<p>Please note: If you are new to the topic and this is the first time you are planning to install a new operating system on your device, be careful! Don't rush. Some steps are quite technical. Take your time to understand what you are doing. Do the necessary preparations and research for your particular device in advance. And remember that you are not alone! There is plenty of information and help available from diverse communitites. Online and offline. Also, we run <ahref="">workshops</a> to help you with it. </p>
<p>Please note: If you are new to the topic and this is the first time you are planning to install a new operating system on your device, be careful! Don't rush. Some steps are quite technical. Take your time to understand what you are doing. Do the necessary preparations and research for your particular device in advance. And remember that you are not alone! There is plenty of information and help available from diverse communities. Online and offline. These can be communities surrounding particular custom ROMs as well as general ones surrounding phone flashing. Or you ask your local Free Software user group or you repair café to get help. Also, we run <ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/workshops.html">workshops</a> to help you with it. </p>
<h2class="painted">How does it work?</h2>
<p>To get back full control of your device and to extend its usage lifetime, you can install a Free Software operating system. Installing an operating system on an Android device is called "flashing". And a Free Software alternative systems based on the original Android operating system is called "custom ROM".</p>
<p>Every time a new Android version is published there are multiple companies and communities who take the release code and re-publish it in a modified versions as custom ROMs. This is possible because large parts of the Android operating system - excluding third party apps, the G-Suite and some core libraries - are already Free Software. In practice, these custom ROMs usually ship a full Android-experience but without the Google dependencies and Google's proprietary software. And without other proprietary third-party apps that you might be used to see pre-installed when buying a new phone. Meaning they actually come more lightweight and slim.</p>
<p>Every time a new Android version is published there are multiple companies and communities who take the release code and re-publish it in a modified versions as custom ROMs. This is possible because large parts of the Android operating system - excluding third party apps, the G-Suite and some core libraries - are already Free Software. In practice, these custom ROMs usually ship a full Android-experience but without the dependencies on Google's or other company's proprietary software. And without other proprietary third-party apps that you might be used to see pre-installed when buying a new phone. Meaning they actually come more lightweight and slim.</p>
@ -59,23 +59,23 @@
<p>To be able to install a custom ROM, you sometimes need to unlock the bootloader of your device. The bootloader is an underlying software level on top of which you install the operating system. Some phones are easy to unlock the bootloader, others are not. Some custom ROMs can be installed without unlocking the bootloader, others not. Please note that we cannot offer you online or remote help with this process. But you are welcome to participate in one of <ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/workshops.html">our workshops</a>. </p>
<p>Be aware that manufacturers often like to scare you away from flashing your phone by claiming that you void your warranty. <ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/legal.html">Following the analysis of the FSFE's legal experts</a> this is however not true.</p>
<p>Be aware that manufacturers often like to scare you away from flashing your phone by claiming that you void your warranty. <ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/is-flashing-legal.html">Following the analysis of the FSFE's legal experts</a> this is however not true.</p>
<p>If you are currently in need to buy a new phone it is recommendable to choose your phone also based on its easiness for future upcycling. Not only do you make yourself a more easy time but also do you support more open phones with your choice. As a general note meanwhile there are alo several phones that come with a custom ROM pre-installed. This is of course the easiest option since they took away all the burden already and offer you an easy-to-use experience. </p>
<h2class="painted">Discovering the world of free software</h2>
<h2class="painted">Discovering the world of Free Software</h2>
<p><strong>Free Software is what runs most part of our digital infrastructure, and our devices.</strong> The Internet heavily relies on the innovations and accessibility of Free Software. And during the last decade it also became of ever growing importance and availability on your phone.</p>
<p>Free Software comes with a lot of benefits. Free Software is available and can be used studied, shared and improved by anyone at anytime. No restrictions involved. This is one of its core characteristics that also help to extend usage lifetime of electronic devices - as outlined in our study . And Free Software is also <ahref="/activities/android/android.html">good for your privacy</a>. It helps you to keep control over your data. And, as you can see on this page, it also helps you to reduce ewaste and to upcycle your phone.</p>
