geleden in Brussel, analyseerde FSFE-voorzitter <a href="/about/people/greve/">Georg Greve</a>
|
||||
de conflicten tussen patenten en standaarden. Het resulterende
|
||||
document gaat over de schadelijkste effecten van patenten op standaarden, de
|
||||
effectiviteit van huidige remedies en potentiële toekomstige remedies.
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/documents/eur5greve.en.html">Vrije Software in Europa - Europese perspectieven en werk van de FSFE</a></b> (2003-05-20)<br/>
|
||||
Een artikel dat uitlegt wat op verschillende gebieden de grootschalige voordelen van Vrije Software zijn
|
||||
en hoe Europa en de Europese landen voordeel kunnen hebben van Vrije Software.
|
||||
(<a href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/pdf/europe/spring2003/EU5%20Georg%20Gree%20ATL-replace.pdf">Gepubliceerd</a>
|
||||
in het
|
||||
<a href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/spring2003/eu_spring2003_contents.asp">voorjaarsnummer van 2003</a>
|
||||
van
|
||||
<a href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/europe_intro.shtml">Public Service Review - European Union</a>
|
||||
met een voorwoord door Romano Prodi)
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/fp6/lafis.en.html">FP6 EOI: LAFIS - Het leggen van de funderingen voor de informatiesamenleving, "LAying the Foundations for the Information
|
||||
Society"</a></b> (2002-06-04)<br/></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/fp6/focal.en.html">FP6 EOI: FOCAL - Competentie richten op de voordelen van vrijheid, "FOcussing Competence for Advantages of
|
||||
Liberty"</a></b> (2002-06-04)<br/></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/fp6/recommendation.en.html">Aanbevelingen van de FSFE en steunende partijen</a></b> (2002-04-30)<br/>
|
||||
voor het <a href="/activities/fp6/fp6.en.html">6e raamwerkprogramma</a>
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
<translator>André Ockers</translator>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
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|
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|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>O que fazemos na União Europeia - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">O que fazemos</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>União Europeia</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="introduction">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
O nosso envolvimento na política da União Europeia remonta a 2001,
|
||||
quando a FSFE se tornou terceira parte interessada no caso anti dominio do mercado
|
||||
da Commissão contra a Microsoft. Desde então, pugnàmos pela promoção
|
||||
do Software Livre focando-nos em princípios fundamentais que têm que ser respeitados, como é o caso da concorrência leal.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Links</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Panorâmica das Políticas da UE: Software Livre e Padrões Abertos</h2>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Muitos países europeus têm políticas, leis ou
|
||||
recomendações sobre Software Livre e Padrões
|
||||
Abertos. Em colaboração com a comunidade de Software
|
||||
Livre, estamos a preparar uma panorâmica abrangente
|
||||
de tais políticas. Queremos proporcionar tanto a activistas
|
||||
como a políticos uma ferramenta de comparação das abordagens
|
||||
de diferentes países a estas matérias, o obter da ambos as melhores
|
||||
e as menos boas práticas. Este é um trabalho em andamento.
|
||||
Solicitamos que envie o que quer que possa ser um contributo para <policies AT
|
||||
fsfeurope DOT org>, assim como quaisquer comentários que possa ter.<br/>
|
||||
Tem mais informação <a href="/activities/policy/eu/fspolicies.html">aqui</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>O caso do Navegador da UE</h2>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
A Free Software Foundation Europe apoiou a investigação anti monopólio da Commissão
|
||||
Europeia contra a Microsoft enquanto terceira parte interessada.
|
||||
A investigação teve início a 16 de Janeiro quando a DG de Concorrência
|
||||
da Comissão Europeia informou que tinha emitido uma declaração de objecções
|
||||
relativamente ao abuso da Microsoft em padrões web e à vinculação
|
||||
do Internet Explorer (IE) à família de produtos do Sistema Operativo Windows.
|
||||
Baseia-se numa queixa apresentada pela Opera, uma empresa europeia
|
||||
envolvida no desenvolvimento de navegação web, que a FSFE apoiou publicamente em
|
||||
2007.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Interoperabilidade Europeia</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
A Comissão Europeia está a investigar a forma como a Microsoft impede
|
||||
os concorrentes de interagir com muitos dos seus programas de
|
||||
produtividade. Diz o Presidente da FSFE, Karsten Gerloff: "Saudamos a
|
||||
decisão da Commissão de manter em aberto a investigação sobre a interoperabilidade
|
||||
enquanto verifica se as promessas da Microsoft ajudam a promover a
|
||||
concorrência."
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
A FSFE está também a pressionar em favor dos <a href="/freesoftware/standards/">Padrões Abertos</a>, que
|
||||
são chave para a interoperabilidade e por isso FSFE promove a sua adopção, especialmente através da <a href="/news/2009/news-20091127-01.en.html">revisão do Quadro Europeu para a Interoperabilidade</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Outras actividades em curso</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2011/news-20111128-02.html">Horizonte 2020</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/fp7/fp7.en.html">7º Programa Quadro da CE</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/ipred2/ipred2.en.html">IPRED 2 - Criminalização da infracção de direitos de autor (copyright) e de marca comercial (trademark)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/self/self.en.html">SELF (Science, Education and Learning in Freedom)</a>[ou Ciência, Educação e Aprendizagem em Liberdade]</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>O que já alcançàmos</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/ms-vs-eu/ms-vs-eu.en.html">A FSFE e o caso anti-monopólio contra a Microsoft</a> (2001-2007)</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/fp6/fp6.en.html">6º Programa Quadro da CE</a> (2002)</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Notícias relacionadas</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091216-01.html">2009/12/16: FSFE welcomes greater user choice in browsers, warns that Free Software is excluded from interoperability</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091127-01.html">2009/11/27: EC caves in to proprietary lobbyists on interoperability</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091109-02.html">2009/11/09: FSFE in battle for European interoperability
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091008-01.html">2009/10/08: Microsoft settlement leaves Free Software in the cold
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091006-01.html">2009/10/06: Microsoft antitrust case: FSFE offers analysis to European Commission
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20090728-01.html">2009/07/28: EU browser case: FSFE says details of settlement will be crucial
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20090227-01.html">2009/02/27: FSFE engages in the EU browser case
|
||||
</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Documentos e Publicações</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><p><strong><a href="20110429.CollectiveRedress.Response.FSFE.pdf">FSFE's contribution on collective redress (2011-04-30)</a></strong><br/> to the European Commission's <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/competition/consultations/2011_collective_redress/index_en.html">public consultation</a> "Towards a coherent European approach to collective redress".
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><strong><a href="20110418.ProcurementConsultation.FSFE.response.pdf">FSFE's contribution on public procurement of Free Software (2011-04-18)</a></strong><br/> to the European Commission's <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/publicprocurement/modernising_rules/consultations/index_en.htm">public consultation</a> on "modernisation of EU public procurement policy".
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><strong><a href="20100930-NetNeutrality.Consultation.pdf">FSFE's submission on Net Neutrality (2010-09-30)</a></strong><br/> to the European Commission's <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/policy/ecomm/library/public_consult//net_neutrality/index_en.htm">public consultation</a> on "open internet and net neutrality".
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/freesoftware/standards/ps.en.html">Analysis on balance: Standardisation and Patents</a></b> (2008-12-02)<br />
|
||||
Following up on the "<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/itemshortdetail.cfm?item_id=3371">IPR in ICT Standardisation</a>" Workshop two weeks ago in Brussels, FSFE president <a href="/about/people/greve/">Georg Greve</a> analysed the conflicts between patents and standards. The resulting paper is about the most harmful effects of patents on standards, the effectiveness of current remedies, and potential future remedies.
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/documents/eur5greve.en.html">Free Software in Europe - European perspectives and work of the FSF
|
||||
Europe</a></b> (2003-05-20)<br />
|
||||
An article explaining the large-scale beneficial aspects of Free Software
|
||||
in multiple areas and how Europe and the European countries can benefit
|
||||
from Free Software.
|
||||
(<a href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/pdf/europe/spring2003/EU5%20Georg%20Gree%20ATL-replace.pdf">Published</a>
|
||||
in the
|
||||
<a href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/spring2003/eu_spring2003_contents.asp">Spring 2003</a>
|
||||
issue of the
|
||||
<a href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/europe_intro.shtml">Public Service Review - European Union</a>
|
||||
with a foreword by Romano Prodi)
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/fp6/lafis.en.html">FP6 EOI: LAFIS - LAying the Foundations for the Information
|
||||
Society</a></b> (2002-06-04)<br /></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/fp6/focal.en.html">FP6 EOI: FOCAL - FOcussing Competence for Advantages of
|
||||
Liberty</a></b> (2002-06-04)<br /></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/fp6/recommendation.en.html">Recommendation by the FSFE and supporting parties</a></b> (2002-04-30)<br />
|
||||
for the <a href="/activities/fp6/fp6.en.html">6th framework programme</a>
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Local Variables: ***
|
||||
mode: xml ***
|
||||
End: ***
|
||||
-->
|
|
@ -1,180 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>О деятельности ЕФСПО на уровне ЕС — ЕФСПО</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">О деятельности ЕФСПО</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Европейский союз</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="introduction">
|
||||
<p>Деятельность фонда на уровне Европейского союза началась в 2001 году
|
||||
с участия в качестве одной из заинтересованных сторон в антимонопольном
|
||||
судебном процессе Еврокомиссии против корпорации «Майкрософт». С тех пор
|
||||
фонд содействует свободному программному обеспечению, уделяя особое
|
||||
внимание соблюдению важнейших принципов, таких как добросовестная
|
||||
конкуренция и взаимное уважение.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Европейская политика: Свободные программы и открытые стандарты</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Во многих странах Европы есть правила, законы или рекомендации,
|
||||
касающиеся свободных программ и открытых стандартов. Совместно
|
||||
с сообществом свободного программного обеспечения мы подготавливаем
|
||||
подробный обзор этих правил. Мы хотим предоставить как активистам, так
|
||||
и ответственным лицам средство сопоставления подходов, действующих
|
||||
в разных странах, и извлечения уроков как из хорошей, так и из менее
|
||||
хорошей практики. Эта работа продолжается. Присылайте, пожалуйста,
|
||||
все то, что вы можете добавить, по адресу
|
||||
<policies AT fsfeurope DOT org>, вместе с любыми замечаниями,
|
||||
которые у вас возникнут.<br/> Подробности можно узнать <a
|
||||
href="/activities/policy/eu/fspolicies.html"> на отдельной
|
||||
странице</a>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Дело о браузерах</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Европейский фонд свободного программного обеспечения в качестве одной
|
||||
из заинтересованных сторон содействовал Еврокомиссии в расследовании
|
||||
монопольного положения корпорации «Майкрософт» на рынке браузеров.
|
||||
Рассмотрение дела началось 16 января, когда Генеральный директорат
|
||||
Еврокомиссии по вопросам конкуренции опубликовал заявление, в котором
|
||||
обвинил корпорацию в нарушении стандартов сети Интернет и принудительной
|
||||
поставке браузера Internet Explorer с операционными системами семейства
|
||||
Windows. Иск в Еврокомиссию подала норвежская компания Opera,
|
||||
специализирующаяся на разработке одноименного браузера. ЕФСПО публично
|
||||
поддержал компанию в 2007 году.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Совместимость на европейском уровне</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Европейская комиссия расследует методы, которые корпорация
|
||||
«Майкрософт» использует для предотвращения совместимости программ
|
||||
конкурентов со своими настольными приложениями. Как заявил президент
|
||||
ЕФСПО Карстен Герлофф, «мы приветствуем решение Еврокомиссии
|
||||
о продолжении сбора сведений по вопросам совместимости и наблюдения
|
||||
за тем, насколько обещания корпорации «Майкрософт» помогают развитию
|
||||
конкуренции».</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Кроме того, ЕФСПО выступает за использование <a
|
||||
href="/freesoftware/standards/"> открытых стандартов</a> как основы
|
||||
совместимости. Фонд продвигает их внедрение в рамках <a
|
||||
href="/news/2009/news-20091127-01.html"> пересмотра Европейской
|
||||
концепции совместимости</a>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Другие текущие кампании</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2011/news-20111128-02.html">
|
||||
Горизонт-2020</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/fp7/fp7.html">Седьмая структурная
|
||||
программа Еврокомиссии</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/ipred2/ipred2.html"> IPRED 2 — Криминализация
|
||||
нарушений авторского права и товарных знаков</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/self/self.html"> SELF (Свободная наука,
|
||||
образование и познание)</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Чего мы добились</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/ms-vs-eu/ms-vs-eu.html">ЕФСПО и
|
||||
антимонопольное судебное разбирательство против корпорации
|
||||
«Майкрософт»</a> (2001-2007)</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/fp6/fp6.html">Шестая структурная
|
||||
программа Еврокомиссии</a> (2002)</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Новости по теме</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091216-01.html">2009/12/16: ЕФСПО
|
||||
приветствует предоставление пользователям более широкого выбора
|
||||
браузеров и предупреждает о том, что совместимость со свободными
|
||||
программами не рассматривается</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091127-01.html">2009/11/27: Еврокомиссия
|
||||
уступает лоббистам несвободных программ в вопросах
|
||||
совместимости</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091109-02.html">2009/11/09: ЕФСПО
|
||||
в борьбе за совместимость на европейском уровне</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091008-01.html">2009/10/08: В
|
||||
соглашении с корпорацией «Майкрософт» не учтены интересы свободных
|
||||
программ</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20091006-01.html">2009/10/06:
|
||||
Антимонопольное расследование в отношении корпорации «Майкрософт»: ЕФСПО
|
||||
предлагает Еврокомиссии свой анализ ситуации</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20090728-01.html">2009/07/28: Дело о
|
||||
браузерах в Евросоюзе: ЕФСПО заявляет о решающем значении деталей
|
||||
соглашения</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/news/2009/news-20090227-01.html">2009/02/27: ЕФСПО
|
||||
участвует в деле о браузерах</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Документы и публикации</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><p><strong><a
|
||||
href="20110429.CollectiveRedress.Response.FSFE.pdf"> Выступление ЕФСПО
|
||||
на коллективном пересмотре (2011-04-30)</a></strong><br/>
|
||||
На <a
|
||||
href="http://ec.europa.eu/competition/consultations/2011_collective_redress/index_en.html">
|
||||
открытом семинаре</a> Еврокомиссии «Об общеевропейском подходе
|
||||
к коллективному пересмотру».</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><strong><a
|
||||
href="20110418.ProcurementConsultation.FSFE.response.pdf"> Выступление
|
||||
ЕФСПО по вопросам закупок свободного программного обеспечения
|
||||
(2011-04-18)</a></strong><br/>
|
||||
На <a
|
||||
href="http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/publicprocurement/modernising_rules/consultations/index_en.htm">
|
||||
открытом семинаре</a> Еврокомиссии по «модернизации политики публичных
|
||||
закупок Евросоюза».</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><strong><a href="20100930-NetNeutrality.Consultation.pdf">
|
||||
Записка ЕФСПО о нейтральности сетей (2010-09-30)</a></strong><br/>
|
||||
На <a
|
||||
href="http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/policy/ecomm/library/public_consult//net_neutrality/index_en.htm">
|
||||
открытом семинаре</a> Еврокомиссии по «открытому Интернету и
|
||||
нейтральности сетей».</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><strong><a href="/freesoftware/standards/ps.html"> Анализ баланса:
|
||||
стандартизация и патенты</a></strong> (2008-12-02)<br />
|
||||
После семинара «<a
|
||||
href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/itemshortdetail.cfm?item_id=3371">IPR
|
||||
in ICT Standardisation</a>», который прошел две недели назад в Брюсселе,
|
||||
президент ЕФСПО <a href="/about/people/greve/">Георг Греве</a> проанализировал
|
||||
противоречия между патентами и стандартами. В документе описано, какое
|
||||
пагубное воздействие оказывают патенты на стандарты, дана оценка
|
||||
эффективности существующих решений этих проблем и будущие способы
|
||||
исправления ситуации.</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><strong><a href="/documents/eur5greve.en.html">Свободное программное
|
||||
обеспечение в Европе — европейские перспективы и деятельность
|
||||
ЕФСПО</a></strong> (2003-05-20)<br />
|
||||
В статье разъяснены крупномасштабные выгоды от использования свободных
|
||||
программ в различных областях жизни Европы в целом и отдельных стран
|
||||
в частности. <a
|
||||
href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/pdf/europe/spring2003/EU5%20Georg%20Gree%20ATL-replace.pdf">
|
||||
Опубликована</a> в обзоре <a
|
||||
href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/europe_intro.shtml"> Public
|
||||
Service Review — European Union</a> со вступительным словом Романо Проди
|
||||
(<a
|
||||
href="http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/spring2003/eu_spring2003_contents.asp">Весенний
|
||||
выпуск</a> 2003 года).</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><strong><a href="/activities/fp6/lafis.en.html">FP6 EOI:
|
||||
LAFIS — Работа над фундаментом информационного общества</a></strong>
|
||||
(2002-06-04)<br /></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><strong><a href="/activities/fp6/focal.en.html">FP6 EOI:
|
||||
FOCAL — Сосредоточение знаний для службы делу свободы</a></strong>
|
||||
(2002-06-04)<br /></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><strong><a
|
||||
href="/activities/fp6/recommendation.en.html">Рекомендации ЕФСПО
|
||||
и партнеров</a></strong> (2002-04-30)<br /> для <a
|
||||
href="/activities/fp6/fp6.en.html">Шестой структурной программы
|
||||
Еврокомиссии</a> </p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Local Variables: ***
|
||||
mode: xml ***
|
||||
End: ***
|
||||
-->
|
|
@ -1,482 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Ελευθερία να ανταγωνιζόμαστε:
|
||||
Διορθώνοντας τη διαδικασία προμηθειών λογισμικού</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="compare">
|
||||
|
||||
<h1>Ελευθερία να ανταγωνιζόμαστε:
|
||||
Διορθώνοντας τη διαδικασία προμηθειών λογισμικού</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Την Τρίτη 7 Δεκεμβρίου, δημοσιεύσαμε ένα
|
||||
<a href="/news/2010/news-20101207-01.html">δελτίο τύπου</a> για μια σύμβαση
|
||||
που ανατέθηκε από την Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή, με την οποία η Επιτροπή και άλλοι
|
||||
Ευρωπαϊκοί θεσμοί θα δαπανήσουν μέχρι και 189 εκατομμύρια Ευρώ σε ιδιοκτησιακό
|
||||
λογισμικό και σχετιζόμενες με αυτό υπηρεσίες. Έχουμε την άποψη ότι με την
|
||||
ανάθεση αυτής της σύμβασης, η Επιτροπή για μια ακόμη φορά απέτυχε να
|
||||
ανταποκριθεί στις δικές της κατευθυντήριες γραμμές και συστάσεις για τη
|
||||
χρήση Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού και Ανοικτών Προτύπων και έχασε την ευκαιρία
|
||||
να ανοίξει τη διαδικασία προμηθειών για το λογισμικό στον ανταγωνισμό
|
||||
από εταιρείες Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Η εν λόγω σύμβαση, που καλείται SACHA II, είναι ευθύνη της Γενικής
|
||||
Διεύθυνσης της Επιτροπής για την Πληροφορική (DIGIT για συντομία).
|
||||
Λίγες ημέρες μετά από τη δημοσίευση του δελτίου τύπου, λάβαμε απάντηση
|
||||
από τον κ. Francisco García Moran, τον επικεφαλής της DIGIT.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Θα θέλαμε να ευχαριστήσουμε τον κ. García Moran που ανταποκρίθηκε
|
||||
λεπτομερώς στις ανησυχίες. Ζήτησε να δημοσιεύσουμε την απάντησή του,
|
||||
το οποίο κάνουμε ευχαρίστως.
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy/eu/ECletter.20101210.en.pdf">Εδώ</a> είναι η επιστολή
|
||||
που λάβαμε.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Η απάντηση της Επιτροπής δεν κάνει τίποτα
|
||||
για να καθησυχάσει τις ανησυχίες μας</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Δυστυχώς, η απάντηση της Επιτροπής ούτε δείχνει ότι η στάση μας ήταν
|
||||
λάθος, ούτε μπορεί να κατευνάσει την κριτική μας. Για αυτό θα θέλαμε να
|
||||
επιστρέψουμε ορισμένες ερωτήσεις στον κ. García Moran. Εκτιμάμε την
|
||||
ευκαιρία που μας δίνεται να βρεθούμε σε μια λεπτομερή συζήτηση για τη
|
||||
στρατηγική της Επιτροπής για το λογισμικό και τις πρακτικές προμηθειών
|
||||
που ακολουθεί και προσδοκούμε έναν εποικοδομητικό διάλογο.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Σημειώνουμε ότι η απάντηση της DIGIT δεν απαντά στην κριτική μας για
|
||||
την αναντιστοιχία ανάμεσα στις κατευθύνσεις και τις συστάσεις της Επιτροπής
|
||||
(όπως αναερεται στο
|
||||
<a href="/news/2010/news-20101207-01.html">δελτίο τύπου</a>),
|
||||
και την μαζική προμήθεια αδειών χρήσης για ιδιοκτησιακό λογισμικό. </p>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Αυτή η κριτική ισχύει και για την πρόσφατη σύμβαση SACHA II, καθώς επίσης
|
||||
και για τη
|
||||
<a href="http://ted.europa.eu/udl?uri=TED:NOTICE:71324-2008:TEXT:EN:HTML&tabId=1">σύμβαση-πλαίσιο
|
||||
με την Fujitsu-Siemens</a> για την προμήθεια προϊόντων της Microsoft στις
|
||||
10 Ιανουαρίου 2008. </p>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Θα θέλαμε να δούμε την Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή να στηρίξει τη δημόσια ρητορική της
|
||||
σχετικά με το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό, τα Ανοιχτά Πρότυπα και τη διαλειτουργικότητα
|
||||
με δικές της ενέργειες. Αυτό θα απαιτούσε από την DIGIT να επανεξετάσει κάποιες
|
||||
πρακτικές προμηθειών έτσι ώστε να ανοίξει τη διαδικασία προμηθειών λογισμικού
|
||||
στον ανταγωνισμό. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear">
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 class="grid-40 left">
|
||||
Η επιστολή της Επιτροπής από τις 10 Δεκ 2010 </h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 class="grid-60 right">Τα σχόλια του FSFE</h3>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear">
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left">
|
||||
|
||||
(1) Το δελτίο τύπου δεν αναφέρει το γεγονός
|
||||
ότι η σύμβαση στην οποία αναφέρεστε είναι το αποτέλεσμα ανοικτού
|
||||
διαγωνισμού με βάση ως πρόκριμα την υψηλότερη σχέση ποιότητας προς
|
||||
τιμή. Αυτή είναι μια σημαντική παράλειψη σε ένα δελτίο τύπου το οποίο,
|
||||
από τη μία πλευρά, λέει ότι η Επιτροπή θα πρέπει να αποφύγει τη
|
||||
διακριτική μεταχείριση και να ανοίξει τις δημόσιες προμήθειες στον
|
||||
ανταγωνισμό, και από την άλλη κατηγορεί την Επιτροπή ότι δεν κάνει
|
||||
αρκετά για να διατηρήσει το κόστος χαμηλό και να δαπανήσει τα χρήματα
|
||||
των φορολογουμένων κατά τον καλύτερο δυνατό τρόπο.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right">
|
||||
Είναι φυσικό να υποθέσουμε ότι μια υπεύθυνη δημόσια διοικητική υπηρεσία
|
||||
όπως είναι η Επιτροπή δεν θα δαπανούσε τέτοια ποσά χωρίς ανοικτή διαδιακασία
|
||||
υποβολής προτάσεων. Δεν θεωρήσαμε απαραίτητο να επισημάνουμε το αυτονόητο.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right">
|
||||
Η κριτική μας απευθύνεται στον τρόπο με τον οποίο αυτή η διαδικασία
|
||||
υποβολής προτάσεων έχει σχεδιαστεί και στην απουσία συντονισμένης
|
||||
προσπάθειας για διεύρυνση της χρήσης Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού και Ανοικτών
|
||||
Προτύπων από την πλευρά της DIGIT.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear even">
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left even">
|
||||
(2) Η πρώτη πρόταση στο δελτίο τύπου σας ("77ze Commission will spend EUR 189
|
||||
million on proprietary software over the next six years'") είναι εντελώς
|
||||
παραπλανητική για τους ακόλουθους λόγους:
|
||||
<br /><br /><!--i know that's ugly but the only way to fix quickly i could find-->
|
||||
(a) Επιχορηγούμενο ποσό. Η πρόταση αφήνει να εννοηθεί ότι η Επιτροπή έχει
|
||||
χορηγήσει το συνολικό ποσό των 189 εκατομμυρίων ΕΥΡΩ για την ίδια,
|
||||
χωρίς να αναφέρει το γεγονός ότι η εν λόγω σύμβαση καλύπτει επίσης τις
|
||||
ανάγκες των άλλων 36 Θεσμικών Οργάνων, Οργανισμών και άλλων Υπηρεσιών
|
||||
της ΕΕ. Το ποσό της επιχορήγησης για τις ανάγκες της Επιτροπής ανέρχεται
|
||||
σε €67,4 εκατομμύρια (βλέπε VI.2 παράγραφο της προκήρυξης του διαγωνισμού).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right even">
|
||||
Αντιλαμβανόμαστε ότι οι θεσμοί στους οποίους το λογισμικό και οι υπηρεσίες
|
||||
θα παρέχονται, χρηματοδοτούνται από προϋπολογισμούς της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, και
|
||||
ότι θα αποκτήσουν το λογισμικό και τις υπηρεσίες, μέσω της σύμβασης SACHA II.