<p>Free Software comes with a lot of benefits. Free Software is available and can be used studied, shared and improved by anyone at anytime. No restrictions involved. This is one of its core characteristics that also help to extend usage lifetime of electronic devices - as outlined in our study . And Free Software is also <ahref="/activities/android/android.html">good for your privacy</a>. It helps you to keep control over your data. And, as you can see on this page, it also helps you to reduce e-waste and to upcycle your phone.</p>
<p>After upcycling your phone and installing a Free Software operating system on it you have the choice to manually post-install the Google software and libraries and be exposed to data exploitation once again - or to keep control over your software and data and use your phone with as many Free Software apps as possible. For many users, upcycling their phones are just the beginning of a long journey into a world full of Free Software. </p>
<p>After upcycling your phone and installing a Free Software operating system on it you have the choice to manually post-install any other Android software on the phone, including proprietary software that might effect your freedom and privacy. For example could you re-install the Google software and libraries again. But you do not have to! <strong>Keep control over your software and data and use your phone with as many Free Software apps as possible.</strong> For many users, upcycling their phones are just the beginning of a long journey into a world full of Free Software. </p>
<p>Any proprietary app that you can replace with a Free Software one is an important step towards a more sustainable digital environment. Because any Free Software app you download and install will attract developers on the other hand to invest more resources in further development of the app. And any proprietary app that is replaced with a Free Software app is one step out of the dilemma of software obsolescence - as outlined in our study <ahref="/freesoftware/sustainability/sustainability.html">On the Sustainability of Free Software</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Discovering the full world of Free Software on your mobile phone with ease usually works with a Free Software app store called F-Droid and a replacement for the Google libraries called MicroG.</strong> You can find inspiration by browsing the F-Droid store or you watch out for curated third-party catalogues like <ahref="https://fossdroid.com/">Fossdroid</a> or <ahref="https://droid-break.info/">Droid-Break</a></p>
<p><strong>Discovering the full world of Free Software on your mobile phone with ease usually works with a Free Software app store called F-Droid and a replacement for the Google libraries called MicroG.</strong> You can find inspiration by <ahref="https://f-droid.org/packages/">browsing the F-Droid store</a> or you watch out for curated third-party catalogues like <ahref="https://fossdroid.com/">Fossdroid</a> or <ahref="https://droid-break.info/">Droid-Break</a>.</p>
<div><h2>F-Droid</h2><p>The F-Droid initiative has completely changed and facilitated the Free Software app availability in the Android world by offering a repository of easily-installable Free Software apps for the Android platform. In practice this means that you can <ahref="https://www.f-droid.org/">use F-Droid</a> in a similar experience as you might be used to use the Google Play store. There is an Android client application that makes it easy to browse Free Software applications, install or uninstall them onto your device, and keep track of updates. </p></div>
<div><h2>F-Droid</h2><p>The F-Droid initiative has completely changed and facilitated the Free Software app availability in the Android world by offering a repository of easily-installable Free Software apps for the Android platform. In practice this means that you can <ahref="https://www.f-droid.org/">use F-Droid</a> in a similar way as you might have experienced when using Google Play Store or other app stores. F-Droid makes it easy to browse Free Software applications, install or uninstall them onto your device, and keep track of updates. </p></div>
<p>MicroG describes itself as a <em>"Free Software re-implementation of Google’s proprietary Android user space apps and libraries"</em>. In practice that means <ahref="https://microg.org/">MicroG</a> allows other Free Software apps to seamlessly integrate into the Android system without having to use Google software for this. Free software users got extended application support, privacy-caring users can reduce or monitor data that is sent to Google and especially older phones can expect some battery life improvements. Read more about microG and some recommended apps on our <ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/freesoftwareapps.html">page with popular Free Software apps</a>.</p></div>