|
||||
Η σύμβαση υπεγράφη από την Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή, και τα χρήματα θα προέλθουν
|
||||
από πορτοφόλι των φορολογουμένων.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear">
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left">
|
||||
(b) Δέσμευση για δαπάνη. Η Επιτροπή δεν έχει δεσμευτεί να δαπανήσει
|
||||
το σύνολο του ποσού αυτού. Στην περίπτωση της σύμβασης-πλαισίου
|
||||
(ή «πλαισίου συμφωνίας») όπως αυτή, το ποσό που αναφέρεται στην
|
||||
προκήρυξη ανάθεσης αντιστοιχεί στο μέγιστο ανώτατο όριο προϋπολογισμού
|
||||
που μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί σε όλη τη διάρκεια της σύμβασης
|
||||
(συμπεριλαμβανομένων όλων των πιθανών ανανεώσεων). Για να αποφευχθούν
|
||||
νέες διοικητικές διαδικασίες, τέτοια δημοσιονομικά ανώτατα όρια περιέχουν
|
||||
διατάξεις για διάφορα απρόβλεπτα που μπορεί να προκύψουν κατά τη διάρκεια
|
||||
ή κατά τη λήξη της σύμβασης.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right">
|
||||
Ενώ αυτό είναι ένα ανώτατο όριο προϋπολογισμού, δεν είναι καθόλου
|
||||
ασυνήθιστο για τις δημόσιες διοικήσεις να φτάνουν σε τέτοια ανώτατα
|
||||
όρια στις δημόσιες συμβάσεις τους.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right">
|
||||
Προκειμένου να μην υπάρξει σύγχυση στο ενδιαφερόμενο κοινό, θα είναι
|
||||
σε θέση η DIGIT να παράσχει μια ένδειξη του ποσοστού της συνολικής
|
||||
τελικής τιμής που έχει δαπανηθεί σύμφωνα με την ισχύουσα σύμβαση της
|
||||
Επιτροπής με την Fujitsu (2008/S 53-071324) για την παροχή προϊόντων
|
||||
λογισμικού και αδειών χρήσης από τη Microsoft;</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear even">
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left even">
|
||||
(c) Διάρκεια. Η διάρκεια της εν λόγω σύμβασης για προμήθειες είναι δύο ετών,
|
||||
που μπορεί (αλλά δεν είναι απαραίτητο) να ανανεώνονται μέχρι δύο φορές για
|
||||
περίοδο ενός έτους η καθεμία. Η συνολική διάρκεια είναι συνεπώς τεσσάρων
|
||||
(όχι έξι) ετών. Τα δύο επιπλέον έτη καλύπτουν μόνο τη συντήρηση των αδειών
|
||||
χρήσης που ήδη αποκτήθηκανκεκτημένων αδειών.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right even">
|
||||
Επομένως, η συνολική διάρκεια της σύμβασης είναι έξι έτη, στη διάρκεια
|
||||
της οποίας μπορούν να δαπανηθούν 189 εκατ. ευρώ από τα δημόσια ταμεία.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right even">
|
||||
Πρόκειται η Επιτροπή να αλλάξει την προσέγγισή της στην προμήθεια λογισμικού
|
||||
μετά από την αρχική διετή περίοδο, έτσι ώστε οι Ευρωπαίκές ΜΜΕ Ελεύθερου
|
||||
Λογισμικού να διευκολυνθούν στην υποβολή προσφορών για συμβάσεις με τα
|
||||
Ευρωπαϊκά θεσμικά όργανα; Αν συμβαίνει κάτι τέτοιο, θα είμαστε πολύ ευτυχείς
|
||||
να έχουμε αποδειχθεί λάθος εδώ. Αν όχι, η κριτική μας παραμένει.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear">
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left">(d) Είδος καλυπτόμενου λογισμικού. Σε αντίθεση
|
||||
με τη δήλωσή σας, η εν λόγω σύμβαση δεν καλύπτει μόνο την απόκτηση
|
||||
ιδιοκτησιακού λογισμικού, αλλά και του λογισμικού ανοικτού κώδικα (ΛΑΚ)
|
||||
και συναφών με αυτό υπηρεσιών, όπως η υποστήριξη υψηλού επιπέδου σε
|
||||
προϊόντα ανοικτού κώδικα, για παράδειγμα από τις Red Hat, Atlassian,
|
||||
Balsamiq Studios, Adaptavist και άλλες.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right">
|
||||
Δεν έχουμε κάνει τέτοια δήλωση. Το δελτίο τύπου του FSFE ρητά αναφέρει
|
||||
ότι τα θεσμικά όργανα που καλύπτονται θα αποκτήσουν «μια ευρεία γκάμα
|
||||
κυρίως ιδιοκτησιακού λογισμικού».</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right">
|
||||
Επιπλέον, φαίνεται να υπάρχει κάποια σύγχυση από την πλευρά της DIGIT
|
||||
σχετικά με το τι ακριβώς είναι το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό. Τα περισσότερα
|
||||
από τα προϊόντα της Red Hat στην πραγματικότητα εκπληρώνουν τον
|
||||
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">ορισμό για το
|
||||
Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό</a>. Τα προϊόντα της Atlassian
|
||||
<a href="http://www.atlassian.com/about/licensing/license.jsp">διανέμονται
|
||||
με ιδιοκτησιακές άδειες χρήσης</a>, όπως και
|
||||
<a href="http://balsamiq.com/images/BalsamiqEula.pdf">εκείνα της Balsamiq</a>.
|
||||
Θα είναι τιμή για το FSFE να βοηθήσει την DIGIT στο κλείσιμο τυχόν κενών
|
||||
που ενδεχομένως υπάρχουν στην κατανόηση των αδειών χρήσης
|
||||
Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear even">
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left even">(3) Υποστηρίζετε ότι η Επιτροπή θα έπρεπε
|
||||
να καταλήξει σε μια στρατηγική για να επωφεληθεί από το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό.
|
||||
Δράττομαι της ευκαιρίας να σας ενημερώσω ότι η Επιτροπή έχει όντως στρατηγική
|
||||
ΛΑΚ από το 2001. Μια περίληψη της τελευταίας έκδοσης της στρατηγικής αυτής
|
||||
είναι διαθέσιμη στον ιστότοπο της DIGIT για την EUROPA portal1. Μια νέα έκδοση
|
||||
βρίσκεται στο τελικό προσχέδιο και θα δημοσιευθεί πολύ σύντομα. Ως αποτέλεσμα
|
||||
της στρατηγικής αυτής, περισσότερα από 250 προϊόντα ΛΑΚ που αφορούν σε όλες
|
||||
τις κατηγορίες που διαχειρίζεται η DIGIT είναι ήδη σε χρήση από την Επιτροπή.
|
||||
Για λόγους πληρότητας, ίσως αξίζει να αναφέρουμε μερικά επιπλέον παραδείγματα
|
||||
των επιτευγμάτων στον τομέα αυτό, στο ύψος των οποίων πολύ λίγες (αν υπάρχουν)
|
||||
δημόσιες διοικήσεις στον κόσμο μπορούν να φτάσουν:</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right even">
|
||||
Για το γεγονός ότι η Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή χρησιμοποιεί Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό
|
||||
δεν χωράει καμία αμφιβολία. Ούτε πρόκειται για κάποια ξεχωριστή επιτυχία.
|
||||
Στο τέλος του 2008, η εταιρεία συμβούλων
|
||||
<a href="http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=801412">Gartner προσδοκούσε
|
||||
το 100% των επιχειρήσεων να χρησιμοποιούν τουλάχιστον κάποιο Ελεύθερο
|
||||
Λογισμικό ως το τέλος του 2009</a>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right even">
|
||||
Η υποστηριζόμενη από την Επιτροπή
|
||||
<a href="http://www.flosspols.org/deliverables/D03HTML/FLOSSPOLS-D03%20local%20governments%20survey%20reportFINAL.html">μελέτη
|
||||
FLOSSPOLS βρήκε ότι 78% των δημόσιων διοικήσεων χρησιμοποιούσαν
|
||||
τουλάχιστον κάποιο Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό</a> ήδη από το 2004/5.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right even">
|
||||
Ταυτόχρονα, η Επιτροπή και τα άλλα θεσμικά όργανα που περιλαμβάνονται σε
|
||||
αυτήν τη σύμβαση, εξακολουθούν να δαπανούν σημαντικά χρηματικά ποσά σε
|
||||
ιδιοκτησιακό λογισμικό, όπως επιβεβαιώνεται τόσο από την SACHA ΙΙ όσο και
|
||||
από τη χωριστή σύμβαση-πλαίσιο της 10ης Ιανουαρίου του 2008 για την παροχή
|
||||
προϊόντων και αδειών χρήσης της Microsoft. Το γεγονός αυτό αφήνει κάποιες
|
||||
αμφιβολίες για την αποτελεσματικότητα της στρατηγικής της Επιτροπής.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear">
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left">
|
||||
(a)Η Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή τρέχει λύσεις πληροφορικής σε περισσότερους
|
||||
από 350 εξυπηρετητές Linux.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right">
|
||||
Θα θέλαμε να ρωτήσουμε την Επιτροπή σχετικά με τον συνολικό αριθμό των
|
||||
εξυπηρετητών που έχει σε λειτουργία η Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή και τα άλλα
|
||||
θεσμικά όργανα που καλύπτονται από τη σύμβαση SACHA ΙΙ, καθώς και σχετικά
|
||||
με το ποσοστό αυτών των εξυπηρετητών που χρησιμοποιούν λειτουργικά συστήματα
|
||||
Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού όπως το GNU/Linux ή BSD συστήματα.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left">
|
||||
(b) Το Κέντρο Δεδομένων της DIGIT διαχειρίζεται περισσότερους από 800
|
||||
εξυπηρετητές ιστού ανοικτου κώδικα.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right">
|
||||
Θα ήταν ενδιαφέρον να γνωρίζουμε πόσους εξυπηρετητές ιστού η Ευρωπαϊκή
|
||||
Επιτροπή και τα άλλα θεσμικά όργανα που καλύπτει η σύμβαση SACHA II,
|
||||
έχουν θέσει σε λειτουργία· τι λογισμικό χρησιμοποιούν· και τι ποσοστό
|
||||
αυτών των εξυπηρετητών ιστού είναι στ' αλήθεια Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left">
|
||||
[...]</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear even">
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left even">(h) Η Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή διαχειρίζεται επίσης
|
||||
τρεις σημαντικούς δημόσιους ιστοτόπους, οι οποίοι επίσης εξ ολοκλήρου
|
||||
χρησιμοποιούν ΛΑΚ: τον www.osor.eu (παρατηρητήριο και αποθετήριο ανοικτού
|
||||
κώδικα για την ηλεκτρονική διακυβέρνηση), www.semic.eu (κέντρο ανταλλαγής
|
||||
σημασιολογικών στοιχείων) και τον www.epractice.eu (κοινότητα για την
|
||||
ηλεκτρονική διακυβέρνηση, ένταξη και υγεία)
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="grid-60 right even">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Έχουμε πλήρη επίγνωση αυτών των ιστοτόπων, και εκτιμάμε τη χρησιμότητά τους
|
||||
για πολλές ευρωπαϊκές δημόσιες υπηρεσίες. Ωστόσο, μας λυπεί το γεγονός ότι
|
||||
η Επιτροπή δεν καταβάλλει μεγαλύτερες προσπάθειες προς την κατεύθυνση της
|
||||
χρήσης των πλεονεκτημάτων του Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού και των Ανοικτών Προτύπων
|
||||
όταν πρόκειται για την εσωτερική της υποδομή της Πληροφορικής. Τέτοιες
|
||||
προσπάθειες θα συνέβαλαν κατά πολύ στην αύξηση της διαλειτουργικότητας,
|
||||
της διαφάνειας και του ανταγωνισμού· Θα έκαναν δυνατή για μεγαλύτερο αριθμό
|
||||
Ευρωπαϊκών ΜΜΕ την παροχή υπηρεσιών προς την Επιτροπή· και θα μπορούσαν να
|
||||
μειώσουν τις δαπάνες της Επιτροπής για την Πληροφορική. Χωρίς αποφασιστικά
|
||||
βήματα προς την κατεύθυνση αυτή, οι κατευθυντήριες γραμμές και συστάσεις της
|
||||
Επιτροπής θα είναι τελικά μάταιες.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Η πρόσκληση υποβολής προσφορών SACHA II σχεδιάστηκε με τρόπο ώστε να γίνεται
|
||||
πολύ δύσκολο, αν όχι αδύνατο, για τις εταιρίες Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού να
|
||||
προσφέρουν τα προϊόντα και τις υπηρεσίες τους:</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Η πρόσκληση για την υποβολή προσφορών περιλαμβάνει έναν μακρύ κατάλογο
|
||||
συγκεκριμένων προϊόντων, αντί για ένα σύνολο λειτουργικών προδιαγραφών.
|
||||
Ενώ διατυπώσεις όπως</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p>Ονομασίες προϊόντων και εμπορικά σήματα: Κάθε φορά που οι
|
||||
προδιαγραφές αναφέρουν κάποιο συγκεκριμένο όνομα προϊόντος ή
|
||||
εμπορικό σήμα και η αρκούντως ακριβής και πλήρως κατανοητή περιγραφή
|
||||
δεν είναι δυνατή, τέτοια αναφορά θα πρέπει να θεωρηθεί ως αναφορά
|
||||
στο εν λόγω προϊόν ή το ισοδύναμό της. (SACHA II
|
||||
<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/informatics/procurement/calls_docs/2009029/2009029_annex6.pdf]">Annex 6</a> : 5.1.4.)</p>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
ίσως να ικανοποιούν ίσως όχι το γράμμα του νόμου, είναι βέβαιο ότι
|
||||
δεν οδηγούν σε ανταγωνιστικές προσφορές από έναν μεγάλο αριθμό
|
||||
προμηθευτών διαφορετικών προγραμμάτων. Αυτό το θέμα ήταν στο
|
||||
επίκεντρο των διαδικασιών της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής για καταπάτηση
|
||||
εναντίον ορισμένων κρατών μελών όσον αφορά τις μεροληπτικές προδιαγραφές
|
||||
στους διαγωνισμούς υποβολής προτάσεων με την ένδειξη "Intel ή ισοδύναμοι"
|
||||
επεξεργαστές (βλέπε <a href="http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/04/1210&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en">Δελτίο τύπου
|
||||
IP/04/1210</a>, 13 Οκτ 2004)</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Το Παράρτημα 4 (<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/informatics/procurement/calls_docs/2009029/2009029_annex4.pdf">Annex 4</a>) των προδιαγραφών του διαγωνισμού
|
||||
περιέχει 251 κατονομαζόμενα προίόντα λογισμικού (χωρίς να υπολογίζονται
|
||||
διαφορετικές ποικιλίες αυτών των προϊόντων). Μας εκπλήσσει το γεγονός ότι
|
||||
η DIGIT δεν κατάφερε να παράσχει μια «επαρκώς συγκεκριμένη και πλήρως
|
||||
κατανοητή περιγραφή» για οποιοδήποτε από τα προϊόντα αυτά χωρίς να
|
||||
καταφεύγει σε ονόματα προϊόντων και εμπορικών σημάτων.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Η DIGIT δημοσίευσε μια συνολική πρόσκληση για υποβολή προσφορών για ένα
|
||||
πολύ μεγάλο και διαφορετικό σύνολο προγραμμάτων. Αν η Επιτροπή ήθελε
|
||||
πραγματικά να αποκτήσει Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό και συναφείς υπηρεσίες, μια
|
||||
ορθή προσέγγιση θα ήταν να ανακοινώσει διαγωνισμό προτάσεων για έναν
|
||||
αριθμό μικρότερων, πιο συγκεκριμένων συμβάσεων. Οι Ευρωπαϊκές ΜΜΕ θα
|
||||
είχαν διευκολυνθεί στη συμμετοχή τους σε τέτοιους διαγωνισμούς.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Θα εκτιμούσαμε αν η Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή θα μπορούσε να μας ενημερώσει
|
||||
για το πως οι δαπάνες στο πλαίσιο της σύμβασης SACHA II θα κατανεμηθούν
|
||||
μεταξύ των διαφόρων προϊόντων και υπηρεσιών λογισμικού που απαριθμούνται
|
||||
στην πρόσκληση για προσφορές. Τι ποσοστό των δαπανών στο πλαίσιο της
|
||||
παρούσας σύμβασης θα διατεθεί για την αγορά Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού και
|
||||
συναφών υπηρεσιών;</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Θα μπορούσε επίσης η Επιτροπή να μας ενημερώσει πόσες προσφορές
|
||||
υποβλήθηκαν συνολικά; Αυτή θα ήταν μια ενδιαφέρουσα ένδειξη του
|
||||
αριθμού των εταιρειών που θεώρησαν ότι ήταν σε θέση επιτυχώς να
|
||||
υποβάλουν πρόταση.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear">
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left">(4) Το δελτίο τύπου σας υποθέτει ότι το
|
||||
ιδιοκτησιακό λογισμικό είναι, εξ ορισμού, ανίκανο να είναι διαλειτουργικό
|
||||
ή να υλοποιήσει πρότυπα. Αυτό απλά δεν είναι αλήθεια. Το ιδιοκτησιακό
|
||||
λογισμικό μπορεί να εφαρμόσει τα πρότυπα όπως και το ΛΑΚ. Εξ όσων γνωρίζω,
|
||||
η εταιρική υποδομή Πληροφορικής της Επιτροπής υποστηρίζει ήδη όλα τα
|
||||
σημαντικά πρότυπα Πληροφορικής, είτε με ιδιοκτησιακό λογισμικό ή/και με ΛΑΚ.
|
||||
Εάν γνωρίζετε κάποιο μεγάλο πρότυπο Πληροφορικής που δεν υποστηρίζεται από
|
||||
την υποδομή της Επιτροπής, θα ήμουν ευγνώμων αν με ενημερώνατε γι' αυτό,
|
||||
ώστε να λάβω τα κατάλληλα μέτρα.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="grid-60 right">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Το δελτίο τύπου μας δεν κάνει καμία τέτοια υπόθεση. Το FSFE υποστηρίζει ότι
|
||||
τα <a href="/freesoftware/standards/def.html">Ανοιχτά Πρότυπα</a> μπορούν να εφαρμοστούν
|
||||
και στο Ελεύθερο και στο ιδιοκτησιακό λογισμικό. Τα Ανοιχτά Πρότυπα, τα οποία
|
||||
δεν εξαρτώνται από κανέναν συγκεκριμένο προμηθευτή, και τα οποία μπορούν να
|
||||
εφαρμοστούν σε οποιοδήποτε μοντέλο λογισμικού, προσφέρουν ελευθερία από το
|
||||
κλείδωμα σε προμηθευτές και ανοίγουν την αγορά λογισμικού στην καινοτομία
|
||||
και τον ανταγωνισμό. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Εκτιμούμε ιδιαίτερα το αίτημά σας για παροχή δεδομένων, και θα κάνουμε
|
||||
χρήση αυτής της ευκαιρίας, όποτε κριθεί απαραίτητο.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Το σημαντικό ερώτημα είναι αν τα Ευρωπαϊκά θεσμικά όργανα είναι προσιτά
|
||||
στους πολίτες, ανεξάρτητα από το είδος του λογισμικού που επιλέγουν να
|
||||
χρησιμοποιούν. Ένα ξεχωριστό παράδειγμα αποτυχημένης εφαρμογής είναι το
|
||||
γεγονός ότι οι ιστομεταδόσεις από το Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο δεν είναι ορατές
|
||||
από όσο γνωρίζουμε με τη χρήση ενός λειτουργικού συστήματος GNU/Linux.
|
||||
Αυτό είναι ένα σημαντικό εμπόδιο για τη συμμετοχή και εμπλοκή των πολιτών
|
||||
στη διαδικασία λήψης αποφάσεων της ΕΕ. Θα καλωσορίζαμε τη βοήθεια του DIGIT
|
||||
στην άρση αυτού του εμποδίου για δημοκρατική συμμετοχή.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Θα θέλαμε επίσης να σημειωθεί ότι η Επιτροπή διατηρεί την προτίμησή της
|
||||
για ιδιοκτησιακούς τύπους αρχειοθέτησης εγγράφων, και το προσωπικό ακόμη
|
||||
δεν είναι σε θέση να λαμβάνει έγγραφα σε τύπους .odf χωρίς να περάσει από
|
||||
κεντρική μετάφραση, παρά το γεγονός ότι αυτό έχει καθιερωθεί ως ένα επίσημο
|
||||
πρότυπο ISO.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear even">
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left even">(5) Αυτή η διαδικασία σύναψης συμβάσεων
|
||||
είναι εντελώς άσχετη με την εν εξελίξει αναθεώρηση του Ευρωπαϊκού Πλαισίου
|
||||
Διαλειτουργικότητας. Σχετικά με αυτό το σημείο, θα ήθελα απλώς να υπενθυμίσω
|
||||
ότι η Επιτροπή έχει δεσμευτεί να υιοθετήσει την Communication on
|
||||
Interoperability (η οποία θα περιλαμβάνει και το Ευρωπαϊκό Πλαίσιο
|
||||
Διαλειτουργικότητας και την Ευρωπαϊκής Στρατηγική για τη Διαλειτουργικότητα)
|
||||
πριν από το τέλος του 2010, όπως αναφέρεται στο σημείο 2.2.3 της Ψηφιακής
|
||||
Ατζέντας. Δεδομένου ότι αυτό το αρχείο οδεύει προς την οριστική έγκρισή του,
|
||||
θα ήταν άτοπο για μένα να προβώ σε περαιτέρω σχόλια σχετικά με τη διαδικασία.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="grid-60 right even">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Το δελτίο τύπου μας αναφέρει απλώς ότι τόσο η παρούσα σύμβαση όσο και
|
||||
η αναθεώρηση του Ευρωπαϊκού Πλαισίου Διαλειτουργικότητας συντονίζονται
|
||||
από την DIGIT. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Ανυπομονούμε για την επικείμενη δημοσίευση του Ευρωπαϊκού Πλαισίου
|
||||
Διαλειτουργικότητας, και
|
||||
<a href="/freesoftware/standards/eifv2.html">παρά τις ενδείξεις
|
||||
για το αντίθετο</a> εξακολουθούμε να ελπίζουμε ότι θα προσφέρει τουλάχιστον
|
||||
το ίδιο επίπεδο κατευθύνσεων για τον ευρωπαϊκό δημόσιο τομέα σχετικά με τα
|
||||
Ανοιχτά Πρότυπα, όπως και η αρχική έκδοση.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear">
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left even">Μπορώ μόνο να πω ότι λυπάμαι που δεν διασταυρώσατε
|
||||
τις πηγές σας, πριν δημοσιεύσετε το δελτίο τύπου. Αυτό φαίνεται να βασίζεται
|
||||
αποκλειστικά σε ένα άρθρο το οποίο περιέχει πλήθος παραπλανητικών στοιχείων.
|
||||
Αν είχατε έρθει σε επαφή μαζί μας, θα ήταν ευχαρίστηση για το τμήμα μου να
|
||||
σας δώσει ακριβή πραγματικά στοιχεία, και είμαι βέβαιος ότι το αποτέλεσμα
|
||||
θα ήταν πιο ισορροπημένο.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="grid-60 right even">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Είμαι στην ευχάριστη θέση να σας πληροφορήσω ότι, αντί να στηρίζουμε
|
||||
τη δημόσια παρέμβασή μας μόνο στα άρθρα του Τύπου, ακολουθήσαμε τις
|
||||
συνήθεις βέλτιστες πρακτικές του FSFE να απευθυνθούμε στην πηγή και,
|
||||
στην περίπτωση αυτή, επενδύσαμε σημαντικό χρόνο στη μελέτη των δημόσια
|
||||
διαθέσιμων εγγράφων που σχετίζονται με την παρούσα σύμβαση προμήθειας. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Λυπούμαστε που η ίδια η σύμβαση SACHA ΙΙ δεν έχει δημοσιευθεί.
|
||||
Εάν η σύμβαση επρόκειτο να γίνει δημόσια διαθέσιμη, το FSFE και
|
||||
άλλοι Ευρωπαίοι πολίτες που νοιάζονται για το τρόπο με τον οποίο
|
||||
οι φόροι τους επενδύονται και οι θεσμοί τους ασκούν τις δραστηριότητές
|
||||
τους, θα ήταν σε θέση να επαληθεύσουν αν η συμφωνία αυτή είναι
|
||||
πραγματικά προς το συμφέρον τους.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Το ίδιο ισχύει και για άλλες συμβάσεις που συνήψε η Επιτροπή σχετικά με
|
||||
την προμήθεια λογισμικού, όπως η
|
||||
<a href="http://ted.europa.eu/udl?uri=TED:NOTICE:71324-2008:TEXT:EN:HTML&tabId=1">49 εκατ. ευρώ
|
||||
σύμβαση-πλαίσιο για λογισμικό και υπηρεσίες της Microsoft</a> που κατακυρώθηκε
|
||||
στην Fujitsu Siemens στις 10 Ιανουαρίου 2008.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Στόχος μας είναι η αύξηση της χρήσης Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού και
|
||||
Ανοικτών Προτύπων σε όλα τα τμήματα του Ευρωπαϊκού δημόσιου τομέα.
|
||||
Αυτό περιλαμβάνει το άνοιγμα των δημόσιων προμηθειών στη συμμετοχή
|
||||
εταιρειών Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού. Το FSFE θα χαρεί να συνεργαστεί με
|
||||
την DIGIT και άλλα μέρη της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής, προκειμένου να
|
||||
υποστηρίξει τον ανταγωνισμό, την επιλογή και την ελευθερία στην
|
||||
Ευρωπαϊκή αγορά λογισμικού.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
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||||
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|
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|
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<html>
|
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<version>1</version>
|
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|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Freedom to compete: Fixing software procurement</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="compare">
|
||||
|
||||
<h1>Freedom to compete: Fixing software procurement</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>On Tuesday December 7, we issued a <a href="/news/2010/news-20101207-01.en.html">press release</a> about a contract
|
||||
awarded by the European Commission, under which the EC and other
|
||||
European institutions will spend up to 189 million Euro on proprietary
|
||||
software and related services. We are of the view that in issuing this
|
||||
contract, the EC has once more failed to live up to its own guidelines
|
||||
and recommendations about the use of Free Software and Open Standards,
|
||||
and has missed an opportunity to open up software procurement to
|
||||
competition from Free Software companies.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The contract in question, called SACHA II, is the responsibility of
|
||||
the EC's Directorate-General for Informatics (DIGIT for short). A few
|
||||
days after our press release, we received a written reply from Mr
|
||||
Francisco García Moran, the head of DIGIT.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>We would like to thank Mr García Moran for replying to our concerns in
|
||||
detail. He requested that we publish his reply, which we are glad to
|
||||
do. <a href="/activities/policy/eu/ECletter.20101210.en.pdf">Here</a> is the original letter we received.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>The EC's reply does nothing to allay our concerns</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Unfortunately, the EC's reply neither shows our stance to be
|
||||
wrong, nor does it allay our criticism. This is why we would like to
|
||||
return some questions to Mr García Moran. We appreciate the
|
||||
opportunity to enter into a detailed discussion of the EC's software
|
||||
strategy and its software procurement practices, and hope for a
|
||||
constructive dialogue.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
We note that DIGIT's reply does not answer our criticism regarding
|
||||
the mismatch between the Commission's own guidelines and
|
||||
recommendations (as referred to in the <a href="/news/2010/news-20101207-01.en.html">press release</a>), and the
|
||||
massive acquisition of licenses for proprietary software.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
This criticism applies to both the recent SACHA II contract, as
|
||||
well as the <a href="http://ted.europa.eu/udl?uri=TED:NOTICE:71324-2008:TEXT:EN:HTML&tabId=1">framework contract with Fujitsu-Siemens</a> for the
|
||||
provision of Microsoft products concluded on January 10, 2008.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
We would like to see the European Commission back up its public
|
||||
rhetoric regarding Free Software, Open Standards and interoperability
|
||||
with its own actions. This would require DIGIT to rethink some
|
||||
procurement practices in order to open up public software procurement
|
||||
to competition.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear">
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 class="grid-40 left">
|
||||
EC letter from Dec 10th, 2010 </h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 class="grid-60 right">FSFE's comments
|
||||
</h3>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear">
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left">
|
||||
|
||||
(1) The press release does not mention the fact that the contract you refer to is the
|
||||
result of an open call for tenders awarded on the basis of the highest quality/price
|
||||
ratio. This is a major omission in a press release which, on the one hand, says that
|
||||
the Commission should avoid discrimination and open up public procurement to
|
||||
competition, and, on the other, accuses the Commission of not doing enough to
|
||||
keep its costs low and to spend the taxpayers' money in the best possible way.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right">
|
||||
|
||||
It is only natural to assume that a responsible public administration
|
||||
such as the EC would not spend such sums without an open call for
|
||||
tender. We did not consider it necessary to highlight something that
|
||||
should be self-evident.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right">
|
||||
Our criticism is directed at the way in which this call for tender
|
||||
was designed, and at the underlying lack of a coordinated effort
|
||||
to make greater use of Free Software and Open Standards on the
|
||||
part of DIGIT.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear even">
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left even">
|
||||
(2) The first sentence of your press release ("77ze Commission will spend EUR 189
|
||||
million on proprietary software over the next six years'") is totally misleading for
|
||||
the following reasons:
|
||||
<br /><br /><!--i know that's ugly but the only way to fix quickly i could find-->
|
||||
(a) Awarded amount. The sentence implies that the Commission has awarded
|
||||
the total amount of EUR 189 million for itself, without mentioning the fact
|
||||
that the contract in question also covers the needs of 36 other EU
|
||||
Institutions, Agencies and other Bodies. The amount awarded for the
|
||||
Commission's own needs is EUR 67.4 million (see paragraph VI.2 of the
|
||||
contract notice).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right even">
|
||||
We understand that the institutions for which software and services
|
||||
will be provided are funded by European Union budgets, and that they
|
||||
will obtain software and services through the SACHA II contract. The
|
||||
contract is signed by the European Commission, and the money will come
|
||||
out of the taxpayers' purse.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear">
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left">
|
||||
(b) Commitment to spend. The Commission has not committed itself to spend
|
||||
the whole of this amount. In the case of a framework contract (or
|
||||
"framework agreement") such as this one, the amount mentioned in the
|
||||
award notice corresponds to the maximum budgetary ceiling which can be
|
||||
used over the entire duration of the contract (including all possible
|
||||
renewals). In order to avoid new administrative procedures, such
|
||||
maximum budgetary ceilings contain provisions for various contingencies
|
||||
which could arise during or at the end of the contract.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right">
|
||||
While this is a maximum budget, it is not at all uncommon for public
|
||||
administrations to reach such ceilings in their procurement contracts.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right">
|
||||
In order to provide orientation to the concerned public, would DIGIT
|
||||
be able to provide an indication of the percentage of the total final
|
||||
value which has been spent under the Commission's current contract
|
||||
with Fujitsu (2008/S 53-071324) to provide Microsoft software products
|
||||
and licenses?</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear even">
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left even">
|
||||
(c) Duration. The duration of the contract in question for acquisitions is two
|
||||
years, which may (but do not have to) be renewed up to two times for a
|
||||
period of one year each. The total duration is therefore four (not six) years.
|
||||
The two additional years only cover maintenance of already acquired
|
||||
licences.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right even">
|
||||
It follows that the total duration of the contract is six years,
|
||||
during which EUR 189 million in public funds may be spent.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right even">
|
||||
Is the EC going to change its approach to software procurement after
|
||||
the initial two years, so that European Free Software SMEs will have
|
||||
an easier time bidding for contracts with the European institutions?
|
||||
If that is the case, we will be very glad to have been proved wrong
|
||||
here. If not, our criticism stands.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear">
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left">(d) Type of software covered. Contrary to your statement, the contract in
|
||||
question does not only cover the acquisition of proprietary software, but
|
||||
also of open source software (OSS) and of OSS-related services, such as
|
||||
high-level support of OSS products, for example from Red Hat, Atlassian,
|
||||
Balsamiq Studios, Adaptavist and others.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right">
|
||||
We have made no such statement. FSFE's press release explicitly
|
||||
states that the institutions covered will "acquire a wide range of
|
||||
mostly proprietary software".</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right">
|
||||
Furthermore there seems to be some confusion on DIGIT's part regarding
|
||||
what, exactly, is Free Software. Most of Red Hat's products indeed
|
||||
fulfil the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">Free Software definition</a>. Atlassian's products are
|
||||
<a href="http://www.atlassian.com/about/licensing/license.jsp">distributed under proprietary licenses</a>, as are <a href="http://balsamiq.com/images/BalsamiqEula.pdf">those
|
||||
by Balsamiq</a>. FSFE will
|
||||
be honoured to assist DIGIT in closing any possible gaps that may
|
||||
exist in the understanding of Free Software licenses.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear even">
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left even">(3) You argue that the Commission should have come up with a strategy to take
|
||||
advantage of Free Software. I take this opportunity to inform you that the
|
||||
Commission has actually had an OSS strategy since 2001. A summary of the last
|
||||
version of this strategy is available at DIGIT'S website on the EUROPA portal1. A
|
||||
new version is in its final draft phase and will be published very soon. As a result
|
||||
of this strategy, more than 250 OSS products pertaining to all the categories
|
||||
managed by DIGIT are already in use at the Commission. For the sake of
|
||||
completeness, it may be worth mentioning some additional examples of
|
||||
achievements in this area, which very few (if any) public administrations in the
|
||||
world can match:</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right even">
|
||||
The fact that the European Commission uses Free Software is not in
|
||||
doubt. Nor is it a special achievement. At the end of 2008, the
|
||||
consultancy <a href="http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=801412">Gartner expected 100% of businesses to use at least some
|
||||
Free Software by the end of 2009</a>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right even">
|
||||
The EC-backed <a href="http://www.flosspols.org/deliverables/D03HTML/FLOSSPOLS-D03%20local%20governments%20survey%20reportFINAL.html">FLOSSPOLS study found that 78% of public administrations
|
||||
were using at least some Free Software</a> already in 2004/5.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right even">
|
||||
At the same time, the EC and the other institutions included in this
|
||||
contract continue to spend substantial amounts of money on proprietary
|
||||
software, as exemplified both by SACHA II and the separate framework
|
||||
contract for the provision of Microsoft products and licenses,
|
||||
concluded January 10, 2008. This casts some doubt on the effectiveness
|
||||
of the EC's strategy.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear">
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left">
|
||||
(a)The European Commission runs IT solutions on more than 350 Linux
|
||||
servers.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right">
|
||||
We would like to ask the Commission about the total number of
|
||||
servers run by the European Commission and the other institutions
|
||||
covered by the SACHA II contract, and about the percentage of
|
||||
these servers that use Free Software operating systems such as
|
||||
GNU/Linux or BSD systems.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear">
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left">
|
||||
(b) DIGIT'S Data Centre manages more than 800 OSS web servers.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-60 right">
|
||||
We would be interested to know how many web servers the European
|
||||
Commission and the other institutions covered by the SACHA II contract
|
||||
are operating; which software they use; and what percentage of these
|
||||
web servers actually are Free Software.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left">
|
||||
[...]</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear even">
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left even">(h) The European Commission also manages three important public websites,
|
||||
also entirely powered by OSS software: www.osor.eu (e-govemment
|
||||
related open source observatory and repository), www.semic.eu (semantic
|
||||
assets exchange centre) and www.epractice.eu (community of e-
|
||||
Govemment, e-Inclusion and e-Health)
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="grid-60 right even">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
We are fully aware of these websites, and appreciate their
|
||||
usefulness to many European public bodies. However, we regret that
|
||||
the Commission is not making greater efforts towards availing
|
||||
itself of the advantages of Free Software and Open Standards when
|
||||
it comes to its internal IT infrastructure. Such efforts would
|
||||
greatly help to increase interoperability, transparency and
|
||||
competition; they would enable a greater number of European SMEs
|
||||
to provide services to the Commission; and they would be likely to
|
||||
reduce the Commission's IT costs. Without decisive steps in this
|
||||
direction, the Commission's own guidelines and recommendations would
|
||||
ultimately be futile.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The SACHA II call for tender was designed in a way that made it
|
||||
very hard, if not impossible, for Free Software companies
|
||||
to offer their products and services:</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The call for tender includes a long list of specific products, rather
|
||||
than a set of functional specifications. While formulations such as</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p>Product names and trademarks: Whenever the tendering
|
||||
specifications mention a specific product name or trademark
|
||||
and a sufficiently precise and fully intelligible description
|
||||
is not possible, such mention should be understood as
|
||||
referring to that product or its equivalent. (SACHA II <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/informatics/procurement/calls_docs/2009029/2009029_annex6.pdf]">Annex
|
||||
6</a> : 5.1.4.)</p>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
may or may not satisfy the letter of the law, they are certainly not
|
||||
conducive to competitive bidding by a large number of providers of
|
||||
different programs. This issue was at the heart of the European
|
||||
Commission's infringement proceedings against a number of Member
|
||||
States regarding discriminatory specifications in calls for tender
|
||||
specifying "Intel or equivalent" processors (see <a href="http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/04/1210&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en">Press release
|
||||
IP/04/1210</a>, October 13, 2004)</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/informatics/procurement/calls_docs/2009029/2009029_annex4.pdf">Annex 4</a> of the tendering specifications
|
||||
lists 251 named software products (not counting different varieties of
|
||||
those products). We are surprised that DIGIT found itself unable to
|
||||
provide a "sufficiently precise and fully intelligible description"
|
||||
for any of these products without resorting to product names and
|
||||
trademarks.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
DIGIT issued a comprehensive call for tender for a very large and
|
||||
diverse set of programs. If the Commission had truly wanted to acquire
|
||||
Free Software and related services, an appropriate approach would have
|
||||
been to tender a number of smaller, more specific contracts. European
|
||||
SMEs would have found it much easier to bid for such contracts.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
We would appreciate if the European Commission could inform us
|
||||
how spending under the SACHA II contract will be allotted among the
|
||||
different software products and services listed in the the call for
|
||||
tender. Which percentage of spending under this contract will go
|
||||
towards the purchase of Free Software and related services?</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Would the Commission also be able to inform us how many bids were
|
||||
received in total? This would be an interesting indication of the
|
||||
number of companies who felt that they were in a position to
|
||||
successfully bid for this contract.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear">
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left">(4) Your press release assumes that proprietary software is, by definition, unable to be
|
||||
interoperable or to implement standards. This is simply not true. Proprietary
|
||||
software can implement standards as much as OSS. To the best of my knowledge,
|
||||
the Commission's corporate IT infrastructure already supports all major IT
|
||||
standards, be it with proprietary software and/or OSS. Should you be aware of any
|
||||
major IT standard not currently supported by the Commission's infrastructure, I
|
||||
would be obliged if you could let me know about it, so that I can take appropriate
|
||||
measures.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="grid-60 right">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Our press release assumes no such thing. FSFE maintains that <a href="/freesoftware/standards/def.en.html">Open
|
||||
Standards</a> can be implemented
|
||||
in both Free and proprietary software. Open Standards, which do not
|
||||
depend on any particular vendor, and which can be implemented in any
|
||||
software model, offer freedom from vendor lock-in and open up the
|
||||
software market to innovation and competition.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
We very much appreciate your request for input, and will avail
|
||||
ourselves of this opportunity whenever necessary.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The important question is rather whether European institutions are
|
||||
accessible to citizens regardless of the type of software they
|
||||
choose to use. A notable failing, for example, is the fact that
|
||||
webcasts from the European Parliament cannot to our knowledge
|
||||
currently be viewed using a GNU/Linux operating system. This is a
|
||||
major impediment to the participation and involvement of citizens
|
||||
in the EU's decision making process. We would welcome DIGIT's help
|
||||
in removing this obstacle to democratic participation.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
We would also note that the Commission maintains a preference for
|
||||
proprietary document formats, and staff are still unable to receive
|
||||
documents in .odf formats without going through central translation,
|
||||
despite this having been established as a formal ISO standard.
|
||||
</p></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear even">
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left even">(5) This procurement procedure is totally unrelated to the ongoing revision of the
|
||||
European Interoperability Framework. Concerning this point, I should simply like
|
||||
to remind that the Commission has committed itself to adopting its
|
||||
Communication on Interoperability (which will include both the European
|
||||
Interoperability Framework and the European Interoperability Strategy) before the
|
||||
end of 2010, as stated in point 2.2.3 of the Digital Agenda. Since this file is
|
||||
heading towards its final adoption, it is inappropriate for me to make any further
|
||||
comments about the process.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="grid-60 right even">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Our press release merely states that both this procurement and the
|
||||
revision of the European Interoperability Framework are
|
||||
coordinated by DIGIT.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
We are looking forward to the impending publication of the European
|
||||
Interoperability Framework, and, <a href="/freesoftware/standards/eifv2.en.html">despite indications to the contrary</a>
|
||||
, remain hopeful that it
|
||||
will provide at least the same level of leadership for the European
|
||||
public sector as the original version where Open Standards are
|
||||
concerned.
|
||||
</p></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="clear">
|
||||
<p class="grid-40 left even">I can only regret that you did not cross-check your sources prior to issuing the press
|
||||
release. This appears to be based exclusively on an article which contains plenty of
|
||||
misleading elements. Should you have contacted us, it would have been a pleasure for my
|
||||
department to provide you with accurate factual information, and I am sure that the result
|
||||
would have been more balanced.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="grid-60 right even">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
I am pleased to inform you that rather than basing our public
|
||||
intervention merely on articles in the press, we followed FSFE's
|
||||
customary best practice of going to the source and, in this case,
|
||||
investing considerable amounts of time into studying the publicly
|
||||
available documents related to this procurement.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
We regret that the SACHA II contract itself has not been published. If
|
||||
the contract were to be made publicly available, FSFE and other
|
||||
European citizens who care about the way in which their taxes are
|
||||
invested and their institutions conduct their business would be able
|
||||
to verify that this agreement is truly in their best interest.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The same applies for other contracts concluded by the Commission
|
||||
regarding the acquisition of software, such as the <a href="http://ted.europa.eu/udl?uri=TED:NOTICE:71324-2008:TEXT:EN:HTML&tabId=1">EUR 49 million
|
||||
framework contract for Microsoft software and services</a> awarded to
|
||||
Fujitsu Siemens on January 10, 2008.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Our goal is to increase the use of Free Software and Open Standards in
|
||||
all parts of the European public sector. This includes opening up
|
||||
public procurement to participation by Free Software companies. FSFE
|
||||
will be happy to work with DIGIT and other parts of the European
|
||||
Commission in order to support competition, choice and freedom in the
|
||||
European software market.
|
||||
</p></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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<head>
|
||||
<title>FSFE - EU Policies overview: Free Software and Open Standards</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">Our Work</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>EU Policies overview: Free Software and Open Standards</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="introduction">
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Many countries in Europe have laws and recommendations
|
||||
referring to Free Software and Open Standards. The picture
|
||||
is certainly complex, and can be confusing at times. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>On this page, we attempt to provide an overview of the
|
||||
laws and policies that exist throughout Europe. If you are
|
||||
working for Free Software in your country, it is useful
|
||||
for you to know what your government says about the topic.
|
||||
Comparisons between different countries can also be
|
||||
instructive.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>This page is a DRAFT. Please help us improve it and
|
||||
complete the picture! Do you know about a policy we're
|
||||
missing? Have we overlooked an aspect of a policy in your
|
||||
country? </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><a href="mailto:policy@lists.fsfe.org">Write to us</a>. Please
|
||||
include a link to the relevant government publication
|
||||
whenever possible, ideally along with a (rough)
|
||||
translation of the relevant passages.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>This is a work in progress. Please help us make this
|
||||
overview the best it can be! </p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">EU</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> In 2004 <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/idabc/servlets/Docd552.pdf?id=19529"> the European Interoperability Framework v.1</a> was published, where, for the first time on the pan-European level, Free Software and proprietary software were treated equally. The EC encouraged the use of Open Standards in e-government services to effectively implement software interoperability both on national and international levels.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The term “Open Standards” is not in use in <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/isa/strategy/doc/annex_i_eis_en.pdf"> the European Interoperability Strategy</a> and <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/isa/strategy/doc/annex_ii_eif_en.pdf"> the EIF v.2</a>, published in 2010. Instead, the EC introduced the term “open specifications” and proposed that“when establishing European public services, public administrations should prefer open specifications, taking due account of the coverage of functional needs, maturity and market support”.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The EC actively promotes public procurement of Free Software: in <a href="http://www.osor.eu/idabc-studies/OSS-procurement-guideline-public-draft-v1%201.pdf">2008</a> and <a href="http://www.osor.eu/idabc-studies/OSS-procurement-guideline%20-final.pdf"> 2010</a> special guidelines for public administrations were published on how and why to publicly acquire Free Software. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Among other important EU documents on Free Software and Open Standards, <a href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52010DC0245R(01):EN:NOT"> EU Digital Agenda</a> explicitly states that public procurement of software and ICT should promote efficiency and reduce lock-in. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Austria</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> National policy on public procurement of Free Software could not be found. Though in 2010 Austria announced its <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=747"> plan to create interoperable e-government systems based on Open Standards and Free Software</a>. </p> <h2 class="country">Belgium</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Since 2004, federally commissioned software must be delivered with the source code. Federal authorities are <a href="http://csis.org/publication/government-open-source-policies-0"> recommended to acquire Free Software,but final decisions should be based on total costs</a>. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Starting in 2008, Belgian federal government services were obliged to <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=747"> use the Open Document Format when exchanging documents</a>. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Bulgaria</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Open Standards and Free Software appear to play no significant role in Bulgaria's eGovernment strategies. In 2008 the Bulgarian government announced that <a href="http://csis.org/publication/government-open-source-policies-0"> it will consider Free Software while reviewing its national IT strategy</a>. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Cyprus</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> There appears to be no Free Software policies. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Czech Republic</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Free Software policies could not be found. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Denmark</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Free Software procurement policy could not be found.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> In 2003 the Danish government adopted a <a href="http://csis.org/publication/government-open-source-policies-0"> Software Strategy </a> emphasizing value for money, competition, freedom of choice, and interoperability. The policy expresses no preference for Free Software. </p>
|
||||
<p> In 2007-2008, the Danish government ran a <a href="http://csis.org/publication/government-open-source-policies-0"> pilot program </a>, where government institutions were required to carry Open Document Format and Microsoft’s Office Open XML format on all computers. They were obliged to accept ODF created by the public, businesses, and other governmental units. Since 2011, ODF must be used by all state authorities. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Estonia</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Free Software policies could not be found. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Finland</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Finnish government <a href="http://csis.org/publication/government-open-source-policies-0"> has recommended government agencies to consider Free Software </a> since 2003. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> In 2009 JUHTA, the public administration of information, <a href="http://csis.org/publication/government-open-source-policies-0"> has released the recommendation on the use of Free Software in public administrations </a>. This policy document is intended to guide public institutions in the procurement of Free Software. Nevertheless, until now Open Standards and Free Software are not yet among the top priorities of the Finnish national IT policy. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">France</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> The French government was among the first in Europe to consider setting up a national Free Software policy. The first proposals are dated from 1999. Since then, several ministries, including Ministries of Defence, Culture, and the Economy, moved to Free Software operating systems. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> In 2007 <a href="http://csis.org/publication/government-open-source-policies-0"> a guide for using Free Software in public administrations was published </a>. Open Standards are used in e-government systems at the national, regional and local level. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Also, France has a public procurement law which includes the definition of Open Standards but <a href="http://www.osor.eu/idabc-studies/OSS-procurement-guideline-public-draft-v1%201.pdf"> does not provide them with mandatory or preferable status</a>. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p>On September 19 2012, the newly appointed French government published a <a href="http://www.april.org/sites/default/files/20130319-ayrault-memorandum-english-translation.pdf">circular on Free Software</a> in public administration. The document aims at giving guidelines and recommendations to public bodies related to their use of Free Software. It highlighted the advantages of Free Software in term of competition, technological sovereignty and cost control. It also stressed the importance of sharing knowledge and skills in the digital society. The document promotes public contribution to Free Software project and regular contact with Free Software communities. The policy created several working groups -on desktop applications, data bases, server OS and virtualisation systems- and a "kernel team" to favor interoperability, promote good practices and manage public contribution to Free Software projects. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>On June 25 2013, <a href="http://www.senat.fr/dossier-legislatif/pjl12-441.html">a law</a> concerning the “Policy and planning for the rebuilding of the school of the Republic ” was voted by the French Parliament. Article 10 of the law, concerning e-learning, states that procurement for e-learning services has to “consider Free Software and open format offers, if any”.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>On July 9 2013 the prioritisation of Free Software <a href="http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/14/ta/ta0180.asp">was voted</a> by the French parliament for the first time. It concerns learning resources used by the French Higher Education public service. Article L. 123-4-1 states that<blockquote>"The Public Service for Higher Education provides digital services and educational resources to its users." <br />"free software is used on a priority basis."</blockquote></p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Germany</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> The German government actively recommends and promotes usage and procurement of Free Software by public administrations. As an example, in 2007 <a href="http://www.osor.eu/idabc-studies/OSS-procurement-guideline-public-draft-v1%201.pdf"> the Foreign office moved to the ODF</a>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Under Germany's Standards and Architectures for eGovernment Applications 4.0 (<a href="http://www.cio.bund.de/SharedDocs/Publikationen/DE/Standards_und_Architekturen/saga_4_0_englisch_download.pdf;jsessionid=0DD1062AA9F141D2F7B505CEBC654B77.2_cid164?__blob=publicationFile">SAGA 4.0, 2008</a>), ODF was recommended for editable text documents. Since 2007, all communications with the federal courts may be transmitted in the ODF format. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Greece</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Free Software policies or major initiatives could not be found. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Hungary</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Free Software policies could not be found. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Ireland</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Free Software policies or major initiatives could not be found. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Italy</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> The Italian government encourages the use of Free Software by the public administrations and calls for its extensive use where possible. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><a href="http://csis.org/publication/government-open-source-policies-0">
|
||||
The 2004 Italian Directive for public procurement of software </a> stated
|
||||
that in the acquisition of software, the public administration must
|
||||
consider Free Software and judge software according to transferability,
|
||||
interoperability, dependency on supplier, and the availability of the
|
||||
source code for inspection.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>In 2007 Italy launched its own repository of Free Software for public
|
||||
administrations (<a href="http://cde.osspa.cnipa.it/"> Ambiente di Sviluppo Cooperativo</a>). </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Latvia</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Free Software policies or major initiatives could not be found. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Lithuania</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Free Software policies could not be found. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Luxemburg</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Free Software policies or major initiatives could not be found. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Malta</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> In 2010 Malta Information Technology Agency has launched a series of policies with the aim to inform and guide government organizations in the procurement process of ICT solutions. Among them, <a href="https://www.mita.gov.mt/MediaCenter/PDFs/1_GMICT-P-0097-Open-Source-Software-v1.0.pdf"> the Open Source Software Policy</a>, <a href="https://www.mita.gov.mt/MediaCenter/PDFs/1_GMICT-D-0097-Open-Source-Software-v2.0.pdf"> Open Source Software Directive</a>, <a href="https://www.mita.gov.mt/MediaCenter/PDFs/1_GMICT-P-0099-Open-Standards-v1.0.pdf"> Open Standards policy</a>, <a href="https://www.mita.gov.mt/MediaCenter/PDFs/2_GMICT-D-0099-Open-Standards-v1.0.pdf"> Open Standards Directive</a> were published. It states there that government should actively consider acquisition of Free Software taking into account all direct and indirect costs when calculating the cost-effectiveness of Free Software. All prospective ICT investments, procured and / or developed internally within the public sector, shall adopt Open Standards. Open Standards-based solutions and applications should be preferred. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Netherlands</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Netherlands appear to have one of the most Free Software-oriented e-government and procurement policies in EU.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>From December 2007 the Dutch parliament has been using exclusively Open Standards.