<p>MicroG describes itself as a <em>"Free Software re-implementation of Google’s proprietary Android user space apps and libraries"</em>. In practice that means <ahref="https://microg.org/">MicroG</a> allows other Free Software apps to seamlessly integrate into the Android system without having to use Google software for this. Free Software users get extended application support, privacy-caring users can reduce or monitor data that is sent to Google and especially older phones can expect some battery life improvements. Read more about microG and some recommended apps on our <ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/freesoftwareapps.html">page with popular Free Software apps</a>.</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2class="painted"id="regain-control-of-your-device">Regain control of your device!</h2>
<p>This page could only glimpse on the possibilities and the benefits of using Free Software on your device. It brings back control over your data, your software and hardware to you. If you like to install Free Software on your device now on your own you will find a lot of information on the Internet. If you like to visit one of our workshops <ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/workshops.html">check out our workshop page</a>. If you like this initiative <ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/informationmaterial.html">spread the word</a>, join the movement and tell others about our initiative and goals. </p>
<p>Help us to spread the word about the environmental impact of ewaste and the short lifespan of our phones - and how to help reducing the problem by upcycling your Android device with Free Software.</p>
<p>Help us to spread the word about the environmental impact of e-waste and the short lifespan of our phones - and how to help reducing the problem by upcycling your Android device with Free Software.</p>
<p>On this page you find a collection of infomation and background material. The range of material goes from printed stickers that you can order for no cost to infographics for download to in-depth studies for further reading to videos from talks at conferences. Come back once in a while to look for new content and help us to spread the word and explain our cause to other people. </p>
@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
<imgsrc="https://pics.fsfe.org/uploads/small/887300e5d6bf0731b74ba9cb6938c25e.png"alt="Thumbnail of infographic about the environmental impact of your phone"/>
<pclass="infodescription">
How does our current behaviour with smartphones affect the environment? This is the question of our new infographic and a better description will be provided as soon as the infographic is ready. The size is DINA4 so you can print the poster yourself and put it up in a community space if you want. Download <ahref="URL">the PDF here</a> or enjoy the <ahref="https://pics.fsfe.org/uploads/big/3f245cafb207065acd679b78d56d91d1.jpg">full resolution picture</a>, share it with your friends or the Internet.
How does our current behaviour with phones affect the environment? This is the question of our new infographic and a better description will be provided as soon as the infographic is ready. The size is DINA4 so you can print the poster yourself and put it up in a community space if you want. Download <ahref="URL">the PDF here</a> or enjoy the <ahref="https://pics.fsfe.org/uploads/big/3f245cafb207065acd679b78d56d91d1.jpg">full resolution picture</a>, share it with your friends or the Internet.
</p>
</div>
</div>
@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
<imgsrc="https://pics.fsfe.org/uploads/small/887300e5d6bf0731b74ba9cb6938c25e.png"alt="Thumbnail of infographic about How to upcycle your phone and extend its usage lifetime"/>
<pclass="infodescription">
Tired of replacing your smartphone every other year? Then renew and keep using your phone with Free Software! Our infographic poster explains very concise how to upcycle your phone and extend its usage lifetime. The size is DINA4 so you can print the poster yourself and put it up in a community space if you want. Download <ahref="URL">the PDF here</a> or enjoy the <ahref="https://pics.fsfe.org/uploads/big/3f245cafb207065acd679b78d56d91d1.jpg">full resolution picture</a>, share it with your friends or the Internet.
Tired of replacing your phone every other year? Then renew and keep using your phone with Free Software! Our infographic poster explains very concise how to upcycle your phone and extend its usage lifetime. The size is DINA4 so you can print the poster yourself and put it up in a community space if you want. Download <ahref="URL">the PDF here</a> or enjoy the <ahref="https://pics.fsfe.org/uploads/big/3f245cafb207065acd679b78d56d91d1.jpg">full resolution picture</a>, share it with your friends or the Internet.
</p>
</div>
</div>
@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
<imgsrc="https://pics.fsfe.org/uploads/small/588076810a23bf0c67c0450663c7cb9a.png"alt="Thumbnail of Marvin giving a talk about MicroG at SFScon 2019"/>
<pclass="infodescription">
Marvin W is one of the core developers of microG, a replacement for proprietary Google libraries available for custrom ROMs. Marvin's talk at SFScon 2019 introduces what microG is and its history, shows how it works on a high level and how it can help provide more freedom to Android apps and devices. Finally it will give an overview of what is happening now around microG and what is planned to happen short- and longterm. Watch it <ahref="https://media.fsfe.org/w/sPYmpPyKpdKLSokjZzG3VM">on Peertube</a> or <ahref="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqSEdTV9tb8">on Youtube</a>.