|
||||
<a href="https://noiv.nl/">The OSOSS ("open source as a part of the software strategy") Program</a> was
|
||||
created to help stimulate the use of Open Standards by public administrations
|
||||
and provide information on Free Software. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> In <a href="https://noiv.nl/files/2009/12/Action_plan_english.pdf">the Action plan</a> published in 2007 the Dutch Cabinet intends to encourage the use of Free Software and Open Standards within the public and semi-public sectors. The key focus here is: “use Open Standards, or come up with a very good reason why this is not possible”. All institutions that still insist on the use of proprietary software must provide reasons for maintaining it until a later date. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Poland</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> The Polish government <a href="http://csis.org/publication/government-open-source-policies-0"> recommends the use of Open Standards in public agencies </a>. According to <a href="http://www.osor.eu/news/pl-ninety-percent-op-public-administrations-use-open-source"> the results of the survey</a> carried out in 2010, 90% of the Polish public administrations are using Free Software, though most of it is installed on servers. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Portugal</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Portugal government <a href="http://csis.org/publication/government-open-source-policies-0"> recommends use of Free Software in the public administration, but these recommendations are not legally-binding</a>. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Romania</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Free Software policies or major initiatives could not be found. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Slovakia</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Free Software policies or major initiatives could not be found. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Slovenia</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Since 2003 Free Software and proprietary software are <a href="http://csis.org/publication/government-open-source-policies-0"> given equal consideration in public procurement</a>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Today only Slovenian courts adopted Open Office as a standard for office usage, but the Slovenian government has recently decided that <a href="http://www.osor.eu/news/si-slovenian-public-administrations-moving-to-open-source-desktops"> by 2015 80 percent of the government's offices should be using Free software on their desktops </a>. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Spain</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> The Spanish authorities promote the Free Software and encourage its usage by public agencies. In 2010 the Spanish government adopted <a href="http://www.csae.mpr.es/csi/pdf/ENI_INTEROPERABILITY_ENGLISH_final.pdf"> the National Interoperability Framework </a> where it forbid public administrations from using exclusively non-open standards without offering an Open-Standard alternative, unless such alternatives do not exist. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Sweden</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Swedish government <a href="http://www.campussource.de/org/opensource/docs/schwed.studie.pdf"> recommends public institutions to judge Free Software and proprietary software on an even basis in the public procurement processes </a>. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">UK</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> In 2010 the UK government reviewed its <a href="http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files/resources/open_source.pdf"> Free Software strategy </a> but remained pro-active user of Free Software. It states that the UK government will actively and fairly consider Free Software solutions alongside proprietary ones in making procurement decisions. Procurement decisions will be made on the basis on the best value for money solution to the business requirement, taking account of total lifetime cost of ownership of the solution, including exit and transition costs, after ensuring that solutions fulfill minimum and essential capability, security, scalability, transferability, support and manageability requirements. However, Free Software is given a preference, where there is no significant overall cost difference between free and non-free software products.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> The UK Government will require suppliers to provide evidence of consideration of Free Software solutions during procurement exercises – if this evidence is not provided, bidders are likely to be disqualified from the procurement. The UK Government will expect software developers to consider where necessary a suitable mix of Free Software and proprietary products to ensure that the best possible overall solution can be found.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> The Government adopts Open Standards and uses these to communicate with the citizens and businesses that have adopted Free Software solutions.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> In <a href="http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files/resources/PPN%203_11%20Open%20Standards.pdf"> a procurement policy note 2011 </a> the UK Cabinet recommends government departments wherever possible to deploy Open Standards in their procurement specifications.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> In <a href="http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files/resources/uk-government-ict-strategy-2011_0.odt"> Government ICT Strategy</a>, published on 30.03.2011, the UK Government impose compulsory Open Standards for the Government ICT infrastructure for interoperability and security reasons. It expressly states that government agencies should procure Free Software solutions, where appropriate - to help with this, a special toolkit for procurers on the use of Free Software will be published within next 6 months. Also, the UK Cabinet will promote more active participation of small and medium-size enterprises as well as voluntary and social sector, social enterprise organizations in bidding for government ICT contracts. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
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|
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<head>
|
||||
<title>FSFE - Visione d'insieme delle politiche UE: Il Software Libero e gli
|
||||
Standard Aperti</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">Our Work</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>FSFE - Visione d'insieme delle politiche UE: Il software Libero e gli
|
||||
Standard Aperti.</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="introduction">
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Molti paesi in Europa hanno leggi e raccomandazioni che si riferiscono
|
||||
al Software Libero e agli Standard Aperti. Il quadro è sicuramente complesso, e
|
||||
può indurre confusione.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
L'obiettivo di questa pagina è quello di dare un quadro d'insieme delle leggi e
|
||||
politiche esistenti a livello europeo. Se lavori per il Software Libero nel tuo
|
||||
paese, può esserti utile conoscere la posizione del governo sull'argomento. Una
|
||||
comparazione tra i diversi paesi può essere istruttiva.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Questa pagina è una BOZZA. Per favore, aiutaci a migliorarla e
|
||||
completare il quadro d'insieme! Sei esperto di un elemento di cui non parliamo?
|
||||
Abbiamo trascurato un aspetto della legislazione nel tuo paese?
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Scrivici all'indirizzo policies AT fsfeurope PUNTO org. Per favore, se
|
||||
possibile, includi un link alle pubblicazioni del governo sull'argomento, se
|
||||
possibile includendo una traduzione in inglese (anche non accurata), dei
|
||||
passaggi più importanti.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Questo è un lavoro in corso. Aiutaci a migliorarlo!
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">UE</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Nel 2004 <a
|
||||
href="http://ec.europa.eu/idabc/servlets/Docd552.pdf?id=19529"> l'European
|
||||
Interoperability Framework v.1</a> è pubblicato. Per la prima volta a
|
||||
livello europeo, il Software Libero ed il software proprietario vengono trattati
|
||||
paritariamente. La Commissione Europea incoraggiava l'uso degli Standard Aperti
|
||||
nei servizi delle pubbliche amministrazioni, per implementare effettivamente
|
||||
l'interoperabilità del software, sia a livello nazionale che internazionale.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
La definizione di "Standard Aperti" non è in uso né nella <a
|
||||
href="http://ec.europa.eu/isa/strategy/doc/annex_i_eis_en.pdf"> Strategia
|
||||
Europea per l'Interoperabilità</a>, né in <a
|
||||
href="http://ec.europa.eu/isa/strategy/doc/annex_ii_eif_en.pdf"> EIF v.2.</a>,
|
||||
pubblicato nel 2010. Invece, la Commissione introduce il termine "specifiche
|
||||
aperte" e sostiene che "quando offrono servizi pubblici europei, le pubbliche
|
||||
amministrazioni dovrebbero preferire delle specifiche aperte, considerando la
|
||||
soddisfazione dei bisogni funzionali, la maturità e l'appoggio del mercato".
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
La Commissione Europea promuove l'approvvigionamento di Software Libero:
|
||||
nel <a
|
||||
href="http://www.osor.eu/idabc-studies/OSS-procurement-guideline-public-draft-v1
|
||||
%201.pdf">2008</a> e nel <a
|
||||
href="http://www.osor.eu/idabc-studies/OSS-procurement-guideline%20-final.pdf">
|
||||
2010</a> fissa le linee guida per le pubbliche amministrazioni su come e perché
|
||||
adottare il software libero.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Tra gli altri documenti importanti sul Software Libero e gli Standard
|
||||
Aperti, <a
|
||||
href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52010DC0245R(
|
||||
01):EN:NOT"> EU Digital Agenda </a>afferma in modo esplicito che le forniture
|
||||
pubbliche di software e tecnologie dovrebbero promuovere l'efficienza e ridurre
|
||||
gli accordi esclusivi.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Austria</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Non esiste una politica nazionale sulla fornitura di Software Libero.
|
||||
Nel 2010 l'Austria ha annunciato un<a
|
||||
href="http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=
|
||||
display&doc_id=747"> piano per creare sistemi interoperabili di e-government
|
||||
basati sugli Standard Aperti e il Software Libero</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Belgio</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Dal 2004, il software prodotto per il governo federale deve essere
|
||||
fornito con il codice sorgente. Le autorità federali sono invitate a <a
|
||||
href="http://csis.org/publication/government-open-source-policies-0"> acquisire
|
||||
Software Libero, tuttavia la decisione finale deve basarsi sui costi totali</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Dal 2008, i servizi del governo federale belga devono utilizzare <a
|
||||
href="http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=
|
||||
display&doc_id=747"> l'Open Document Format per lo scambio di documenti
|
||||
</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Bulgaria</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Gli Standard Aperti e il Software Libero non sembrano giocare un ruolo
|
||||
significante nelle strategie di riforma delle procedure in Bulgaria. Nel 2008,
|
||||
il governo bulgaro annunciò che <a
|
||||
href="http://csis.org/publication/government-open-source-policies-0"> avrebbe
|
||||
considerato il Software Libero durante la revisione delle proprie strategie in
|
||||
ambito tecnologico</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Cipro</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Assenza di riferimenti al software libero nelle politiche. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Repubblica Ceca</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Assenza di riferimenti al software libero nelle politiche. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Danimarca</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Assenza di riferimenti al software libero nelle politiche.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Nel 2003 il governo danese ha adottato una <a
|
||||
href="http://csis.org/publication/government-open-source-policies-0">Strategia
|
||||
in materia di software </a>enfatizzando la sua importanza della valorizzazione
|
||||
delle risorse, della concorrenza, della libertà di scelta e
|
||||
dell'interoperabilità. La politicha non esprime preferenze per il Software
|
||||
Libero.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Nel 2007-2008 il governo danese ha condotto un <a
|
||||
href="http://csis.org/publication/government-open-source-policies-0">programma
|
||||
pilota </a>, per il quale
|
||||
le istituzioni governative erano tenute a mantenere una copia di tutti i
|
||||
documenti in formato Open Document Format ed in formato Microsoft Office XML.
|
||||
Erano obbligati ad accettare i documenti ODF creati dal pubblico, dalle aziende
|
||||
e dalle altre agenzie governative. Dal 2011, i documenti ODF devono essere
|
||||
utilizzati da tutte le pubbliche istituzioni.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Estonia</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Assenza di riferimenti al software libero nelle politiche. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Finlandia</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Il governo finlandese <a
|
||||
href="http://csis.org/publication/government-open-source-policies-0"> ha
|
||||
raccomandato alle agenzie governative di utilizzare il Software Libero </a> dal
|
||||
2003 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Nel 2009 JUHTA, la pubblica amministrazione dell'informazione, <a
|
||||
href="http://csis.org/publication/government-open-source-policies-0">
|
||||
ha rilasciato le raccomandazioni sull'uso del Software Libero nelle pubbliche
|
||||
amministrazioni </a>.
|
||||
Questo documento programmatico ha la funzione di guidare le pubbliche
|
||||
istituzioni nell'approvvigionamento di software Libero.
|
||||
Comunque, fino ad oggi, gli Standard Aperti ed il Software Libero non rientrano
|
||||
nelle priorità del governo finlandese in materia di tecnologia.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Francia</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Il governo francese è stato tra i primi in Europa a considerare di impostare una
|
||||
politica nazionale sul Software Libero. Le prime proposte sono datate 1999.
|
||||
Successivametne, molti ministeri,
|
||||
incluso il Ministero della Difesa, della Cultura, dell'Economia hanno migrato a
|
||||
sistemi operativi basati sul Software Libero.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Nel 2007 <a
|
||||
href="http://csis.org/publication/government-open-source-policies-0"> una guida
|
||||
all'uso del Software Libero nelle pubbliche amministrazioni `e stata pubblicata
|
||||
</a>.
|
||||
Oggi gli Standard Aperti sono utilizzati nei sistemi informatici pubblici a
|
||||
livello nazionale, regionale e locale.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Inoltre, la Francia ha una legge sugli approvvigionamenti che include la
|
||||
definizione di Open Standard, ma <a
|
||||
href="http://www.osor.eu/idabc-studies/OSS-procurement-guideline-public-draft-v1
|
||||
%201.pdf">
|
||||
senza dotarli di status obbligatorio o preferenziale</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Germania</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Il governo tedesco raccomanda attivamente, e promuove l'uso e la fornitura di
|
||||
Software Libero da parte delle pubbliche amministrazioni.
|
||||
Ad esempio, dal 2007, <a
|
||||
href="http://www.osor.eu/idabc-studies/OSS-procurement-guideline-public-draft-v1
|
||||
%201.pdf">
|
||||
il Ministero degli Esteri utilizza lo standard ODF</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Secondo gli Standard e Architetture della Germania per le applicazioni di
|
||||
eGovernment 4.0 (<a
|
||||
href="http://www.cio.bund.de/SharedDocs/Publikationen/DE/
|
||||
Standards_und_Architekturen/saga_4_0_englisch_download.pdf;jsessionid=
|
||||
0DD1062AA9F141D2F7B505CEBC654B77.2_cid164?__blob=publicationFile">SAGA 4.0,
|
||||
2008</a>), ODF è raccomandato per tutti i documenti di testo modificabili. Dal
|
||||
2007, tutte le comunicazioni con i tribunali federali possono essere trasmesse
|
||||
in formato ODF.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Grecia</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Assenza di riferimenti al software libero nelle politiche. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Ungheria</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Assenza di riferimenti al software libero nelle politiche. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Irlanda</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Assenza di riferimenti al software libero nelle politiche. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Italia</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Il governo italiano incoraggia l'uso del Software Libero nelle pubbliche
|
||||
amministrazioni e raccomanda un uso estensivo dello stesso dove possibile. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p> <a href="http://csis.org/publication/government-open-source-policies-0"> La
|
||||
Direttiva Italiana del 2005 per la fornitura pubblica di software </a>
|
||||
afferma che nell'acquisizione del software, le pubbliche amministrazioni devono
|
||||
considerare il Software Libero, e valutare il software rispetto
|
||||
alla trasferibilità, dipendenza dal fornitore, e la disponibilità del codice
|
||||
sorgente per ispezioni.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Nel 2007 l'Italia ha lanciato il proprio ambiente di Software Libero per le
|
||||
pubbliche amministrazioni (<a href="http://cde.osspa.cnipa.it/"> Ambiente di
|
||||
Sviluppo
|
||||
Cooperativo</a>).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Lettonia</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Assenza di riferimenti al software libero nelle politiche. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Lituania</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Assenza di riferimenti al software libero nelle politiche. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Lussemburgo</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Assenza di riferimenti al software libero nelle politiche. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Nel 2010 l'Agenzia Maltese per la Tecnologia dell'Informazione ha annunciato una
|
||||
serie di politiche con lo scopo di informare e guidare le organizzazioni
|
||||
governative
|
||||
nella fornitura di soluzioni informatichem tra cui
|
||||
|
||||
<a
|
||||
href="https://www.mita.gov.mt/MediaCenter/PDFs/1_GMICT-P-0097-Open-Source-
|
||||
Software-v1.0.pdf">
|
||||
la politica per il software Open Source</a>,
|
||||
<a
|
||||
href="https://www.mita.gov.mt/MediaCenter/PDFs/1_GMICT-D-0097-Open-Source-
|
||||
Software-v2.0.pdf">
|
||||
la direttiva per il software open source</a>,
|
||||
<a
|
||||
href="https://www.mita.gov.mt/MediaCenter/PDFs/1_GMICT-P-0099-Open-Standards-v1.
|
||||
0.pdf"> la politica per gli Standard Aperti</a>,
|
||||
<a
|
||||
href="https://www.mita.gov.mt/MediaCenter/PDFs/2_GMICT-D-0099-Open-Standards-v1.
|
||||
0.pdf"> La Direttiva Open Standard</a>
|
||||
sono state pubblicate. Si afferma che il governo dovrebbe considerare attivamente l'acquisizione di Software Libero,
|
||||
tenendo conto di tutti i costi diretti e indiretti, calcolando l'efficacia del Software Libero rispetto ai costi.
|
||||
Tutti i potenziali investimenti riguardanti il settore pubblico dovrebbero adottare gli Standard Aperti. Le soluzioni e
|
||||
applicazioni basate sugli Standard Aperti dovrebbero essere preferite.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Paesi Bassi</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> I Paesi Bassi hanno una delle pubbliche amministrazioni maggiormente
|
||||
orientate all'uso del Software Libero nell'UE. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
A partire dal dicembre del 2007, il Parlamento dei Paesi Bassi ha usato
|
||||
esclusivamente Standard Aperti.
|
||||
<a href="https://noiv.nl/">Il programma OSOSS ("Open Source come parte della
|
||||
Strategia del Software") </a>
|
||||
fu creato per stimolare l'uso di Standard Aperti dalle pubbliche amministrazioni
|
||||
e fornire informazioni sul Software Libero.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Nel <a href="https://noiv.nl/files/2009/12/Action_plan_english.pdf">piano d'azione </a>
|
||||
pubblicato nel 2007 il Governo dei Paesi Bassi vuole incoraggiare l'uso del Software Libero
|
||||
e degli Standard Aperti nei settori pubblico e semi-pubblco.
|
||||
L'argomento chiave è: "Usare gli Standard Aperti, a meno che non ci siano ragioni ben precise per cui questo non è possibile".
|
||||
Tutte le istituzioni che continuano ad utilizzare software proprietario devono
|
||||
fornire delle motivazioni per mantenerlo fino ad una data ulteriore.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Polonia</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Il governo polacco <a href="http://csis.org/publication/government-open-source-policies-0"> raccomanda l'uso degli Standard Aperti per le istituzioni pubbliche </a>.
|
||||
Secondo <a href="http://www.osor.eu/news/pl-ninety-percent-op-public-administrations-use-open-source">i risultati del sondaggio</a> condotto nel 2010, il 90% delle
|
||||
pubbliche amministrazioni polacche utilizzano Software Libero, sebbene esso sia in buona parte installato su server. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Portogallo</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Il governo portoghese <a href="http://csis.org/publication/government-open-source-policies-0"> raccomanda l'uso del Software Libero nelle pubbliche amministrazioni,
|
||||
ma queste raccomandazioni non sono obbligatorie</a>. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Romania</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Assenza di riferimenti al software libero nelle politiche. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Repubblica Slovacca</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Assenza di riferimenti al software libero nelle politiche. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Slovenia</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Dal 2003 il Software Libero ed il software proprietario sono <a href="http://csis.org/publication/government-open-source-policies-0">
|
||||
sullo stesso piano per quanto riguarda le forniture pubbliche</a>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Oggi solo i tribunali sloveni adottano il Software Libero come standard per l'utilizzo quotidiano. Tuttavia, il governo sloveno, ha recentemente deciso che
|
||||
<a href="http://www.osor.eu/news/si-slovenian-public-administrations-moving-to-open-source-desktops"> entro il 2015 l'80% degli uffici pubblici dovranno
|
||||
utilizzare Software Libero sui loro computer </a>. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Spagna</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Le autorità spagnole promuovono il Software Libero e ne incoraggiano l'uso nelle pubbliche istituzioni.
|
||||
Nel 2010 il governo spagnolo ha adottato il <a href="http://www.csae.mpr.es/csi/pdf/ENI_INTEROPERABILITY_ENGLISH_final.pdf"> Quadro Nazionale di Interoperabilità </a>,
|
||||
per il quale è vietato alle pubbliche amministrazioni un utilizzo esclusivo di standard non aperti senza la fornitura di un'alternativa basata su Standard Aperti, a meno
|
||||
che una simile alternativa non esista. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">Svezia</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Swedish government <a
|
||||
href="http://www.campussource.de/org/opensource/docs/schwed.studie.pdf">
|
||||
recommends public institutions to judge Free Software and proprietary
|
||||
software on an even basis in the public procurement processes </a>. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Il Governo Svedese <a href="http://www.campussource.de/org/opensource/docs/schwed.studie.pdf">
|
||||
raccomanda alle istituzioni pubbliche una valutazione obiettiva tra Software Libero e Software proprietario, nel corso della procedura di fornitura pubblica.</a>. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 class="country">UK</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Nel 2010 il governo britannico ha rivisto la propria <a href="http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files/resources/open_source.pdf">Strategia sul Software Libero </a>
|
||||
rimanendo un utente proattivo del Software Libero. Il documento afferma che il governo britannico considererà attivamente e lealmente le soluzioni basate sul Software Libero accanto
|
||||
a quelle basate su software proprietario nella scelta degli strumenti da utilizzare, tenendo conto del costo totale di ognuna delle soluzioni, includendo i costi di uscita e di transizione,
|
||||
dopo essersi assicurati che quella soluzione risponda ai requisiti minimi di capacità, sicurezza, scalabilità, trasferibilità, assistenza e maneggevolezza.
|
||||
In ogni caso, una preferenza viene accordata al Software Libero, quando non ci sono significanti differenze di costo tra i prodotti liberi e proprietari.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Il governo britannico richiede ai propri fornitori di provare che essi prendano in considerazione le soluzioni basate sul Software Libero durante le campagne di approvvigionamento - se questa
|
||||
dimostrazione non viene data, gli offerenti sono con ogni probabilità esclusi dalla gara.
|
||||
Il governo britannico richiede agli sviluppatori di considerare sempre un mix adeguato di Software Libero e proprietario per assicurare che sia trovata la migliore soluzione possibile. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Il governo adotta gli Standard Aperti e li utilizza per comunicare con i cittadini e con le aziende che hanno adottato soluzioni basate su Software Libero.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p> In una <a href="http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files/resources/PPN%203_11%20Open%20Standards.pdf"> nota del 2011 </a> sulla politica delle gare d'appalto il governo britannico
|
||||
raccomanda ai ministeri di utilizzare, quando possibile, gli Standard Aperti nelle loro gare d'appalto.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
In <a
|
||||
href="http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files/resources/uk-
|
||||
government-ict-strategy-2011_0.odt">
|
||||
Government ICT Strategy</a>, published on 30.03.2011, the UK Government impose
|
||||
compulsory Open Standards for the Government ICT infrastructure for
|
||||
interoperability
|
||||
and security reasons. It expressly states that government agencies should
|
||||
procure Free Software
|
||||
solutions, where appropriate - to help with this, a special toolkit for
|
||||
procurers
|
||||
on the use of Free Software will be published within next 6 months. Also, the UK
|
||||
Cabinet
|
||||
will promote more active participation of small and medium-size
|
||||
enterprises as well as voluntary and social sector, social enterprise
|
||||
organizations in bidding for government ICT contracts.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p> Nella <a href="http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files/resources/uk-government-ict-strategy-2011_0.odt"> Strategia per le tecnologie dell'informazione e della comunicazione</a>
|
||||
pubblicata il 30 marzo 2011, il governo britannico stabilisce l'obbligatorietà degli Standard Aperti per l'infrastruttura informativa governativa, per ragioni di interoperabilità e sicurezza.