Marvin W is one of the core developers of microG, a replacement for proprietary Google libraries available for custom ROMs. Marvin's talk at SFScon 2019 introduces what microG is and its history, shows how it works on a high level and how it can help provide more freedom to Android apps and devices. Finally it will give an overview of what is happening now around microG and what is planned to happen short- and longterm. Watch it <ahref="https://media.fsfe.org/w/sPYmpPyKpdKLSokjZzG3VM">on Peertube</a> or <ahref="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqSEdTV9tb8">on Youtube</a>.
<p>Every year, manufacturers produce 1.5 billion smartphones worldwide - and unfortunately, probably just as many are thrown away after what is usually a far too short hardware lifespan. E-waste increases every year. The energy required to produce the devices is extremely high, and the manufacturing and supply chain spans the globe several times. With Upcycling Android we go one step towards fixing the problem by extending hardware lifespan of Android devices in particular!</p>
<h4>Tired of replacing your phone every other year?</h4>
<h3>Are you aware of the impact that growing phone production has on our climate?</h3>
</div>
<h2class="painted">Renew and keep using your phone with Free Software! </h2>
<p>Every time we keep using our current phone instead of buying a new one we help avoiding the production of
new phones and growing disposal of ewaste. <strong>"Upcyling Android" is an initiative to tackle software obsolescence</strong> and to change our short-term consumption from linear production of phones towards a circle economy. This by upcycling our devices with the use of Free Software. We explain the problem, offer help and make your voices heard towards politicians.</p>
new phones and growing disposal of e-waste. <strong>"Upcyling Android" is an initiative to tackle software obsolescence</strong> and to change our short-term consumption from linear production of phones towards a circle economy. This by upcycling our devices with the use of Free Software. We explain the problem, offer help and make your voice heard by decision-makers.</p>
<p><strong>Get active! Help the environment, save money, and use Free Software as a tool for self-determination, and against waste and obsolescence.</strong></p>
<ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/about.html"><imgalt="thumbnail of a info graphic linking to the campaign's about page"src="https://pics.fsfe.org/uploads/big/f661284e9bc7b1430f3ce754e6dac848.png"/></a>
<ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/howtoupcycle.html"><imgalt="thumbnail of a hammer and a wrench, crossing each other, linking to the campaign's upcycling page" src="https://pics.fsfe.org/uploads/big/4838df13cc16d05ee9ab3786f0180003.png" /></a>
<ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/workshops.html"><imgalt="thumbnail of two people next to each other, linking to the campaign's workshop page"src="https://pics.fsfe.org/uploads/big/4838df13cc16d05ee9ab3786f0180003.png" /></a>
<ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/informationmaterial.html"><imgalt="thumbnail of a megaphone, linking to the campaign's info material page"src="https://pics.fsfe.org/uploads/big/2ea83b384221fce3225767ffd56d0ffa.png" /></a>
<ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/about.html"><imgalt="thumbnail of a info graphic linking to the campaign's about page" src="https://pics.fsfe.org/uploads/big/30d10e69341bc4d6af5fae9ee37b5653.png" /></a>
<ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/howtoupcycle.html"><imgalt="thumbnail of a hammer and a wrench, crossing each other, linking to the campaign's upcycling page"src="https://pics.fsfe.org/uploads/big/9bfcad991382fd5aee71bbfb700f2d93.png" /></a>
<ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/workshops.html"><imgalt="thumbnail of two people next to each other, linking to the campaign's workshop page"src="https://pics.fsfe.org/uploads/big/e99e6514e7bcc88804e6f10be0271065.png" /></a>
<ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/informationmaterial.html"><imgalt="thumbnail of a megaphone, linking to the campaign's info material page"src="https://pics.fsfe.org/uploads/big/30d10e69341bc4d6af5fae9ee37b5653.png"/></a>
</div>
</div>
@ -75,7 +71,7 @@
device becomes slow or non-responsive, or the manufacturing company
stops supporting its software, which could make it unusable and unsecure. In
most of these cases the hardware
still works pretty well. So why tossing away your shiny
still works pretty well. So why tossing away your
expensive hardware? Wouldn't it be better instead to update and
keep using it? That is what Upcycling Android is about!