|
||||
Viene espressamente stabilito che le agenzie governative dovranno ottenere soluzioni basate su Software Libero, quando appropriato. A questo fine, uno speciale kit per procuratori sull'utilizzo
|
||||
del software libero verrà prestabilito nei successivi sei mesi. Inoltre, il governo britannico promuoverà una partecipazione più attiva delle piccole e medie imprese, nonché del settore
|
||||
del volontariato e dell'economia sociale, imprese sociali, organizzazioni, nella fase delle gare d'appalto per i contratti pubblici nel settore della comunicazione e del'informazione.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
<translator>Alessandro Polvani</translator>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
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|
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Politische Ziele 2014 - 2019 - Übersicht - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">Unsere Arbeit</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Politische Ziele 2014 - 2019</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Freie Software - also Computerprogramme, die jeder Mensch
|
||||
benutzen, untersuchen, verbreiten und verbessern kann -
|
||||
ist elementar wichtig, um eine freie Informationsgesellschaft
|
||||
zu schaffen. Freie Software macht das Internet erst möglich
|
||||
und bildet die Grundlage für die meisten erfolgreichen
|
||||
Unternehmen in der IT-Industrie. Nur mit Freier Software
|
||||
können Anwender vollständig verstehen, was ein Computerprogramm
|
||||
tatsächlich macht, welche Daten es wohin sendet und wie dessen
|
||||
Resultate erzeugt werden.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="subpages">Navigation</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><h3><a
|
||||
href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/public-bodies.html">Öffentliche Einrichtungen</a></h3></li>
|
||||
<li><h3><a
|
||||
href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/consumer-rights.html">Verbraucherschutz und Gerätehoheit</a></h3></li>
|
||||
<li><h3><a
|
||||
href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/privacy.html">Privatsphäre, Überwachung und
|
||||
Verschlüsselung</a></h3></li>
|
||||
<li><h3><a
|
||||
href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Dezentrale Systeme</a></h3></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Links</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
<translator>Max Mehl</translator>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>0</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Πολιτικοί στόχοι 2014 - 2019 - Επισκόπηση - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">Η εργασία μας</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Πολιτικοί στόχοι 2014 - 2019</h1>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό (ή "λογισμικό ανοικτού κώδικα") - προγράμματα
|
||||
υπολογιστή που οποιοσδήποτε μπορεί να χρησιμοποιεί, να μελετά,
|
||||
να μοιράζεται, και να βελτιώνει - είναι ζωτικής σημασίας για
|
||||
την επίτευξη αυτών των στόχων. Το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό κάνει το Διαδίκτυο
|
||||
να λειτουργεί και παρέχει τις βάσεις για τις πιο επιτυχημένες
|
||||
επιχειρήσεις στη βιομηχανία της τεχνολογίας πληροφοριών.
|
||||
Μόνο με Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό μπορούν οι χρήστες να κατανοήσουν πλήρως
|
||||
τι πραγματικά κάνει ένα πρόγραμμα υπολογιστή, ποια δεδομένα αποστέλλει
|
||||
πού, και πώς παράγει τα αποτελέσματά του.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="subpages">Πλοήγηση</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/public-bodies.html">Δημόσιες υπηρεσίες</a></h3></li>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/consumer-rights.html">Δικαιώματα καταναλωτών και κυριότητα συσκευών</a></h3></li>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/privacy.html">Ιδιωτικό απόρρητο, επιτήρηση και κρυπτογραφία</a></h3></li>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Κατανεμημένα συστήματα</a></h3></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Links</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
<translator>Constantine Mousafiris</translator>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Policy goals 2014 - 2019 - Overview - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">Our Work</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Policy goals 2014 - 2019</h1>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Free Software - computer programs which anyone can use,
|
||||
study, share, and improve - is crucial for building a free
|
||||
information society. Free Software powers the Internet and
|
||||
provides the foundation for most successful businesses in
|
||||
the information technology industry. Only with Free
|
||||
Software can users fully understand what a computer
|
||||
program actually does, which data it sends where, and how
|
||||
it generates its results.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="subpages">Navigation</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/public-bodies.html">Public bodies</a></h3></li>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/consumer-rights.html">Consumer rights and device sovereignty</a></h3></li>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/privacy.html">Privacy, surveillance and cryptography</a></h3></li>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Distributed systems</a></h3></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Links</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Objectifs de politique publique 2014 - 2019 - Aperçu - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
<body> <p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">Notre action</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Objectifs politiques 2014 - 2019</h1>
|
||||
<p>Les Logiciels Libres (ou « logiciels open source ») - les programmes d'ordinateur que quiconque peut exécuter, étudier, redistribuer et améliorer - sont cruciaux pour atteindre ces objectifs.
|
||||
|
||||
Le Logiciel Libre fait fonctionner Internet et constitue les fondations de la plupart des entreprises qui réussissent dans l'industrie des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (TIC). Seul le Logiciel Libre permet aux utilisateurs de comprendre entièrement ce que fait véritablement un programme d'ordinateur, quelles données il envoie, où, et comment il génère ses résultats.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="subpages">Navigation</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/public-bodies.html">Organismes publics</a></h3></li>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/consumer-rights.html">Droits des consommateurs et propriété des appareils</a></h3></li>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/privacy.html">Vie privée, surveillance et cryptographie</a></h3></li>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Systémes distribués</a></h3></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Links</h2>
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
<translator>Cryptie et Thibault</translator>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Obbiettivi 2014 - 2019 - Panoramica - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">Il nostro lavoro</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Obbiettivi 2014 - 2019</h1>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Il Software Libero - programmi per computer che chiunque può usare,
|
||||
studiare, condividere e migliorare - è cruciale per l'edificazione di
|
||||
una società dell'informazione libera. Il Software Libero potenzia Internet e
|
||||
fornisce le fondamenta per le imprese di maggior successo
|
||||
nell'industria delle tecnologie dell'informazione. Solo con il
|
||||
Software Libero gli utenti possono comprendere pienamente cosa faccia effettivamente
|
||||
un programma per computer, quali dati siano inviati dove, e come
|
||||
questi generino i loro risultati.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="subpages">Navigazione</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/public-bodies.html">Enti pubblici</a></h3></li>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/consumer-rights.html">Diritti del consumatore e sovranità sui dispositivi</a></h3></li>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/privacy.html">Privacy, sorveglianza e crittografia</a></h3></li>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Sistemi distribuiti</a></h3></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Links</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<translator>Emanuele Croce, 18.09.2015</translator>
|
||||
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
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|
|
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|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Beleidsdoelen 2014 - 2019 - Overzicht - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">Ons werk</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Beleidsdoelen 2014 - 2019</h1>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Vrije Software - computerprogramma's die iedereen kan gebruiken, bestuderen, delen en
|
||||
verbeteren - is cruciaal voor het bouwen van een vrije informatiesamenleving. Vrije Software
|
||||
maakt het internet mogelijk en biedt de fundering voor de meest succesvole bedrijven in de
|
||||
informatietechnologie-industrie. Alleen met Vrije Software kunnen gebruikers volledig begrijpen wat een
|
||||
computerprogramma echt doet, welke data het waarheen stuurt, en hoe het resultaten genereert.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="subpages">Navigatie</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/public-bodies.html">Publieke lichamen</a></h3></li>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/consumer-rights.html">Consumentenrechten en soevereiniteit over apparaten</a></h3></li>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/privacy.html">Privacy, surveillance en cryptografie</a></h3></li>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Gedistribueerde systemen</a></h3></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Links</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
<translator>André Ockers</translator>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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-->
|
|
@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Objectivos para 2014 - 2019 - Visão geral - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">O que fazemos</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Objectivos para 2014 - 2019</h1>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
O Software Livre - programas de computador que qualquer um pode usar,
|
||||
estudar, partilhar e melhorar - é crucial para a construção duma
|
||||
sociedade de informação livre. O Software Livre serve de base à Internet e
|
||||
providencia as bases para a maior parte das empresas de sucesso na
|
||||
área das tecnologias de informação. Só com Software Livre é possível aos
|
||||
utilizadores compreenderem completamente o que realmente faz um programa de
|
||||
computador, que dados envia para onde, e como
|
||||
gera os resultados que mostra.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="subpages">Navegação</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/public-bodies.html">Organismos públicos</a></h3></li>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/consumer-rights.html">Direitos dos consumidores e soberania sobre os dispositivos</a></h3></li>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/privacy.html">Privacidade, vigilância e criptografia</a></h3></li>
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Sistemas distribuídos</a></h3></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Ligações</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
<!--
|
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|
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|
||||
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|
|
@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Politische Ziele 2014 - 2019 - Verbraucherschutz - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body class="article" microformats="h-entry">
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals.html">Politische Ziele 2014 - 2019</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Verbraucherschutz und Gerätehoheit</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Links</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Verbraucherschutz und Gerätehoheit -->
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Wir verlassen uns zunehmend auf Computer für die meisten Aufgaben
|
||||
in unserem Leben, seien es Smartphones, Autos oder Thermostate.
|
||||
Bürger müssen die volle Kontrolle darüber haben, wie diese
|
||||
Geräte arbeiten.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Im Einzelnen benötigen Bürger die Freiheit, die Software auf
|
||||
diesen Geräten anzupassen und auszutauschen, die auf diesen
|
||||
Geräten läuft. Sie müssen ebenfalls in der Lage sein, zu
|
||||
kontrollieren, welche Daten diese Geräte sammeln und wem diese
|
||||
Daten zur Verfügung gestellt werden.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Die Gesetzgeber müssen sicherstellen, dass die Verbraucher
|
||||
die Möglichkeit haben, die Software auf allen Rechengeräten zu
|
||||
modifizieren und auszutauschen, deren Eigentümer sie sind. Sie
|
||||
müssen Verbraucherrechte dadurch stärken, dass sie Bürgern
|
||||
einen einfachen Regressanspruch gegenüber Herstellern und
|
||||
Händlern ermöglichen, die sie vom Anpassen der Software auf
|
||||
ihren Geräten abhalten wollen.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Bei Produkten wie elektronischen Büchern, Filmen und
|
||||
Computerspielen legen Verkäufer den Verbrauchern häufig
|
||||
willkürliche Einschränkungen auf. Diese verbieten es
|
||||
beispielsweise Endkunden, die von ihnen gekauften Produkte zu
|
||||
verkaufen oder zu verleihen. Verkäufer erreichen dies oftmals
|
||||
damit, indem sie behaupten, dass sie lediglich eine Lizenz für
|
||||
die Benutzung des Produkts verkaufen anstatt das Produkt an
|
||||
sich. Solche Einschränkungen sind grob unlauter gegenüber den
|
||||
Kunden und die Gesetzgeber müssen diesem Treiben ein Ende
|
||||
setzen.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p><b>Wir fordern von der EU und ihren Mitgliedsstaaten, dass:</b></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
- sie die Kommission dazu auffordern, einen Vorschlag für die
|
||||
gesetzliche Stärkung von Verbraucherrechten zu machen, indem sie
|
||||
voraussetzen, dass Verbraucher in der Lage sein müssen, die Software
|
||||
auf jedem Computergerät zu verändern oder auszutauschen, welches sie
|
||||
kaufen oder anderweitig permanent besitzen
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
- sie die Kommission dazu auffordern, gesetzlich zu sichern, dass
|
||||
Verbraucher digitale Güter, die sie erworben haben, in der vollen
|
||||
Bandbreite der Urheberrechtsausnahmen und -begrenzungen nutzen
|
||||
können
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
<sidebar promo="our-work">
|
||||
<h2>Unsere politischen Ziele</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a
|
||||
href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/public-bodies.html">Öffentliche Einrichtungen</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/privacy.html">Privatsphäre, Überwachung und Verschlüsselung</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Dezentrale Systeme</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</sidebar>
|
||||
|
||||
<translator>Max Mehl</translator>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
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<version>1</version>
|
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|
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<head>
|
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<title>Πολιτικοί στόχοι 2014 - 2019 - Δικαιώματα καταναλωτών - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body class="article" microformats="h-entry">
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals.html">Πολιτικοί στόχοι 2014 - 2019</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Δικαιώματα καταναλωτών και κυριότητα συσκευών</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Links</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Δικαιώματα καταναλωτών και κυριότητα συσκευής -->
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Βασιζόμαστε ολοένα και περισσότερο σε υπολογιστές για τις περισσότερες λειτουργίες στην
|
||||
καθημερινή μας ζωή, είτε πρόκειται για έξυπνα τηλέφωνα, αυτοκίνητα, ή θερμοστάτες. Οι πολίτες
|
||||
πρέπει να έχουν τον πλήρη έλεγχο πάνω στον τρόπο λειτουργίας αυτών των συσκευών.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Ειδικότερα, οι πολίτες πρέπει να έχουν την ελευθερία να τροποποιούν και να
|
||||
ανταλάσσουν το λογισμικό που τρέχει σε αυτές τις συσκευές. Πρέπει, επίσης, να έχουν
|
||||
τη δυνατότητα να ελέγχουν ποια δεδομένα συλλέγουν αυτές οι συσκευές, και με ποιον διαμοιράζονται
|
||||
αυτά τα δεδομένα.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Ο νομοθέτης πρέπει να διασφαλίσει ότι οι καταναλωτές θα έχουν τη δυνατότητα να τροποποιούν
|
||||
και να ανταλάσσουν το λογισμικό σε όλες τις υπολογιστικές συσκευές που έχουν στην κατοχή τους. Χρειάζεται
|
||||
η ενδυνάμωση των δικαιωμάτων του καταναλωτή, δίνοντας στους πολίτες τη δυνατότητα να προσφεύγουν εύκολα κατά
|
||||
των κατασκευαστών και των μεταπωλητών που τους εμποδίζουν να τροποποιούν το
|
||||
λογισμικό των συσκευών τους.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Με προϊόντα όπως ηλεκτρονικά βιβλία, ταινίες και παιγνίδια υπολογιστών,
|
||||
οι προμηθευτές εύκολα επιβάλλουν αυθαίρετους περιορισμούς στους καταναλωτές. Αυτοί,
|
||||
για παράδειγμα, εμποδίζουν τους καταναλωτές να πωλούν ή να δανείζουν τα προϊόντα
|
||||
που αγόρασαν. Αυτό το πετυχαίνουν συχνά οι προμηθευτές, υποστηρίζοντας ότι αυτοί απλώς
|
||||
πωλούν μια άδεια χρήσης του προϊόντος, και όχι το ίδιο το προϊόν.
|
||||
Αυτοί οι περιορισμοί είναι χοντροκομμένα άδικοι για τους καταναλωτές, και ο
|
||||
νομοθέτης πρέπει να τους σταματήσει.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p><b>Θέλουμε από την ΕΕ και τα κράτη μέλη της να:</b></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
- ζητήσουν από την Επιτροπή να προτείνει νομοθεσία που να ενδυναμώνει τα δικαιώματα
|
||||
των καταναλωτών, απαιτώντας να έχουν τη δυνατότητα οι καταναλωτές να μπορούν να τροποποιούν και
|
||||
να ανταλάσσουν το λογισμικό σε οποιαδήποτε υπολογιστική συσκευή που αγοράζουν, ή
|
||||
διαφορετικά, που έχουν μόνιμα στην κατοχή τους</p>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
- ζητήσουν από την Επιτροπή να προτείνει νομοθεσία που να εξασφαλίζει ότι
|
||||
οι καταναλωτές μπορούν να χρησιμοποιούν ψηφιακά αγαθά τα οποία αγόρασαν,
|
||||
με την πλήρη έκταση των εξαιρέσεων και των περιορισμών της νομοθεσίας περί copyright</p>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
<sidebar promo="our-work">
|
||||
<h2>Οι πολιτικοί στόχοι μας</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/public-bodies.html">Δημόσιες υπηρεσίες</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/privacy.html">Ιδιωτικό απόρρητο, επιτήρηση και κρυπτογραφία</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Κατανεμημένα συστήματα</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</sidebar>
|
||||
|
||||
<translator>Constantine Mousafiris</translator>
|
||||
</html>
|
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<html>
|
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<version>1</version>
|
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|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Policy goals 2014 - 2019 - Consumer rights - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body class="article" microformats="h-entry">
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals.html">Policy goals 2014 - 2019</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Consumer rights and device sovereignty</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Links</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Consumer rights and device sovereignty -->
|
||||
|
||||
<p>We increasingly rely on computers for most functions of our daily
|
||||
lives, whether they are smartphones, cars, or thermostats. Citizens
|
||||
need to be in full control of how these devices operate.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>In particular, citizens need to have the freedom to modify and
|
||||
exchange the software running on these devices. They must also be
|
||||
able to control which data these devices gather, and with whom this
|
||||
data is shared.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Lawmakers must ensure that consumers have the possibility to modify
|
||||
and exchange the software on all computing devices they own. They need
|
||||
to strengthen consumer rights by giving citizens easy recourse against
|
||||
manufacturers and distributors preventing them from modifying the
|
||||
software on their devices.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>With products such as electronic books, movies and computer games,
|
||||
vendors frequently impose arbitrary restrictions on consumers. These,
|
||||
for example, prevent consumers from selling or lending the products
|
||||
they have bought. Vendors often achieve this by claiming that they are
|
||||
merely selling a license to use the product, rather than the product
|
||||
itself. Such restrictions are grossly unfair to consumers, and
|
||||
lawmakers must put a stop to them.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p><b>We want the EU and its member states to:</b></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
- ask the Commission to propose legislation strengthening consumers
|
||||
rights, by requiring that consumers must be enabled to modify and
|
||||
exchange the software on any computing device they buy or
|
||||
otherwise have permanent possession of</p>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
- ask the Commission to propose legislation to ensure that
|
||||
consumers can make use of digital goods which they have acquired
|
||||
within the full scope of copyright exceptions and limitations</p>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
<sidebar promo="our-work">
|
||||
<h2>Our policy goals</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/public-bodies.html">Public bodies</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/privacy.html">Privacy, surveillance and cryptography</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Distributed systems</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</sidebar>
|
||||
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Beleidsdoelen 2014 - 2019 - Consumentenrechten - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body class="article" microformats="h-entry">
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals.html">Beleidsdoelen 2014 - 2019</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Consumentenrechten en soevereiniteit over apparaten</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Links</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Consumer rights and device sovereignty -->
|
||||
|
||||
<p>We vertrouwen steeds meer op computers voor de meeste functies van onze dagelijkse levens,
|
||||
of het nu om smartphones, auto's of thermostaten gaat. Burgers moeten de volledige controle hebben over
|
||||
de werking van deze apparaten.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Burgers hebben in het bijzonder de vrijheid nodig om de software van deze apparaten aan te
|
||||
kunnen passen en te kunnen uitwisselen. Ze moeten ook in staat zijn om de controle te hebben over welke data
|
||||
deze apparaten verzamelen, en met wie deze data worden gedeeld.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Makers van wetten moeten zekerstellen dat consumenten de mogelijkheid hebben om de software
|
||||
op alle apparaten met computers kunnen aanpassen en uitwisselen. Ze moeten de rechten van de consument
|
||||
versterken door burgers gemakkelijk ondersteunende hulp te bieden tegen fabrikanten en distributeurs die voorkomen
|
||||
dat zij de software op hun apparaten aanpassen.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Met producten zoals elektronische boeken, films en computerspellen leggen verkopers regelmatig
|
||||
willekeurige beperkingen op aan consumenten. Voorkomen wordt bijvoorbeeld dat consumenten de producten die zij hebben gekocht verkopen of uitlenen. Verkopers bereiken dit vaak door te beweren dat ze slechts een licentie verkopen om het produkt te gebruiken, in plaats van het produkt zelf. Zulke beperkingen zijn enorm oneerlijk voor consumenten en zij die de wetten maken moeten hen stoppen.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p><b>We willen dat de EU en haar lidstaten:</b></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
- aan de Commissie vragen om wetgeving voor te stellen die consumentenrechten versterkt, door te eisen dat
|
||||
consumenten in staat moeten zijn om de software op ieder apparaat met een computer dat zij kopen of waar zij anderszinds het eigendom over hebben, moeten kunnen aanpassen en uitwisselen.</p>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
- de Commissie vragen om wetgeving voor te stellen om zeker te stellen dat consumenten gebruik kunnen maken van digitale goederen die zij hebben aangeschaft binnen het gehele bereik aan uitzonderingen en beperkingen van het auteursrecht.</p>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
<sidebar promo="our-work">
|
||||
<h2>Onze beleidsdoelen</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/public-bodies.html">Publieke lichamen</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/privacy.html">Privacy, surveillance en cryptografie</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Gedistribueerde systemen</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</sidebar>
|
||||
|
||||
<translator>André Ockers</translator>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Objectivos para 2014 - 2019 - Direitos dos consumidores - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body class="article" microformats="h-entry">
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals.html">Objectivos para 2014 - 2019</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Direitos dos consumidores e soberania sobre os dispositivos</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Ligações</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Consumer rights and device sovereignty -->
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Dependemos cada vez mais dos computadores para a maior parte das funções
|
||||
das nossas vidas diárias, como por exemplo em telemóveis, carros ou termostatos. Os
|
||||
cidadãos precisam, por isso, de ter total controlo sobre como estes aparelhos operam.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Em concreto, os cidadãos precisam de ter a liberdade de alterar e
|
||||
substituir o software que corre nos aparelhos. Também têm que ter a
|
||||
capacidade de controlar os dados que os dispositivos recolhem e com quem
|
||||
são partilhados.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Os legisladores têm que assegurar que os consumidores tenham a possibilidade
|
||||
de alterar e substituir o software em todos os dispositivos informáticos que possuam.
|
||||
Devem reforçar os direitos dos consumidores dando aos cidadãos facilidade de recurso
|
||||
contra fabricantes e distribuidores que os impedem de alterar o
|
||||
software nos seus dispositivos.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Com produtos como livros electrónicos, filmes e jogos de computador, com frequência
|
||||
os distribuidores impõem restrições arbitrárias aos consumidores.
|
||||
Por exemplo, impedem os consumidores de vender ou emprestar os produtos que
|
||||
compraram. Frequentemente, conseguem-no alegando que vendem apenas
|
||||
uma licença para uso do produto, e não o próprio produto.
|
||||
Tais restrições são extremamente injustas para os consumidores, pelo que
|
||||
os legisladores as devem impedir.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p><b>Pretendemos que a UE e os seus estados membros:</b></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
- solicitem à Comissão Europeia que proponha legislação que reforce os direitos dos
|
||||
consumidores, impondo que seja permitido aos consumidores alterar e
|
||||
substituir o software em qualquer dispositivo informático que comprem ou
|
||||
sobre o qual tenham qualquer outro direito de posse</p>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
- solicitem à Comissão Europeia que proponha legislação que assegure aos
|
||||
consumidores o poder de fazerem uso dos bens digitais que tenham adquirido,
|
||||
dentro do máximo alcance das excepções e das limitações aos direitos de autor</p>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
<sidebar promo="our-work">
|
||||
<h2>Os nossos objectivos</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/public-bodies.html">Organismos públicos</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/privacy.html">Privacidade, vigilância e criptografia</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Sistemas distribuídos</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</sidebar>
|
||||
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
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|
|
@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Πολιτικοί στόχοι 2014 - 2019 - Κατανεμημένα συστήματα - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body class="article" microformats="h-entry">
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals.html">Πολιτικοί στόχοι 2014 - 2019</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Κατανεμημένα συστήματα</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Links</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Κατανεμημένα συστήματα -->
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Το διαδίκτυο έφερε καινοτομία και δημοκρατική συμμετοχή,
|
||||
ακριβώς διότι δεν έχει κανένα κεντρικό σημείο ελέγχου. Η τάση
|
||||
προς συγκεντρωτικές υπηρεσίες θέτει σε κίνδυνο αυτό το βασικό
|
||||
πλεονέκτημα.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Για να προστατευτεί η ελευθερία των πολιτών της κοινωνίας
|
||||
των πληροφοριών,
|
||||
χρειαζόμαστε να χτίσουμε κατανεμημένα συστήματα για όλες τις σημαντικές
|
||||
λειτουργίες, με βάση το διαδίκτυο.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Οι διαμορφωτές πολιτικής πρέπει να προωθήσουν την ανάπτυξη και χρήση
|
||||
κατανεμημένων συστημάτων για την αντικατάσταση υπηρεσιών που είναι
|
||||
προς το παρόν συγκεντροποιημένες σε μεγάλο βαθμό, όπως η κοινωνική
|
||||
δικτύωση. Θα πρέπει να εξασφαλίσουν ότι διατίθενται οι
|
||||
κατάλληλες δημόσιες χρηματοδοτήσεις για την εργασία αυτή.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Οι διαμορφωτές πολιτικής πρέπει να προωθήσουν την ανάπτυξη Ανοικτών
|
||||
Προτύπων μέσω των οποίων αυτά τα συστήματα να μπορούν να αλληλεπιδρούν.
|
||||
Οι διαμορφωτές πολιτικής πρέπει να προωθούν τη χρήση αυτών των
|
||||
εργαλείων, χρησιμοποιώντας τα για τη δική τους αλληλεπίδραση με το
|
||||
κοινό και αποφεύγοντας τις συγκεντρωτικές υπηρεσίες όπου αυτό είναι
|
||||
εφικτό.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p><b>Θέλουμε από την ΕΕ και τα κράτη μέλη της να:</b></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> - ζητήσουν από τις Ευρωπαϊκές υπηρεσίες χρηματοδότησης, και ειδικότερα από την Ευρωπαϊκή
|
||||
Επιτροπή, να κατευθύνει τη χρηματοδότηση στην ανάπτυξη κατανεμημένων
|
||||
πλατφορμών για επικοινωνίες, που να βασίζονται σε Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό
|
||||
και σε Ανοικτά Πρότυπα.</p>
|
||||
<p> - ζητήσουν από τη διοίκηση του Κοινοβουλίου να υποστηρίξει τους
|
||||
Ευρωβουλευτές στο να χρησιμοποιούν συστηματικά τις κατανεμημένες πλατφόρμες,
|
||||
ειδικά στα μέσα κοινωνικής δικτύωσης.</p>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
<sidebar promo="our-work">
|
||||
<h2>Οι πολιτικοί στόχοι μας</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/public-bodies.html">Δημόσιες υπηρεσίες</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/consumer-rights.html">Δικαιώματα καταναλωτών και κυριότητα συσκευών</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/privacy.html">Ιδιωτικό απόρρητο, επιτήρηση και κρυπτογραφία</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</sidebar>
|
||||
|
||||
<translator>Constantine Mousafiris</translator>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
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|
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Policy goals 2014 - 2019 - Distributed systems - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body class="article" microformats="h-entry">
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals.html">Policy goals 2014 - 2019</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Distributed systems</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Links</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Distributed systems -->
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The internet has driven innovation and democratic participation
|
||||
precisely because it has no central point of control. The trend
|
||||
towards centralised services is endangering this fundamental
|
||||
advantage.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>In order to safeguard the freedom of the citizens of the information
|
||||
society, we need to build distributed systems for all important
|
||||
functions on top of the internet.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Policy makers should promote the development and use of distributed
|
||||
systems to replace services which are currently centralised to a high
|
||||
degree, such as social networking. They should ensure that appropriate
|
||||
public funds are allocated to this task.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Policy makers should promote the development of Open Standards through
|
||||
which such systems can interact with each other. Policy makers should
|
||||
promote the use of these tools by using them for their own
|
||||
interactions with the public, and avoid centralised services wherever
|
||||
possible.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p><b>We want the EU and its member states to:</b></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> - ask European funding agencies, and in particular the European
|
||||
Commission, to focus funding on the development of distributed
|
||||
communication platforms based on Free Software and Open Standards.</p>
|
||||
<p> - ask the Parliament's administration to support MEPs in routinely
|
||||
making use of distributed platforms, especially in social media.</p>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
<sidebar promo="our-work">
|
||||
<h2>Our policy goals</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/public-bodies.html">Public bodies</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/consumer-rights.html">Consumer rights and device sovereignty</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/privacy.html">Privacy, surveillance and cryptography</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</sidebar>
|
||||
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Beleidsdoelen 2014 - 2019 - Gedistribueerde systemen - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body class="article" microformats="h-entry">
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals.html">Beleidsdoelen 2014 - 2019</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Gedistribueerde systemen</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Links</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Distributed systems -->
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Het internet heeft innovatie en democratische participatie versterkt juist omdat zij geen centraal controlepunt kent. De trend naar meer gecentraliseerde diensten brengt dit fundamentele voordeel in gevaar.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Om de vrijheid van de burgers in de informatiesamenleving in veiligheid te brengen, is het nodig om
|
||||
gedistribueerde systemen voor alle functies te bouwen bovenop het internet.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Beleidsmakers zouden de ontwikkeling en het gebruik van gedistribueerde systemen moeten promoten zodat deze de op dit moment hooggecentraliseerde diensten zoals sociale netwerken kunnen vervangen. Zij zouden moeten zekerstellen dat juiste publieke middelen aan deze taken worden toegewezen.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Beleidsmakers zouden de ontwikkeling van Open Standaarden moeten promoten, omdat daardoor zulke systemen met elkaar tot interactie kunnen komen. Beleidsmakers zouden het gebruik van dit 'gereedschap' moeten promoten door ze zelf te gebruiken bij hun interactie met het publiek, en gecentraliseerde diensten moeten vermijden als dat mogelijk is.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p><b>We willen dat de EU en haar lidstaten:</b></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> - aan Europese financierende instellingen, in het bijzonder de Europese Commissie, vragen om de focus te leggen op het financieren van de ontwikkeling van gedistribueerde communicatieplatformen gebaseerd op Vrije Software en Open Standaarden.</p>
|
||||
<p> - aan de leiding van het Parlement te vragen om leden van het Europees Parlement te ondersteunen bij het routinematig gebruikmaken van gedistribueerde platvormen, speciaal in het geval van sociale media.</p>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
<sidebar promo="our-work">
|
||||
<h2>Onze beleidsdoelen</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/public-bodies.html">Publieke lichamen</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/consumer-rights.html">Consumentenrechten en souverein apparaatbeheer</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/privacy.html">Privacy, surveillance en cryptografie</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</sidebar>
|
||||
|
||||
<translator>André Ockers</translator>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
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||||
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|
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|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Objectivos para 2014 - 2019 - Sistemas distribuídos - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body class="article" microformats="h-entry">
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals.html">Objectivos para 2014 - 2019</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Sistemas distribuídos</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Ligações</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Distributed systems -->
|
||||
|
||||
<p>A Internet impulsionou a inovação e a participação democrática
|
||||
precisamente por não ter nenhum centro de controlo. A tendência
|
||||
para os serviços centralizados está a pôr em perigo esta vantagem
|
||||
fundamental.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Para salvaguardar a liberdade dos cidadãos da sociedade de
|
||||
informação, precisamos de construir sistemas distribuídos com base na
|
||||
Internet para todas as funções importantes.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Os governantes deveriam promover o desenvolvimento e o uso de sistemas
|
||||
distribuídos em substituição de serviços que presentemente estão altamente
|
||||
centralizados, como por exemplo a interacção pelas redes sociais. Deveriam assegurar
|
||||
que fossem atribuídos a este ensejo fundos públicos adequados.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Os governantes deveriam promover o desenvolvimento de Padrões Abertos através
|
||||
dos quais tais sistemas possam interagir uns com os outros. Os governantes deveriam
|
||||
promover o uso destas ferramentas usando-as na sua própria interacção
|
||||
com o público e evitando serviços centralizados tanto quanto
|
||||
possível.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p><b>Pretendemos que a UE e os seus estados membros:</b></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> - solicitem às agências financiadoras europeias, em particular a Comissão
|
||||
Europeia, para centrar o financiamento no desenvolvimento de plataformas
|
||||
distribuídas de comunicação baseadas em Software Livre e Padrões Abertos.</p>
|
||||
<p> - solicitem à administração do Parlamento Europeu que incentive os deputados europeus
|
||||
a fazerem uso rotineiro de plataformas distribuídas, em particular nos contactos sociais.</p>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
<sidebar promo="our-work">
|
||||
<h2>Os nossos objectivos</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/public-bodies.html">Organismos públicos</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/consumer-rights.html">Direitos dos consumidores e soberania sobre os dispositivos</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/privacy.html">Privacidade, vigilância e criptografia</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</sidebar>
|
||||
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
<!--
|
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|
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|
||||
End: ***
|
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|
|
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|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Politische Ziele 2014 - 2019 – Privatsphäre – FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body class="article" microformats="h-entry">
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals.html">Politische Ziele 2014 - 2019</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Privatsphäre, Überwachung und Kryptografie</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Links</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Privatsphäre, Überwachung und Kryptografie -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Ohne Privatsphäre und Anonymität kann es keinen demokratischen
|
||||
Diskurs geben. In einem freien Land muss es Bürgern möglich sein,
|
||||
miteinander zu sprechen, ohne Angst haben zu müssen, dass sie
|
||||
überwacht werden.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Dazu verlassen sich Bürger auf die Rechtsprechung sowie auf
|
||||
Technologie. Entscheidungsträger müssen ihre Bürger vor Überwachung
|
||||
schützen, die Entwicklung von Werkzeugen, die die Privatsphäre
|
||||
der Bürger schützt fördern, und die Nutzung dieser Werkzeuge
|
||||
anpreisen.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Angesichts der allgegenwärtigen Internetüberwachung sollten
|
||||
die Gesetzgeber Verschlüsselung in allen Ebenen der Kommunikation
|
||||
fordern und fördern. Alle öffentlichen Stellen müssen den Bürgern
|
||||
denen sie dienen die Möglichkeit anbieten, über verschlüsselte
|
||||
und sichere Kanäle zu kommunizieren.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Die Politik sollte die Entwicklung von Verschlüsselungswerkzeugen,
|
||||
die Freie Software sind, für den alltäglichen Gebrauch priorisieren
|
||||
und sicher stellen, dass öffentliche Fördergelder für diesen Zweck
|
||||
zur Verfügung gestellt werden.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p><b>Wir fordern von der EU und ihren Mitgliedsstaaten, dass: </b></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>- sie sicherstellen, dass Verschlüsselungstechnologien, die auf Freier
|
||||
Software basieren, im Parlament, der Kommission sowie im Rat
|
||||
als Standard verwendet werden.</p>
|
||||
<p>- sie die Kommission darum bitten, eine Gesetzgebung vorzuschlagen, die
|
||||
von allen öffentlichen Körperschaften fordert, den Bürgern die
|
||||
Möglichkeit anzubieten, mit ihnen über Kanäle zu kommunizieren,
|
||||
die von Verschlüsselungstechnologie abgesichert wurden.</p>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
<sidebar promo="our-work">
|
||||
<h2>Unsere politischen Ziele</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/public-bodies.html">Öffentliche Einrichtungen</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/consumer-rights.html">Verbraucherschutz und Gerätehoheit</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Verteile Systeme</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</sidebar>
|
||||
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
<!--
|
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|
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|
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|
|
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|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Πολιτικοί στόχοι 2014 - 2019 - Ιδιωτικό απόρρητο - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body class="article" microformats="h-entry">
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals.html">Πολιτικοί στόχοι 2014 - 2019</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Ιδιωτικό απόρρητο, επιτήρηση και κρυπτογραφία</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Links</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Ιδιωτικότητα, παρακολούθηση και κρυπτογράφηση -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Χωρίς ιδιωτικό απόρρητο και ανωνυμία δεν μπορεί να υπάρξει
|
||||
δημοκρατική συζήτηση. Σε μια ελεύθερη χώρα, οι πολίτες πρέπει
|
||||
να είναι σε θέση να συνομιλούν μεταξύ τους χωρίς φόβο μήπως
|
||||
κατασκοπεύονται.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Για τον λόγο αυτό, οι πολίτες βασίζονται τόσο στους κανόνες
|
||||
του νόμου, όσο και στην τεχνολογία. Οι διαμορφωτές πολιτικής
|
||||
πρέπει να προστατεύον τους πολίτες τους από την επιτήρηση,
|
||||
να διευκολύνουν την ανάπτυξη εργαλείων που προστατεύουν το ιδιωτικό
|
||||
απόρρητο των πολιτών, και να προωθούν τη χρήση τέτοιων εργαλείων.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Παρά τη διάχυτη επιτήρηση στο διαδίκτυο, οι διαμορφωτές πολιτικής
|
||||
πρέπει να προωθούν τη χρήση κρυπτογράφησης σε όλους τους τομείς της
|
||||
επικοινωνίας. Όλες οι δημόσιες υπηρεσίες πρέπει να προσφέρουν
|
||||
στους πολίτες που υπηρετούν, τα μέσα για να επικοινωνούν μέσω
|
||||
κρυπτογραφημένων και ασφαλών διαύλων.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Οι διαμορφωτές πολιτικής πρέπει να δίνουν προτεραιότητα στην
|
||||
ανάπτυξη εργαλείων κρυπτογράφησης Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού για γενική
|
||||
χρήση και να εξασφαλίζουν ότι το δημόσιο χρήμα είναι διαθέσιμο
|
||||
για το σκοπό αυτό.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p><b>Θέλουμε από την ΕΕ και τα κράτη μέλη της να:</b></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> - εξασφαλίσουν ότι οι τεχνολογίες κρυπτογράφησης με βάση το Ελεύθερο
|
||||
Λογισμικό θα χρησιμοποιούνται σε συστηματική βάση στο Ευρωκοινοβούλιο,
|
||||
καθώς και στην Επιτροπή και στο Ευρωπαϊκό Συμβούλιο.</p>
|
||||
<p> - ζητήσουν από την Επιτροπή να προτείνει νομοθεσία που να απαιτεί
|
||||
από όλες τις δημόσιες υπηρεσίες να προσφέρουν στους πολίτες την ευκαιρία
|
||||
να επικοινωνούν μαζί τους μέσω διαύλων που είναι ασφαλισμένοι
|
||||
με τεχνολογίες κρυπτογράφησης</p>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
<sidebar promo="our-work">
|
||||
<h2>Οι πολιτικοί στόχοι μας</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/public-bodies.html">Δημόσιες υπηρεσίες</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/consumer-rights.html">Δικαιώματα καταναλωτών και κυριότητα συσκευών</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Κατανεμημένα συστήματα</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</sidebar>
|
||||
|
||||
<translator>Constantine Mousafiris</translator>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
<!--
|
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|
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|
||||
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|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Policy goals 2014 - 2019 - Privacy - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body class="article" microformats="h-entry">
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals.html">Policy goals 2014 - 2019</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Privacy, surveillance and cryptography</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Links</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Privacy, surveillance and cryptography -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Without privacy and anonymity there can be no democratic
|
||||
discourse. In a free country, citizens need to be able to talk to
|
||||
each other without fear of being spied upon.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>To this end, citizens rely both on the rule of law and on
|
||||
technology. Policy makers need to protect their citizens against
|
||||
surveillance, foster the development of tools that protect citizens'
|
||||
privacy, and promote the use of such tools.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>In the face of pervasive internet surveillance, policy makers should
|
||||
promote the use of encryption in all spheres of communication. All
|
||||
public bodies must offer the citizens they serve the means to
|
||||
communicate through encrypted and secured channels.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Policy makers should prioritise the development of Free Software
|
||||
encryption tools for general use, and ensure that public funds are
|
||||
made available for this purpose.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p><b>We want the EU and its member states to:</b></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>- ensure that Free Software-based encryption technologies come into
|
||||
standard usage within the Parliament, as well as the Commission and
|
||||
the Council.</p>
|
||||
<p> - ask the Commission to propose legislation requiring all public
|
||||
bodies to offer citizens the opportunity to communicate with them
|
||||
through channels secured by encryption technologies</p>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
<sidebar promo="our-work">
|
||||
<h2>Our policy goals</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/public-bodies.html">Public bodies</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/consumer-rights.html">Consumer rights and device sovereignty</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Distributed systems</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</sidebar>
|
||||
|
||||
</html>
|
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|||
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|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Beleidsdoelen 2014 - 2019 - Privacy - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body class="article" microformats="h-entry">
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals.html">Beleidsdoelen 2014 - 2019</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Privacy, surveillance en cryptografie</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Links</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Privacy, surveillance and cryptography -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Zonder privacy en anonimiteit kan er geen democratische uitwisseling van gedachten plaatsvinden.
|
||||
In een vrij land moeten burgers in staat zijn om met elkaar te kunnen praten zonder de angst te hebben dat ze
|
||||
bespioneerd worden.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Voor dit doel vertrouwen burgers zowel op het recht als op technologie.
|
||||
Beleidsmakers moeten hun burgers beschermen tegen surveillance, de ontwikkeling aanmoedigen van
|
||||
gereedschap dat de privacy van burgers beschermt, en het gebruik van zulk gereedschap promoot.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Geconfronteerd met hardnekkige internetsurveillance zouden beleidsmakers het gebruik van
|
||||
versleuteling in alle sferen van communicatie moeten promoten. Alle publieke lichamen zouden de burgers de middelen
|
||||
moeten bieden om via versleutelde en beveiligde kanalen te communiceren.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Beleidsmakers zouden een prioriteit moeten maken van de ontwikkeling van Vrije Software-versleutelgereedschap voor algemeen gebruik, en zich ervan moeten verzekeren dat publieke middelen voor dit
|
||||
doel beschikbaar worden gemaakt.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p><b>We willen dat de EU en haar deelnemende landen:</b></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>- zich ervan verzekeren dat op Vrije Software gebaseerde versleutelingstechnologieën standaard worden gebruikt
|
||||
in het Parlement, in de Commissie en in de Raad.</p>
|
||||
<p> - de Commissie vragen om wetgeving voor te stellen die van alle publieke lichamen eist dat zij burgers de
|
||||
mogelijkheid bieden om met hen te communiceren via kanalen die beveiligd zijn door versleutelingstechnologieën</p>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
<sidebar promo="our-work">
|
||||
<h2>Onze beleidsdoelen</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/public-bodies.html">Publieke lichamen</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/consumer-rights.html">Consumentenrechten en soeverein beheer van apparaten</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Gedistribueerde systemen</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</sidebar>
|
||||
|
||||
<translator>André Ockers</translator>
|
||||
</html>
|
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|
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|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Objectivos para 2014 - 2019 - Privacidade - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body class="article" microformats="h-entry">
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals.html">Objectivos para 2014 - 2019</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Privacidade, vigilância e criptografia</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <h2>Ligações</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<alllinks/> -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Privacy, surveillance and cryptography -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Sem privacidade e anonimato não pode haver discurso
|
||||
democrático. Num país livre, os cidadãos têm que poder falar uns
|
||||
com os outros sem temerem serem espiados.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Para isso, os cidadãos dependem quer do primado da lei quer da
|
||||
tecnologia. Os governantes têm que proteger os seus cidadãos contra a
|
||||
vigilância, impulsionar o desenvolvimento de ferramentas que protejam
|
||||
a privacidade dos cidadãos e promover o uso das mesmas.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Em face da omnipresente vigilância na Internet, os governantes deveriam
|
||||
promover o uso da encriptação em todas as esferas da comunicação. Todos
|
||||
os organismos públicos devem proporcionar aos cidadãos que servem os meios de
|
||||
comunicarem através de canais encriptados e seguros.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Os governantes deveriam dar prioridade ao desenvolvimento de ferramentas
|
||||
de encriptação de uso geral em Software Livre e assegurar a
|
||||
disponibilização de fundos públicos para este fim.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p><b>Pretendemos que a UE e os seus estados membros:</b></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>- assegurem que tecnologias de encriptação baseadas em Software Livre passem a ser
|
||||
o padrão em uso no Parlamento Europeu, assim como na Comissão Europeia e
|
||||
no Conselho Europeu.</p>
|
||||
<p> - solicitem à Comissão Europeia que proponha legislação impondo a todos os organismos
|
||||
públicos que possibilitem aos cidadãos comunicarem com eles através de
|
||||
canais seguros por tecnologias de encriptação</p>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
<sidebar promo="our-work">
|
||||
<h2>Os nossos objectivos</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/public-bodies.html">Organismos públicos</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/consumer-rights.html">Direitos dos consumidores e soberania sobre os dispositivos</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Sistemas distribuídos</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</sidebar>
|
||||
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Πολιτικοί στόχοι 2014 - 2019 - Δημόσιες υπηρεσίες - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body class="article" microformats="h-entry">
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals.html">Πολιτικοί στόχοι 2014 - 2019</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Δημόσιες υπηρεσίες</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Public bodies -->
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Οι Δημόσιες υπηρεσίες αποτελούν μια κρίσιμη υποδομή των δημοκρατικών
|
||||
κρατών. Τα Κοινοβούλια, οι κρατικοί οργανισμοί και τα διοικητικά σώματα
|
||||
πρέπει να βρίσκονται υπό τον πλήρη ελεγχο του κράτους, το οποίο, με τη
|
||||
σειρά του, κυβερνάται από τους πολίτες του, μέσω δημοκρατικών
|
||||
διαδικασιών.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Για να επιτευχθούν αυτοί οι στόχοι, οι δημόσιες υπηρεσίες πρέπει να
|
||||
έχουν υπό πλήρη έλεγχο το λογισμικό και τα υπολογιστικά συστήματα που
|
||||
χρησιμοποιούν, καθώς και τα δεδομένα που συλλέγουν, αποθηκεύουν, και
|
||||
επεξεργάζονται. Για να ανταποκριθούν στις υποχρεώσεις τους προς τους
|
||||
πολίτες που υπηρετούν, οι δημόσιες υπηρεσίες πρέπει να χρησιμοποιούν
|
||||
μόνο
|
||||
<a href="/freesoftware/basics/summary.html">Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό</a>
|
||||
και να αποθηκεύουν τα δεδομένα τους σε τύπους αρχείων που
|
||||
συμμορφώνονται με τα
|
||||
<a href="/freesoftware/standards/def.en.html">Ανοικτά Πρότυπα</a>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Όπου οι δημόσιες υπηρεσίες χρησιμοποιούν Λογισμικό ως Υπηρεσία
|
||||
(Software as a Service, SaaS) ή λύσεις στο «νέφος» ("cloud"), πρέπει
|
||||
επιπλέον να αποφεύγουν τον εγκλωβισμό τους σε έναν μόνο προμηθευτή
|
||||
και να εξασφαλίσουν ότι θα μπορούν εύκολα να αλλάζουν ανάμεσα σε
|
||||
διαφορετικούς προμηθευτές τέτοιων υπηρεσιών.
|
||||
Πρέπει να εξασφαλίσουν ότι τα δεδομένα τους θα μπορούν να μεταφέρονται
|
||||
μεταξύ διαφορετικών προμηθευτών, ότι θα αποθηκεύονται σε τύπους αρχείων
|
||||
συμβατούς με τα Ανοικτά Πρότυπα, και ότι η λύση δεν θα απαιτεί
|
||||
μη-ελεύθερο λογισμικό εφαρμογών.
|
||||
Οι δημόσιες υπηρεσίες χρηματοδοτούνται μέσω των φόρων. Πρέπει να
|
||||
εξασφαλίζουν ότι δαπανούν αυτά τα χρήματα με σύνεση. Αν οι οργανισμοί
|
||||
εγκλωβιστούν σε οποιαδήποτε προσφορά συγκεκριμένου προμηθευτή,
|
||||
θα καταλήξουν να πληρώνουν μονοπωλιακές τιμές για το λογισμικό και τις
|
||||
σχετικές υπηρεσίες.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Αντίθετα, οι δημόσιες υπηρεσίες πρέπει να προμηθεύονται το λογισμικό
|
||||
τους και τις σχετικές με υπολογιστές υπηρεσίες, μόνον μέσω
|
||||
ανταγωνιστικών προκηρύξεων διαγωνισμού προμηθειών, ανοικτών σε όλους
|
||||
όσους καταθέτουν προσφορά.
|
||||
Οι δημόσιες υπηρεσίες πρέπει να προϋπολγίζουν και τα μελλοντικό κόστος
|
||||
εξόδου, μέσα στην τιμή της κάθε προσφοράς, καθώς και το κόστος των
|
||||
οποιωνδήποτε αδειών χρήσης που θα χρειαστεί να αγοράσουν, επιπλέον της
|
||||
προσφερόμενης λύσης. Θα πρέπει να αγοράζουν μόνο συσκευές στις οποίες
|
||||
θα μπορούν να τροποποιούν το λογισμικό ελεύθερα και να εγκαθιστούν
|
||||
λειτουργικά συστήματα και άλλα προγράμματα της επιλογής τους.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Όταν οι δημόσιες υπηρεσίες αναπτύσσουν λογισμικό, ή πληρώνουν
|
||||
για την ανάπτυξη λογισμικού, τα προγράμματα που προκύπτουν πρέπει
|
||||
να αποδίδονται στο ευρύ κοινό υπό μια άδεια Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού.
|
||||
Οι πολίτες και οι επιχειρήσεις έχουν πληρώσει για το λογισμικό αυτό
|
||||
με τους φόρους τους, οποτε θα πρέπει να έχουν και πρόσβαση σε αυτό.