</p>
@ -133,7 +129,7 @@
Software operating system. There are
several Free Software operating systems available which are
called "custom ROMs". Each custom ROM comes with different focus,
some focus on privacy, others on freedom, on usability and more.
some focus on full user freedom, others on privacy, on usability and more.
Choose the one that matches your purpose best. Your phone will be
updated, upgraded and upcycled! Enjoy the feeling of a new operating system like
having a new device.
@ -146,24 +142,20 @@
Even if you are still using your stock Android: Installing Free
Software apps is possible on any type of Android phone. You can simply
install <ahref="https://www.f-droid.org/">F-Droid</a> and immediately enjoy the biggest Free Software app
store in the Android world! Browsers, Maps, Games, Music, Chats and
store in the Android world! Browsers, maps, games, music, chats and
more, everything in one place! Every app you replace with a Free
Software reduce your dependencies on non-free software.
<ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/about.html"><imgalt="thumbnail of a info graphic linking to the campaign's about page"src="https://pics.fsfe.org/uploads/big/30d10e69341bc4d6af5fae9ee37b5653.png"/></a>
<ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/howtoupcycle.html"><imgalt="thumbnail of a hammer and a wrench, crossing each other, linking to the campaign's upcycling page"src="https://pics.fsfe.org/uploads/big/9bfcad991382fd5aee71bbfb700f2d93.png"/></a>
<ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/workshops.html"><imgalt="thumbnail of two people next to each other, linking to the campaign's workshop page"src="https://pics.fsfe.org/uploads/big/e99e6514e7bcc88804e6f10be0271065.png"/></a>
<ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/informationmaterial.html"><imgalt="thumbnail of a megaphone, linking to the campaign's info material page"src="https://pics.fsfe.org/uploads/big/30d10e69341bc4d6af5fae9ee37b5653.png"/></a>
<h4>Tired of replacing your phone every other year?</h4>
<h3>Are you aware of the impact that growing phone production has on our climate?</h3>
</div>
</div>
<h2class="painted">Join the movement</h2>
<p>Join our initiative and upcycle your phone. Together we can make a difference and help to reduce our natural resource consumption as well as our CO2 footprint. Installing a Free Software operating system on your phone helps to keep your hardware up to date. This way you have more control how long to use your device. In addition, it comes with a lot of other benefits. <strong>Free Software gives you full control over your device</strong>, you can finally de-install apps you could not before and you profit from extended privacy protection - just to mention a few.
<p><strong>Join the movement and upcycle your phone.</strong> Together we can make a difference and help to reduce our natural resource consumption as well as our CO2 footprint. Installing a Free Software operating system on your phone helps to keep your phone up to date. This way you have more control how long to use your device. In addition, it comes with a lot of other benefits. <strong>Free Software gives you full control over your device</strong>, you can finally de-install apps you could not before and you profit from extended privacy protection - just to mention a few.
<p>Installing a Free Software operating system on your device technically translates to "flashing a custom-ROM on your device". We explain the process and steps involved on our page about <ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/howtoupcycle.html">how to upcycle your Android device</a>.</p>
<p>Installing a Free Software operating system on your device technically translates to "flashing a customROM on your device". We explain the process and steps involved on our page about <ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/howtoupcycle.html">how to upcycle your Android device</a>.</p>
<p>Keep in mind that this might be not an easy task in the first place.
It needs some preparation and reserach in advance. There is however plenty of information and help available from diverse communitites. Also, we run Workshops to help you with it.
<p>Keep in mind that this might be not an easy task when you do it for the first time.
It needs some preparation and reserach in advance. There is however plenty of information and help available from diverse communitites. And if you like to tinker around with technology it can actually become quite some fun pretty soon.