|
||||
Αυτό περιλαμβάνει εφαρμογές για έξυπνα κινητά ("apps") που διαθέτουν
|
||||
οι δημόσιες υπηρεσίες.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p><b>Θέλουμε από την ΕΕ και τα κράτη μέλη της να:</b></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
- ζητήσουν από την Επιτροπή να προτείνει νομοθεσία που να απαιτεί ότι κάθε
|
||||
δημόσια χρηματοδοτημένο λογισμικό, περιλαμβανομένων των εφαρμογών για κινητές
|
||||
συσκευές, θα διατίθεται δημόσια υπό άδειες χρήσης Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> - σχετικά με τις προκηρύξεις προμηθειών, να ζητήσουν από την Επιτροπή
|
||||
να προτείνει νομοθεσία που να ζητά από τους δημόσιες υπηρεσίες να
|
||||
περιλαμβάνουν και το κόστος εξόδου στο συνολικό κόστος
|
||||
οποιουδήποτε λογισμικού ή λύσης φιλοξενίας που αποκτούν</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
<sidebar promo="our-work">
|
||||
<h2>Οι στόχοι των πολιτικών μας</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/consumer-rights.html">Δικαιώματα καταναλωτών και κυριότητα συσκευών</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/privacy.html">Ιδιωτικό απόρρητο, επιτήρηση και κρυπτογραφία</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Κατανεμημένα συστήματα</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</sidebar>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<translator>Constantine Mousafiris</translator>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
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|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Policy goals 2014 - 2019 - Public Bodies - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body class="article" microformats="h-entry">
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals.html">Policy goals 2014 - 2019</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Public Bodies</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Public bodies form a crucial infrastructure of democratic
|
||||
states. Parliaments, government organizations and administrative
|
||||
bodies must be fully under the control of the state, which in turn is
|
||||
governed by its citizens through democratic processes.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>In order to achieve these goals, public bodies must be in full control
|
||||
of the software and the computer systems which they use, and of the
|
||||
data which they gather, store, and process. In order to fulfill their
|
||||
obligations towards the citizens they serve, public bodies must use
|
||||
only <a href ="/freesoftware/basics/summary.en.html">Free Software</a>, and store
|
||||
their data in file formats that are compliant with <a href = "/freesoftware/standards/def.en.html">Open
|
||||
Standards</a>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Where public bodies make use of software as a service (SaaS or "cloud"
|
||||
solutions), they must additionally avoid vendor lock-in and ensure
|
||||
that they can easily switch between different providers of such
|
||||
services. They must ensure that data is portable between providers,
|
||||
that it is stored in file formats compliant with Open Standards, and
|
||||
that the solution does not require non-free (client) software.
|
||||
Public bodies are financed through taxes. They must make sure to spend
|
||||
these funds wisely. If organizations are locked into any particular
|
||||
vendor's offerings, they will end up paying monopoly prices for
|
||||
software and related services.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Instead, public bodies must procure their software and
|
||||
computer-related services only through open, competitive calls for
|
||||
tender which are open to all bidders. Public bodies must figure future
|
||||
exit costs into the price of each bid, as well as the cost of any
|
||||
licenses they would need to acquire in addition to the solution being
|
||||
offered. They should purchase only devices on which they can freely
|
||||
modify the software, and install operating systems and other programs
|
||||
of their choice.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>When public bodies develop software, or pay for software to be
|
||||
developed, the resulting programs must be released to the public under
|
||||
a Free Software license. Citizens and businesses have paid for this
|
||||
software with their taxes, so they should have access to it. This
|
||||
includes smartphone applications ("apps") released by public
|
||||
bodies.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p><b>We want the EU and its member states to:</b></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
- ask the Commission to propose legislation requiring that all
|
||||
publicly financed software, including applications for mobile
|
||||
devices, be made publicly available under Free Software licenses</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> - regarding procurement, ask the Commission to propose legislation
|
||||
requiring public bodies to include exit costs into the total cost
|
||||
of any software or hosting solution they acquire</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
<sidebar promo="our-work">
|
||||
<h2>Our policy goals</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/consumer-rights.html">Consumer rights and device sovereignty</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/privacy.html">Privacy, surveillance and cryptography</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Distributed systems</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</sidebar>
|
||||
|
||||
|
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</html>
|
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|
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|
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<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Obiettivi politici 2014 - 2019 - Enti Pubblici - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body class="article" microformats="h-entry">
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals.html">Obiettivi Politici 2014 - 2019</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Enti Pubblici</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Gli enti pubblici sono una parte fondamentale degli Stati
|
||||
democratici. I parlamenti, le organizzazioni governative e gli enti
|
||||
pubblici devono essere sotto il controllo completo dello Stato, che a sua volta è
|
||||
governato dai suoi cittadini attraverso processi democratici.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Gli enti pubblici, per raggiungere questi obiettivi, devono avere il pieno controllo
|
||||
sia del software e dei sistemi informatici che essi usano, sia dei
|
||||
dati che essi raccolgono, memorizzano, e trattano. Gli enti pubblici, per soddisfare i loro
|
||||
obblighi nei confronti dei cittadini che servono, devono usare
|
||||
solo <a href ="/freesoftware/basics/summary.html">Software Libero</a>, e memorizzare
|
||||
i propri dati in file il cui formato sia conforme con agli <a href = "/freesoftware/standards/def.html">Standard
|
||||
Aperti</a>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Laddove gli enti pubblici ricorrano a software as a service (SaaS o soluzioni
|
||||
"cloud") devono, inoltre, evitare il vendor lock-in (blocco da fornitore) e garantire
|
||||
che sia possibile passare facilmente fra i vari fornitori di tali
|
||||
servizi. Essi devono garantire che i dati siano portabili fra i fornitori,
|
||||
che i dati siano memorizzati in file il cui formato sia conforme agli Standard Aperti, e
|
||||
che le soluzioni non necessitino di software (client) non libero.
|
||||
Gli enti pubblici sono finanziati attraverso le tasse. Essi devono essere sicuri di spendere
|
||||
saggiamente questi fondi. Se le organizzazione sono bloccate (locked-in) in una qualsiasi
|
||||
offerta di un fornitore, essi finiranno col pagare prezzi di monopolio per
|
||||
il software ed i servizi correlati.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Invece, gli enti pubblici devono procurarsi il proprio software ed i
|
||||
servizi informatici solo attraverso procedure di gara libera
|
||||
che siano aperte a tutti gli offerenti. Gli enti pubblici devono preventivare nel prezzo di ogni offerta i costi
|
||||
futuri di uscita, e devono altresì preventivare i costi di qualsiasi
|
||||
altra licenza che essi dovranno necessariamente acquistare in aggiunta alla soluzione che viene
|
||||
offerta. Gli enti pubblici dovrebbero procurarsi solo dispositivi sui quali possano
|
||||
modificare liberamente il software, ed installare sistemi operativi ed altri programmi
|
||||
di loro scelta.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Quando gli enti pubblici sviluppano software, o pagano per lo sviluppo di
|
||||
software, il programma risultante deve essere rilasciato al pubblico sotto
|
||||
una licenza di Software Libero. I cittadini e le aziende hanno pagato per questo
|
||||
software con le proprie tasse, pertanto essi dovrebbero averne accesso. Ciò
|
||||
include le applicazioni per gli smartphone ("app") rilasciate dagli enti
|
||||
pubblici.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p><b>Vogliamo che la UE e i suoi membri dichiarino di:</b></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
- chiedere alla Commissione di proporre leggi che richiedano che tutto
|
||||
il software finanziato pubblicamente, incluse le applicazioni per i dispositivi
|
||||
mobili, sia reso pubblicamente disponibile sotto una licenza di Software Libero</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> - chiedere alla Commissione di proporre leggi, in relazione ai bandi di gara,
|
||||
che richiedano agli enti pubblici di includere i costi di uscita nel costo totale
|
||||
di qualunque software o soluzione di hosting che essi acquisiscano</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
<sidebar promo="our-work">
|
||||
<h2>Our policy goals</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/consumer-rights.html">Diritti dei consumatori e sovranità sui dispositivi</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/privacy.html">Privacy, sorveglianza e crittografia</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Sistemi distribuiti</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</sidebar>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<translator>Tarin Gamberini</translator>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Beleidsdoelen 2014 - 2019 - Publieke lichamen - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body class="article" microformats="h-entry">
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals.html">Beleidsdoelen 2014 - 2019</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Publieke lichamen</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Public bodies -->
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Publieke lichamen vormen een cruciale infrastructuur van democratische landen.
|
||||
Parlementen, overheidsorganisaties en administratieve lichamen moeten volledig onder de controle
|
||||
van de staat staan, die op haar beurt geregeerd wordt door haar burgers via democratische processen.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Om deze doelen te bereiken moeten publieke lichamen volledige controle hebben over de
|
||||
software en de computersystemen die zij gebruiken, en over de data die zij verzamelen, opslaan en
|
||||
verwerken. Om hun verplichtingen naar de burgers die zij dienen na te komen, moeten publieke lichamen
|
||||
alleen <a href="/freesoftware/basics/summary.en.html">Vrije Software</a> gebruiken, en hun data opslaan
|
||||
in bestandsformaten die overeenkomen met <a href="/freesoftware/standards/def.en.html">Open
|
||||
Standaarden</a>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Waar publieke lichamen gebruik maken van software als een dienst (Saas of "cloud" oplossingen),
|
||||
moeten zij daarbij verkoper lock-in voorkomen en zich ervan verzekeren dat zij gemakkelijk kunnen overstappen
|
||||
tussen verschillende aanbieders van zulke diensten. Zij moeten zekerstellen dat data overdraagbaar is tussen
|
||||
aanbieders, dat het is opgeslagen in bestandsformaten die overeenkomen met Open Standaarden, en dat de
|
||||
oplossing geen niet-vrije (client)software vereist.
|
||||
Publieke lichamen worden gefinancierd door belastingen. Zij moeten zekerstellen dat deze fondsen met wijsheid worden besteed. Als organisaties zijn gevangen in welk aanbod van enige particuliere verkoper dan ook, zullen zij uiteindelijk monopolieprijzen betalen voor software en verwante diensten.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>In plaats daarvan moeten publieke lichamen hun software en computer-gerelateerde diensten alleen
|
||||
inkopen via open, competitieve open aanbestedingen die openstaan voor alle aanbieders. Publieke lichamen
|
||||
moeten toekomstige exit-kosten meeberekenen in de prijs van elk aanbod, alswel de kosten van welke licentie dan ook die zij zouden moeten aanschaffen bij de oplossing die wordt aangeboden. Zij zouden alleen apparaten moeten kopen waarvan zij in vrijheid de software kunnen aanpassen, en waarop zij de besturingssystemen en andere programma's van hun keuze kunnen installeren.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Als publieke lichamen software ontwikkelen, of betalen voor de ontwikkeling van software, dan moeten de
|
||||
programma's die daarvan het resultaat zijn met een Vrije Software-licentie worden vrijgegeven aan het publiek. Burgers en bedrijven hebben met hun belasting betaald voor deze software, dus zij zouden toegang moeten hebben. Dit geldt ook voor smartphone-applicaties ("apps") die door publieke lichamen worden vrijgegeven.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p><b>We willen dat de EU en haar lidstaten:</b></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> - de Commissie vragen om wetgeving voor te stellen die vereist dat alle publiek gefinancierde software,
|
||||
inclusief applicaties voor mobiele apparaten, publiek beschikbaar worden gemaakt met Vrije Software licenties</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> - aangaande inkoop, de Commissie te vragen om wetgeving voor te stellen die van publieke lichamen eist dat zij exitkosten verrekenen in de totale kosten van welke software of hostingoplossing dan ook die zij inkopen</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
<sidebar promo="our-work">
|
||||
<h2>Onze beleidsdoelen</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/consumer-rights.html">Consumentenrechten en soeverein beheer over apparaten</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/privacy.html">Privacy, surveillance en cryptografie</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Gedistribueerde systemen</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</sidebar>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<translator>André Ockers</translator>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
|
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|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Objectivos para 2014 - 2019 - Organismos Públicos - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body class="article" microformats="h-entry">
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals.html">Objectivos para 2014 - 2019</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Organismos Públicos</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Os organismos públicos formam uma infraestrutura crucial dos estados
|
||||
democráticos. Parlamentos, organizações governamentais e organismos
|
||||
administrativos têm que estar sob total controlo do Estado, o qual, por sua vez,
|
||||
é governado pelos seus cidadãos através de processos democráticos.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Para alcançar estes objectivos, os organismos públicos têm que ter o controlo
|
||||
total sobre o software e sobre os sistemas informáticos que usam, assim como sobre os
|
||||
dados que recolhem, guardam e processam. Para cumprir com as suas obrigações
|
||||
perante os cidadãos que servem, os organismos públicos devem usar apenas
|
||||
<a href="/freesoftware/basics/summary.en.html">Software Livre</a> e guardar
|
||||
os seus dados em ficheiros de formatos conformes com <a href="/freesoftware/standards/def.en.html">Padrões
|
||||
Abertos</a>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Quando os organismos públicos usam serviços de software (serviços de "nuvem"),
|
||||
devem evitar o aprisionamento pelo prestador do serviço contratado e assegurar
|
||||
que podem alternar facilmente entre diferentes prestadores desses
|
||||
serviços. Devem garantir a portabilidade dos dados entre fornecedores,
|
||||
garantir a guarda dos dados em formatos conformes com os Padrões Abertos e
|
||||
garantir que essa solução não exige software (cliente) não-livre.
|
||||
Os organismos públicos são financiados através dos impostos. Devem, portanto,
|
||||
dispender os fundos criteriosamente. Se as organizações ficarem aprisionadas
|
||||
às soluções de quaisquer prestadores de serviços, acabarão por pagar preços
|
||||
monopolistas pelo software e serviços relacionados.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Em sentido inverso, os organismos públicos devem adquirir o seu software e
|
||||
serviços informáticos apenas através de concursos públicos competitivos abertos
|
||||
a qualquer licitante. Os organismos públicos devem fazer os licitantes preverem e
|
||||
incluirem os custos futuros da transferência entre prestadores nas licitações, assim
|
||||
como os custos de quaisquer licenças que os mesmos tenham que adquirir para além
|
||||
da solução oferecida. E apenas devem adquirir dispositivos cujo software possam
|
||||
alterar livremente e nos quais possam instalar sistemas operativos e outros programas
|
||||
da sua escolha.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Quando os organismos públicos desenvolvem software ou pagam o desenvolvimento
|
||||
de software, os programas resultantes devem ser tornados públicos
|
||||
sob uma licença de Software Livre. Os cidadãos e as empresas pagaram o
|
||||
software com os seus impostos, pelo que devem ter acesso ao mesmo. Isto
|
||||
inclui aplicações ("apps") para smartphones lançadas por organismos
|
||||
públicos.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p><b>Pretendemos que a UE e os seus estados membros:</b></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
- solicitem à Comissão Europeia que proponha legislação que requeira que todo o
|
||||
software financiado por fundos públicos, incluindo aplicações para dispositivos
|
||||
móveis, sejam tornados públicos sob licenças de Software Livre</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p> - no que respeita a aquisições, solicitem à Comissão Europeia que proponha legislação que
|
||||
requeira que os organismos públicos incluam os custos da transferência entre
|
||||
prestadores no custo total de qualquer software ou solução hospedeira que adquiram.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
<sidebar promo="our-work">
|
||||
<h2>Os nossos objectivos</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/consumer-rights.html">Direitos dos consumidores e soberania sobre os dispositivos</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/privacy.html">Privacidade, vigilância e criptografia</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Sistemas distribuídos</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</sidebar>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
|
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|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
|
||||
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Policy overview - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">Our work</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Policy overview - FSFE</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="introduction">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Free Software - computer programs which anyone can use, study, share, and improve - is crucial for building a free information society. Free Software powers the Internet and provides the foundation for most successful businesses in the information technology industry. Only with Free Software can users fully understand what a computer program actually does, which data it sends where, and how it generates its results. Only with Free Software we can build a society where principles such as privacy, transparency and freedom of speech are respected. That is why FSFE fights to promote Free Software at the political level.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Our Demands</h2>
|
||||
<p>FSFE works with policy makers and public bodies in Europe to enhance the rights of Free Software users and developers and to abolish barriers to Free Software. To be efficient, we defined precise policy goals on which we are going to focus until 2019:</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="subpages">Navigation</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<h3 class="center">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/public-bodies.html">Public bodies</a>
|
||||
</h3>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<h3 class="center">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Distributed systems</a>
|
||||
</h3>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<h3 class="center">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/consumer-rights.html">Consumer rights and device sovereignty</a>
|
||||
</h3>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<h3 class="center">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/privacy.html">Privacy, surveillance and cryptography</a>
|
||||
</h3>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Our Actions</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="grid-50-50">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="box first">
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>Some thematics...</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4>Procurement</h4>
|
||||
<p>Free Software is a perfect fit for the public sector. It brings efficiency to government, transparency to citizens, and competition to business. FSFE works with public bodies throughout Europe to improve public IT procurement and open up opportunities for Free Software. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4>Open Standards</h4>
|
||||
<p>Open Standards allow people to share all kinds of data freely and with perfect fidelity. They prevent lock-in and other artificial barriers to interoperability, and promote choice between vendors and technology solutions. FSFE's work on Open Standards has the goal of making sure that people find it easy to migrate to Free Software or between Free Software solutions. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4>Software Patents</h4>
|
||||
<p>Software patents are a menace to society and economy. They restrict innovation, damage businesses and put collaborative creativity in great danger. FSFE fights to keep Europe free of software patents, and works at the UN level to abolish software patents around the world. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="box">
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>...for many activities</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><strong>European Commission's Open Source Strategy</strong></li>
|
||||
<p>In 2014, the European Commission asked for proposals to help it to define its new Open Source Strategy. FSFE provided an input and welcomed cautiously the final result.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><strong>Horizon 2020</strong></li>
|
||||
<p>In 2011, FSFE participated in a European Commission's public consultation aiming to define the 2014-2020 European funding program for research in Europe. We asked for promoting research on and about Free Software and making mandatory the release of Software result as Free Software.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><strong>European Commission vs Microsoft: Interoperability Case</strong></li>
|
||||
<p>Between 2001 and 2012 the FSFE took part as a third-party in the European Commission's investigations towards Microsoft. The company was suspected of abuse of dominant position in relation with interoperability.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
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|
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
|
||||
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Përmbledhje e politikave - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">Puna jonë</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Përmbledhje e politikave - FSFE</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="introduction">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Software i Lirë - programe kompjuterike që mund t’i përdorë, studiojë, ndajë me të tjerë, dhe përmirësojë kushdo - ka një rëndësi kyçe në ndërtimin e një shoqërie të lirë informacioni. Software-i i Lirë është në themel të Internetit dhe shërben si bazë për shumicën e bizneseve më të suksesshëm në industrinë e teknologjive të informacionit. Vetëm me Software të Lirë përdoruesit kanë mundësi të kuptojnë plotësisht se ç’realizon faktikisht një program kompjuterik, ç’të dhëna dërgon dhe ku i dërgon, dhe se si i prodhon përfundimet e veta. Vetëm me Software të Lirë mund të ndërtojmë një shoqëri ku respektohen parime të tilla si privatësia, transparenca dhe liria e fjalës. Këto janë arsyet pse FSFE-ja lufton të promovojë Software-in e Lirë në nivel politik.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Kërkesat Tona</h2>
|
||||
<p>FSFE-ja punon me ligjbërës dhe organizma publikë në Europë që të thellojë të drejtat e përdoruesve dhe zhvilluesve të Software-it të Lirë dhe për të rrëzuar pengesat ndaj Software-it të Lirë. Për të qenë të efektshëm, kemi përcaktuar synime të përpikta politike me të cilat do të merremi deri në 2019-n:</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="subpages">Lëvizje</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<h3 class="center">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/public-bodies.html">Organizma publikë</a>
|
||||
</h3>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<h3 class="center">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/distributed-systems.html">Sisteme të shpërndarë</a>
|
||||
</h3>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<h3 class="center">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/consumer-rights.html">Të drejta konsumatori dhe sovranitet pajisjesh</a>
|
||||
</h3>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<h3 class="center">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy/eu/policy-goals/privacy.html">Privatësi, survejim dhe kriptografi</a>
|
||||
</h3>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Veprimet Tona</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="grid-50-50">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="box first">
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>Disa tematika...</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4>Prokurimet</h4>
|
||||
<p>Software i Lirë i shkon përsosmërisht për shtat sektorit publik. Sjell efikasitet në qeverisje, transparencë për qytetarët, dhe bizneseve konkurrencë. FSFE-ja punon me ente publikë kudo në Europë që të përmirësojë procesin e prokurimeve publike TI dhe për të hapur mundësi për Software-in e Lirë. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4>Standarde të Hapëta</h4>
|
||||
<p>Standardet e Hapëta u lejojnë njerëzve të ndajnë me njëri-tjetrin lirisht çfarëdo lloj të dhënash dhe në besim të plotë. Ata parandalojnë kyçje formatesh dhe të tjera pengesa artificiale ndaj ndërveprueshmërisë, dhe nxisin mundësinë e zgjedhjes mes tregtuesve dhe zgjidhjeve teknologjike. Puna e FSFE-së për Standardet e Hapura synon garantimin e mundësisë që njerëzit ta kenë të lehtë të migrojnë drejt Software-it të Lirë ose nga një zgjidhje Software i Lirë në një tjetër. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4>Patenta Software-i</h4>
|
||||
<p>Patentat e software-it janë një kërcënim për shoqërinë dhe ekonominë. Ato kufizojnë risitë, dëmtojnë bizneset dhe e vendosin në rrezik të madh frymën krijuese në bashkëpunim. FSFE-ja lufton për ta mbajtur Europën të lirë nga patenta software-i, dhe punon në nivel OKB-je të që të mos ketë patenta mbi software-in në botë. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="box">
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>...për shumë veprimtari</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><strong>Strategjia e Komisionit Europian Mbi Burimin e Hapur</strong></li>
|
||||
<p>Në 2014-n, Komisioni Europian ftoi të jepeshin propozime për ta ndihmuar në përcaktimin e një strategjie të re të saj të Burimit të Hapur. FSFE-ja dha të veta dhe mirëpriti me kujdes rezultatin përfundimtar.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><strong>Horizon 2020</strong></li>
|
||||
<p>Në 2011-n, FSFE-ja mori pjesë në konsultimet publike të Komisionit Europian që synonin përcaktimin e programit europian të financimeve të kërkimit në Europë për periudhën 2014-2020. Ne kërkuam nxitjen e kërkimin në dhe mbi Software-in e Lirë dhe që hedhja në qarkullim e tij të bëhet detyrimisht si Software i Lirë.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><strong>Komisioni Europian vs Microsoft-it: Çështje Ndërveprueshmërie</strong></li>
|
||||
<p>Mes viteve 2001 dhe 2012 FSFE-ja mori pjesë si palë e tretë në hetime e Komisionit Europian të Microsoft-it. Kompania dyshohej për abuzim të pozicionit mbizotërues në fushën e ndërveprueshmërisë.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
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|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>FSFE - Unsere Arbeit bei den Vereinten Nationen</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">Unsere Arbeit</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Vereinte Nationen</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<!--div id="introduction">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div-->
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<h3><a href="/activities/wipo/wipo.html">Weltorganisation für geistiges
|
||||
Eigentum (WIPO)</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Die Weltorganisation für geistiges Eigentum (WIPO) ist eines der 16
|
||||
spezialisierten Ämter innerhalb der Organisationsstruktur der
|
||||
Vereinten Nationen. Seiner Rolle entsprechend überwacht es 23
|
||||
internationale Abkommen, die verschiedene Aspekte eingeschränkter
|
||||
Monopole auf Wissen behandeln. Als Beobachter der WIPO und zusammen
|
||||
in einer globalen Koalition mit anderen Interessengruppen, die
|
||||
ähnliche Ziele verfolgen, arbeitet die FSFE daran, sie ihn eine
|
||||
"Weltorganisation für geistigen Reichtum" umzuwandeln.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<h3><a href="/activities/igf/igf.html">Internet Governance Forum</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Das Internet Governance Forum (IGF) ist ein Diskussionsforum der
|
||||
Vereinen Nationen zu globaler Politik, das als Ergebnis der UN
|
||||
Weltgipfels zur Informationsgesellschaft (WSIS) entstand. Die FSFE
|
||||
beobachtete das IGF um sicherzustellen, dass die politischen
|
||||
Diskussionen nicht digitale Freiheit im Allgemeinen oder Freie
|
||||
Software im Besonderen gefährden.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Abgeschlossene Projekte</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/mankind/mankind.html">Klassifikation der Freien
|
||||
Software als immaterielles Weltkulturerbe</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/wsis/wsis.html">Weltgipfel zur
|
||||
Informationsgesellschaft (WSIS)</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2><a href="/activities/wipo/wiwo.html">Auf dem Weg zur Weltorganisation für
|
||||
geistigen Reichtum </a></h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Wir befürworten und unterstützen die Genfer Deklaration und laden ihre
|
||||
Entwickler, Unterzeichner und die Vereinten Nationen dazu ein, zum
|
||||
jetzigen Zeitpunkt nicht nur darüber nachzudenken, welche Rolle der WIPO
|
||||
zukommen sollte, sondern stattdessen darüber nachzudenken, welche
|
||||
Organisation wir an ihrer Stelle benötigen.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 style="clear:both">Dokumente und Publikationen</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/igf/sovsoft.de.html">Souveräne Software -
|
||||
Offene Standards, Freie Software und das Internet</a></b>
|
||||
(2006-10-30)<br /> Softwarefragen sind Machtfragen und sie beeinflussen
|
||||
die Gesellschaften, in der wir leben, grundlegend. Auch denjenigen, die
|
||||
bislang nicht Themen zu digitaler Politik verfolgten, wurde das durch
|
||||
den <a href="/activities/wsis/index.de.html">Weltgipfel der Vereinten
|
||||
Nationen zur Informationsgesellschaft (WSIS)</a> zunehmend klar. Zwei
|
||||
Grundfragen charakterisieren die Hauptstreitpunkte hierbei: Wer
|
||||
kontrolliert Ihre Daten? Wer kontrolliert Ihren Computer?