Software sustainability does not only play a role in extending usage
lifetime of smartphones. In fact, it is key to achieve a more sustainable digital society. The FSFE provides an <ahref="/freesoftware/sustainability/sustainability.html">in-depth article about the sustainability of Free Software</a>.
lifetime of phones. In fact, it is key to achieve a more sustainable digital society. The FSFE provides an <ahref="/freesoftware/sustainability/sustainability.html">in-depth article about the sustainability of Free Software</a>.
<h2class="painted"id="about-the-workshops">About the Workshops</h2>
<p>In collaboration with local partners and groups the FSFE runs "Upcycling Android" workshops to help you with the technical part of upgrading your default Android phone with a Custom ROM. You can read about how this works and why it matters on our <ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/howtoupcycle.html">how to upcycle</a> page.</p>
<p>In collaboration with local partners and groups the FSFE runs "Upcycling Android" workshops to help you with the technical part of upgrading your default Android phone with a custom ROM. You can read about how this works and why it matters on our <ahref="/activities/upcyclingandroid/howtoupcycle.html">how to upcycle</a> page.</p>
<p>In these workshops you can usually bring certain devices for that our volunteers will help you with the upcycling process. In addition we also bring devices with us that you can use to play and tinker around. That means you do not necessarily need to flash your own phone during an Upcycling Android workshop. You can also learn from others doing so or you can even come to help others.</p>
<p>In these workshops you can usually bring certain devices for which our volunteers will try to help you with the upcycling process. In addition we also bring devices with us that you can use to play and tinker around. That means you do not necessarily need to flash your own phone during an Upcycling Android workshop. This way you can give it a try until you feel confident to do this with your own devices
in future. Or you come to learn from others doing so or if you are an experienced user, you can come to help others.</p>
<p>Apart from directly helping users to upcycle their phone, our Upcycling Android workshops are also intended to bring diverse people together on the same topic. People who feel strong about reducing ewaste and save the environment have the chance to meet people who care about software freedom and technologies - and vice versa. </p>
<p>Apart from directly helping users to upcycle their phone, our Upcycling Android workshops are also planned to be gatherings that bring diverse people together on the same topic. People who feel strong about reducing e-waste and save the environment have the chance to meet people who care about software freedom and empowering users to control technology - and vice versa. </p>
<p>Since we are working together with local groups, any workshop is unique and different. They happen in different places and locations and they also put different focus each. Some focus on installing Android alternatives others might concentrate on installing full GNU/Linux replacements. But even within these categories they might differ in the actual operating system they concentrate on installing and to offer help with. You find the full descriptions and information about participation in <ahref="https://wiki.fsfe.org/Activities/Android/UpcyclingWorkshops/">our wiki-pages</a>. Please read the desctiptions carefully to be sure you choose the workshop that matches your interests. Find some general remarks for all workshops below.</p>
<p>Since we are working together with local groups, any workshop is unique and different. They happen in different places and locations and they also put different focus each. Some focus on installing Android alternatives others might concentrate on installing full GNU/Linux replacements. But even within these categories they might differ in the actual operating system they concentrate on installing and to offer help with. You find the full descriptions and information about participation in <ahref="https://wiki.fsfe.org/Activities/Android/UpcyclingWorkshops/">our wiki-pages</a>. Please read the descriptions carefully to be sure you choose the workshop that matches your interests. Find some general remarks for all workshops below.</p>
<h2class="painted"id="about-the-workshops">General remarks on the workshops</h2>
<p>If you visit on of our workshops please ensure that:</p>
<p>If you visit one of our workshops please ensure that:</p>
<ul>
<li>If you like to flash your phone, bring your device, power plug, data cable and if possible also a laptop where you have the admin possibilities to install software necessary to use for flashing our phone.</li>
<li>In case you plan to flash your phone, make a backup before! All data on your phone will be erased during the process. Please inform yourself about how to backup the date on your phone within the IT system you are using.</li>
<li>Technology and hacking can be fiddly sometimes. The teams running the workshops do this voluntarily. Please bring some patience and be excellent to each other.</li>
<li>Technology and hacking can be fiddly sometimes. Also this is not a phone flashing service. The teams running the workshops do this voluntarily and for the fun. Please bring some patience and be excellent to each other.</li>
<li>Our workshops adhere to our <ahref="coc">Code of Conduct</a>.</li>