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/wsis/wsis-and-software.de.html">WSIS und die Herausforderung durch Software</a></b> (2005-11-15)<br />
|
||||
Ein Artikel von <a href="/about/people/greve/index.de.html">Georg Greve</a> zur Rolle der Freien Software
|
||||
in der digitalen Welt und der Beteiligung der FSFE am
|
||||
<a href="/activities/wsis/index.en.html">Weltgipfel zur Informationsgesellschaft</a>
|
||||
(WSIS).
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
<translator>Andreas Aubele</translator>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
|
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|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Η εργασία μας στα Ηνωμένα Έθνη - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">Η εργασία μας</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Ηνωμένα Έθνη</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<!--div id="introduction">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div-->
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<h3><a href="/activities/wipo/wipo.html">World Intellectual Property Organization</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Ο Παγκόσμιος Οργανισμός Πνευματικής Ιδιοκτησίας (WIPO) είναι μία από τις
|
||||
16 εξειδικευμένες υπηρεσίες του συστήματος των οργανισμών των Ηνωμένων Εθνών.
|
||||
Ο ρόλος του είναι να διαχειρίζεται 23 διεθνείς συνθήκες που αντιμετωπίζουν διάφορες
|
||||
πτυχές των περιοριστικών μονοπωλίων στη γνώση.. Ως παρατηρητής στον WIPO και με
|
||||
έναν διεθνή συνασπισμό άλλων συμμετεχόντων με παρόμοιους στόχους, το FSFE
|
||||
εργάζεται για τον μετασχηματισμό του σε έναν "Παγκόσμιο Οργανισμό Διανοητικού Πλούτου"
|
||||
("World Intellectual Wealth Organisation").
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<h3><a href="/activities/igf/igf.html">Internet Governance Forum</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Το Forum Διακυβέρνησης Διαδικτύου (IGF) είναι ένα forum διαλόγου για τη διεθνή πολιτική
|
||||
του ΟΗΕ, που έχει συσταθεί ως το αποτέλεσμα της Παγκόσμιας Συνόδου Κορυφής των Ηνωμένων Εθνών
|
||||
για την Κοινωνία της Πληροφορίας (UN World Summit on the Information Society, WSIS).
|
||||
Το FSFE παρακολουθεί το IGF για να διασφαλίσει ότι οι διάλογοι για πολιτικές δεν θα
|
||||
απειλήσουν την ψηφιακή ελευθερία γενικά και το Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό ειδικότερα.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Ολοκληρωμένα Προγράμματα</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/mankind/mankind.html">Ταξινόμηση του Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού ως άυλη παγκόσμια
|
||||
πολιτιστική κληρονομιά</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/wsis/wsis.html">Παγκόσμια Σύνοδος Κορυφής για την Κοινωνία της Πληροφορίας (WSIS)</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2><a href="/activities/wipo/wiwo.html">Προς έναν Παγκόσμιο Οργανισμό Διανοητικού Πλούτου</a></h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Επιδοκιμάζουμε και υποστηρίζουμε τη Διακήρυξη της Γενεύης, και καλούμε τους συντάκτες των σχεδίων,
|
||||
τους συνυπογράφοντες και τον ΟΗΕ να αρχίσουν να σκέπτονται τώρα όχι μόνο ποιος θα πρέπει να είναι ο
|
||||
ρόλος του WIPO, αλλά με τι είδους οργανισμό απαιτείται να τον αντικαταστήσουμε.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 style="clear:both">Έγγραφα και Δημοσιεύσεις</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/igf/sovsoft.html">Λογισμικό Κυριαρχικών Δικαιωμάτων -
|
||||
Ανοιχτά Πρότυπα, Ελεύθερο Λογισμικό και το Διαδίκτυο</a></b> (2006-10-30)<br />
|
||||
Τα ζητήματα του Λογισμικού είναι ζητήματα ισχύος και διαμορφώνουν σε θεμελιακή βάση
|
||||
τις κοινωνίες στις οποίες ζούμε. Ακόμα και για όσους δεν είχαν παρακολουθήσει
|
||||
τα ζητήματα ψηφιακής πολιτικής στο παρελθόν, αυτή η παρατήρηση αναδύθηκε ως προφανής στην
|
||||
<a href="/activities/wsis/index.html">Παγκόσμια Σύνοδο Κορυφής των Ηνωμένων Εθνών
|
||||
για την Κοινωνία της Πληροφορίας (WSIS)</a>. Δύο θεμελιακά ερωτήματα χαρακτηρίζουν
|
||||
αυτό το πεδίο μάχης: Ποιος ελέγχει τα δεδομένα σας; Ποιος ελέγχει τον ηλεκτρονικό υπολογιστή σας;
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/wsis/wsis-and-software.html">Η WSIS και η Πρόκληση του Λογισμικού</a></b>
|
||||
(2005-11-15)<br />
|
||||
Άρθρο από τον <a href="/about/people/greve/index.html">Georg Greve</a> για το ρόλο του Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού
|
||||
στον ψηφιακό κόσμο και την ανάμειξη του FSFE στην
|
||||
<a href="/activities/wsis/index.html">Παγκόσμια Σύνοδο Κορυφής για την Κοινωνία της Πληροφορίας</a> (WSIS).
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
|
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|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Our Work at the United Nations - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">Our Work</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>United Nations</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<!--div id="introduction">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div-->
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<h3><a href="/activities/wipo/wipo.html">World Intellectual Property Organization</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is one of the 16
|
||||
specialized agencies of the United Nations system of organisations.
|
||||
Its role is administrating 23 international treaties dealing with
|
||||
different aspects of limited monopolies on knowledge. As an observer
|
||||
to WIPO and together with a global coalition of other players with
|
||||
similar goals, FSFE is working towards reshaping it as a "World
|
||||
Intellectual Wealth Organisation."
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<h3><a href="/activities/igf/igf.html">Internet Governance Forum</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The Internet Governance Forum (IGF) is a global policy discussion
|
||||
forum of the United Nations, established as an outcome of the UN World
|
||||
Summit on the Information Society (WSIS). FSFE is following the IGF to
|
||||
ensure that policy discussions will not endanger digital freedom in
|
||||
general and Free Software in particular.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Finished Projects</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/mankind/mankind.html">Classification of Free Software as an intangible world cultural heritage</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/wsis/wsis.html">World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2><a href="/activities/wipo/wiwo.html">Towards a World Intellectual Wealth Organization</a></h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
We endorse and support the Geneva Declaration, and invite its drafters,
|
||||
signatories, and the United Nations to start thinking now not only about
|
||||
what the role of WIPO should be, but rather what kind of organisation we
|
||||
need in its place.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 style="clear:both">Documents and Publications</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/igf/sovsoft.en.html">Sovereign Software -
|
||||
Open Standards, Free Software, and the Internet</a></b> (2006-10-30)<br />
|
||||
Software issues are issues of power and fundamentally shape the societies
|
||||
we are living in. Even to those who had not followed digital policy issues
|
||||
before this became increasingly evident throughout the <a
|
||||
href="/activities/wsis/index.en.html">United Nations World Summit on the
|
||||
Information Society (WSIS)</a>. Two fundamental questions characterise
|
||||
this battlefield: Who controls your data? Who controls your computer?
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/wsis/wsis-and-software.en.html">WSIS and the Software Challenge</a></b> (2005-11-15)<br />
|
||||
Article by <a href="/about/people/greve/index.en.html">Georg Greve</a> about the role of Free
|
||||
Software in the digital world and FSFE's involvement in the
|
||||
<a href="/activities/wsis/index.en.html">World Summit on the Information Society</a>
|
||||
(WSIS).
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
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|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Nuestra acción en las Naciones Unidas - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">Nuestra acción</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Naciones Unidas </h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<!--div id="introduction">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div-->
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<h3><a href="/activities/wipo/wipo.html">Organización Mundial de la Propiedad Intelectual</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
La Organización Mundial de la Propiedad Intelectual (OMPI) es una de las 16 agencias especializadas del sistema de organizaciones de las Naciones Unidas. Su papel consiste en administrar 23 tratados internacionales respeto a varios aspectos de los monopolios limitadores sobre el saber. En calidad de observador en la OMPI, la FSFE trabaja conjuntamente con una coalición de otros actores que tienen objetivos similares para convertir esta organización en una "Organización Mundial de la Riqueza Intelectual "
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<h3><a href="/activities/igf/igf.html">Forum del Gobierno Internet</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
El Forum del Gobierno Internet (IGF) es un foro global de discusión de las políticas de las Naciones Unidas, establecido despues de la Cumbre de las Naciones Unidas sobre la Sociedad de la Información (WSIS). La FSFE sigue este foro para asegurarse de que las discusiones políticas no amenacen las libertades en Internet en el caso general y en el Software Libre en particular.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Proyectos terminados</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/mankind/mankind.html">Clasificación del Software Libre como patrimonio cultural de la humanidad [en inglés]</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/wsis/wsis.es.html">Cumbre de las Naciones Unidas sobre la Sociedad de la Información (CMSI)</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2><a href="/activities/wipo/wiwo.es.html">"Hacia una
|
||||
"Organización Mundial de la Riqueza Intelectual"</a></h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Apoyamos la Declaración de Génova e invitamos a sus redactores y firmantes, así como a las Naciones Unidas, a que no sólo intenten definir qué papel debiera cumplir la OMPI, sino también qué tipo de organización necesitamos en lugar de la OMPI.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 style="clear:both">Documentos y Publicaciones</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/igf/sovsoft..html">Soberanía del software -
|
||||
Estándares abiertos, Software Libre, e Internet</a></b> (2006-10-30) [en inglés]<br />
|
||||
Las cuestiones del software son cuestiones de poder que determinan profundamente las sociedades en las cuales vivimos. Eso es ahora evidente incluso para aquellos que no seguían las politicas digitales antes de que la <a
|
||||
href="/activities/wsis/index.es.html">Cumbre de las Naciones Unidas sobre la Sociedad de la Información (CMSI)</a> las revelase. Dos cuestiones caracterizan el campo de batalla : ¿Quién controla sus datos? ¿Quién controla su ordenador?
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/wsis/wsis-and-software.en.html">CMSI y el Challenge software</a></b> (2005-11-15) [en inglés]<br />
|
||||
Artículo de <a href="/about/people/greve/index.en.html">Georg Greve</a> sobre el papel del Software Libre en el mundo digital y la dedicación de la FSFE en la <a href="/activities/wsis/index.en.html">Cumbre de las Naciones Unidas sobre la Sociedad de Información</a>
|
||||
(CMSI).
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
<translator>maelle</translator>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
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|
|
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|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Notre action auprès des Nations Unies - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">Notre action</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Nations Unies </h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<!--div id="introduction">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div-->
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<h3><a href="/activities/wipo/wipo.html">Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
L'Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle (OMPI) est l'une des 16 agences spécialisées des Nations Unies. Son rôle est d'administrer 23 traités internationaux ayant trait à différents aspects des monopoles limités sur la connaissance. En tant qu'observateur à l'OMPI, la FSFE travaille conjointement avec une coalition globale d'acteurs ayant pour objectifs de remodeler l'OMPI en une « Organisation de la richesse intellectuelle ».
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<h3><a href="/activities/igf/igf.html">Forum de la Gouvernance Internet</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Le Forum de la gouvernance Internet (IGF) est un forum global de discussion des politiques des Nations Unies, établi à la suite du sommet des Nations Unies sur la société d'informations (WSIS). La FSFE suit le Forum de la gouvernance Internet pour s'assurer que les discussions politiques ne mettent pas en danger les libertés numériques en général et les logiciels libres en particulier.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Projets terminés</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/mankind/mankind.html">Classement des logiciels libres comme patrimoine de l'humanité</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/wsis/wsis.html">Sommet des Nations Unies sur la société d'informations (WSIS)</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2><a href="/activities/wipo/wiwo.fr.html">Vers une
|
||||
« Organisation Mondiale de la Richesse Intellectuelle »</a></h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Nous soutenons la déclaration de Genève et invitons ses rédacteurs et signataires ainsi que les Nations Unies à ne pas seulement tenter de définir quel rôle devrait être celui de l'OMPI, mais plutôt à penser à quel genre d'organisation nous avons besoin à la place.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 style="clear:both">Documents et publications</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/igf/sovsoft.html">Souveraineté logicielle -
|
||||
Standards ouverts, Logiciel Libre, et Internet</a></b> (2006-10-30)<br />
|
||||
Les questions des logiciels sont des questions de pouvoir qui déterminent fondamentalement les sociétés dans lesquelles nous vivons. Cela est devenu évident, même pour ceux qui n'ont pas suivi les questions de politique numérique avant que le <a
|
||||
href="/activities/wsis/">Sommet des Nations Unies sur la société d'informations (WSIS)</a> ne le mettent à jour. Deux questions fondaentales caractérisent le champ de bataille : qui contrôle vos données ? Qui contrôle votre ordinateur ?
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/wsis/wsis-and-software.html">WSIS et le Challenge logiciel</a></b> (2005-11-15)<br />
|
||||
Article de <a href="/about/people/greve/index.html">Georg Greve</a> sur le rôle des logiciels libres dans le monde numérique et l'engagement de la FSFE dans le
|
||||
<a href="/activities/wsis/index.html">Sommet des Nations Unies sur la société de l'information</a>
|
||||
(WSIS).
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
<translator>Maëlle Costa, Hugo Roy, Jil Larner (Mont Blanc, France)</translator>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
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|
||||
mode: xml ***
|
||||
End: ***
|
||||
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|
|
@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Ons werk bij de Verenigde Naties - FSFE</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">Ons werk</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>Verenigde Naties</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<!--div id="introduction">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div-->
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<h3><a href="/activities/wipo/wipo.html">Wereld Intellectueel Eigendom-organisatie ("World Intellectual Property Organization")</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
De Wereld Intellectueel Eigendom Organisatie ("World Intellectual Property Organization" of WIPO) is
|
||||
een van de 16 gespecialiseerde agentschappen in het organisatiesysteem van de Verenigde Naties.
|
||||
Haar rol is het om 23 internationale verdragen te beheren die te maken hebben met verschillende aspecten
|
||||
van beperkte monopolies van kennis. FSFE is een observant bij WIPO en werkt mee in een wereldwijde
|
||||
coalitie van andere spelers met vergelijkbare doelen aan het opnieuw vormgeven van WIPO als een
|
||||
Wereldorganisatie voor de Intellectuele Rijkdom ("World Intellectual Wealth Organisation").
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<h3><a href="/activities/igf/igf.html">Internet Governance Forum</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Het Internet Governance Forum (IGF) is een wereldwijd beleidsdiscussieforum
|
||||
van de Verenigde Naties, opgericht naar aanleiding van de Wereldtop van de Verenigde
|
||||
Naties over de informatiesamenleving (WSIS). FSFE volgt het IGF om zeker te stellen dat
|
||||
beleidsdiscussies geen bedreiging zullen vormen voor digitale vrijheid in het algemeen en
|
||||
Vrije Software in het bijzonder.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Beëindigde projecten</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/mankind/mankind.html">Classificatie van Vrije Software als een ontastbaar wereld cultureel erfgoed</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/wsis/wsis.html">Wereldtop over de informatiesamenleving (WSIS)</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2><a href="/activities/wipo/wiwo.html">Naar een Wereldorganisatie voor de Intellectuele
|
||||
Rijkdom (WIPO)</a></h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
We onderschrijven en steunen de Verklaring van Genève, en nodigen haar opstellers, ondertekenaren en
|
||||
de Verenigde Naties uit om niet alleen na te denken over wat de rol van een WIPO zou moeten zijn, maar ook
|
||||
over wat voor soort organisatie we in haar plaats nodig hebben.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 style="clear:both">Documenten en publicaties</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/igf/sovsoft.en.html">Soevereine Software -
|
||||
Open Standaarden, Vrije Software en het internet ("Sovereign Software -
|
||||
Open Standards, Free Software, and the Internet")</a></b> (2006-10-30)<br/>
|
||||
Software als onderwerp gaat over macht en vormt op fundamenteel niveau de samenlevingen waarin
|
||||
we leven. Zelfs voor hen die voorheen de digitale beleidsonderwerpen niet hebben gevolgd is dit
|
||||
in toenemende mate duidelijk geworden via de <a href="/activities/wsis/index.en.html">Wereldtop
|
||||
van de Verenigde Naties over de informatiesamenleving (WSIS)</a>. Twee fundamentele vragen karakteriseren
|
||||
dit slagveld: wie controleert uw data? wie controleert uw computer?
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p><b><a href="/activities/wsis/wsis-and-software.en.html">WSIS en de software-uitdaging</a></b> (2005-11-15)<br/>
|
||||
Artikel door <a href="/about/people/greve/index.en.html">Georg Greve</a> over de rol van Vrije
|
||||
Software in de digitale wereld en FSFE's betrokkenheid bij de
|
||||
<a href="/activities/wsis/index.en.html">Wereldtop over de informatiesamenleving</a>
|
||||
(WSIS).
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
<translator>André Ockers</translator>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
|
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|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<version>1</version>
|
||||
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>Деятельность ЕФСПО на уровне ООН – ЕФСПО</title>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category"><a href="/activities/activities.html">Деятельность ЕФСПО</a></p>
|
||||
<h1>ООН</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<!--div id="introduction">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div-->
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<h3><a href="/activities/wipo/wipo.html">Всемирная организация
|
||||
интеллектуальной собственности</a></h3> <p>Всемирная Организация
|
||||
Интеллектуальной Собственности (ВОИС) — одно из 16 специализированных
|
||||
учреждений Организации Объединенных Наций. В функции ВОИС входит
|
||||
администрирование 23 международных соглашений, касающихся различных
|
||||
сторон ограниченной монополии на знания. Европейский фонд свободного
|
||||
программного обеспечения присутствует на заседаниях ВОИС в качестве
|
||||
наблюдателя и вместе с рядом других организаций стремится реформировать
|
||||
ВОИС во «Всемирную организацию интеллектуального богатства».</p></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><h3><a href="/activities/igf/igf.html">Форум по вопросам
|
||||
управления Интернетом</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Форум по вопросам управления Интернетом — международный форум
|
||||
при ООН, в рамках которого ведется обсуждение различных вопросов
|
||||
политики управления сетью Интернет всеми заинтересованными сторонами.
|
||||
Форум создан как результат Всемирной встречи по вопросам информационного
|
||||
общества. Европейский фонд свободного программного обеспечения наблюдает
|
||||
за работой форума, чтобы не допустить негативных последствий для свободы
|
||||
в сфере цифровой техники вообще и для свободного программного
|
||||
обеспечения в частности.</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Завершенные проекты</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/mankind/mankind.html">Присвоение свободным
|
||||
программам статуса нематериального культурного наследия</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="/activities/wsis/wsis.html">Всемирная встреча по
|
||||
вопросам информационного общества</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2><a href="/activities/wipo/wiwo.html">Навстречу Всемирной организации
|
||||
интеллектуального богатства</a></h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>ЕФСПО поддерживает Женевскую декларацию и предлагает ее создателям,
|
||||
подписавшимся сторонам и ООН начать не просто пересматривать роль
|
||||
Всемирной организации интеллектуальной собственности, но и задуматься
|
||||
над тем, какая организация должна прийти ей на смену.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 style="clear:both">Документы и публикации</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><p><strong><a href="/activities/igf/sovsoft.html">
|
||||
Независимое программное обеспечение — открытые стандарты, свободные
|
||||
программы и Интернет</a></strong> (2006-10-30)<br />
|
||||
Вопросы, связанные с программным обеспечением — это вопросы власти,
|
||||
от которых зависит облик обществ, в которых мы живем. После Всемирной
|
||||
встречи ООН по вопросам информационного общества это стало очевидно даже
|
||||
тем, кто не следил за спорами вокруг цифровых аспектов политики.
|
||||
На повестке дня два фундаментальных вопроса: «кто управляет вашими
|
||||
данными?» и «кто управляет вашим компьютером?»</p></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><p><strong><a href="/activities/wsis/wsis-and-software.en.html">
|
||||
Всемирная встреча ООН по вопросам информационного общества и проблемы
|
||||
программного обеспечения</a></strong> (2005-11-15)<br />
|
||||
Статья <a href="/about/people/greve/index.html">Георга Греве</a> о роли
|
||||
свободного программного обеспечения в цифровую эпоху и участии ЕФСПО
|
||||
в работе <a href="/activities/wsis/index.html"> Всемирной встречи
|
||||
по вопросам информационного общества</a>.
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
|
|||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">United Nations</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h1>Statement by Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE) </h1>
|
||||
<h4>Inter-sessional, inter-governmental meeting on a development agenda for WIPO (Geneva, 11-13 April 2005)</h4>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
|
|||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">United Nations</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h1>Statement by Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE) </h1>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
|
|||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">United Nations</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h1>Statement by Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE) </h1>
|
||||
<h4>SECOND INTER-SESSIONAL, INTER-GOVERNMENTAL
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
|
|||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">United Nations</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h1>STATEMENT BY THE UNITED NATIONS WORLD SUMMIT ON THE INFORMATION SOCIETY (WSIS)
|
||||
PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS AND TRADEMARKS (PCT) WORKING GROUP OF CIVIL SOCIETY</h1>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">United Nations</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h1>Statement of the Free Software Foundations towards the 2005 WIPO general assemblies</h1>
|
||||
<h2 align="center">Free Software Foundation Europe</h2>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">Nations Unies</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h1>Rapport des Free Software Foundations au sujet de l'Assemblée Générale du WIPO 2005</h1>
|
||||
<h2 align="center">Free Software Foundation Europe</h2>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">United Nations</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h1>Verklaring van de Free Software Foundations voor de algemene vergadering van WIPO in 2005</h1>
|
||||
<h2 align="center">Free Software Foundation Europe</h2>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
|
|||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">Ηνωμένα Έθνη</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h1>Δήλωση από το Ευρωπαϊκό Ίδρυμα Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού (FSFE) </h1>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
|
|||
[ <a href="statement-20060223.en.pdf">PDF Version (66k)</a> ]
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">United Nations</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h1>Statement by Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE) </h1>
|
||||
<h4>FIRST SESSION OF THE PROVISIONAL COMMITTEE ON PROPOSALS RELATED TO A WIPO DEVELOPMENT AGENDA (Geneva, 20-24 February 2006)</h4>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">United Nations</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h1>ΔΗΛΩΣΗ ΑΠΟ ΤΟ ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΟ ΙΔΡΥΜΑ ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΟΥ ΛΟΓΙΣΜΙΚΟΥ (FSFE)</h1>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">United Nations</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h1>Statement by Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE) </h1>
|
||||
<h4>SECOND SESSION OF THE PROVISIONAL COMMITTEE ON PROPOSALS RELATED TO A WIPO DEVELOPMENT AGENDA (Geneva, 26-30 June 2006)</h4>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">United Nations</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">United Nations</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
|
|||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">United Nations</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h1>Intervention der Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE)</h1>
|
||||
<h4>Konferenzen der WIPO-Mitgliedstaaten 43. Generalversammlung, Genf, 24. September - 3. Oktober 2007</h4>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
|
|||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">United Nations</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4>Συνελεύσεις των Κρατών Μελών του WIPO Τεσσαρακοστή-Τρίτη Σειρά Συναντήσεων, Γενεύη, 24 Σεπτεμβρίου - 3 Οκτωβρίου 2007</h4>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
|
|||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">United Nations</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h1>Intervention by Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE)</h1>
|
||||
<h4>Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO Forty-Third Series of Meetings, Geneva, 24 September – 3 October 2007</h4>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
|
|||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">United Nations</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h1>Intervento della Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE)</h1>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
|
|||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">United Nations</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h1>Vergadering van de lidstaten van WIPO</h1>
|
||||
<h4>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">United Nations</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h1>First statement of the FSFE to WIPO SCP/13</h1>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">United Nations</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h1>Second statement of the FSFE to WIPO SCP/13</h1>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">United Nations</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h1>Third statement of the FSFE to WIPO SCP/13</h1>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">Ηνωμένα Έθνη</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h1>Η προφορική παρέμβαση του FSFE στην CDIP/3
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">United Nations</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h1>FSFE's written submission to the CDIP/3 on ICTs and the Digital Divide</h1>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">Ηνωμένα Έθνη</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h1>Η γραπτή παρέμβαση του FSFE στην CDIP/3
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">United Nations</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h1>FSFE's written submission to the CDIP/3 on ICTs and the Digital Divide</h1>
|
||||
<h4>Third Committee on Development and Intellectual Property (CDIP), Geneva, 27 April - 1 May 2009</h4>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
|
|||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">Ηνωμένα Έθνη</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h1>Γραπτή παρέμβαση του FSFE στην CDIP/3 για τις ICT και το Ψηφιακό Χάσμα</h1>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<p id="category">
|
||||
<a href="/activities/un/">United Nations</a> / <a href="/activities/wipo/">WIPO</a>
|
||||
<a href="/activities/policy.html">WIPO</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h1>FSFE's written intervention to the CDIP/3 on ICTs and the Digital Divide</h1>
|
||||
<h2>3rd Committee on Development and Intellectual Property (CDIP), Geneva, 27 April - 1 May 2009</h2>
|
||||
|
|
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Loading…
Reference in New Issue